Classification and cognition:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York u.a.
Oxford Univ. Press u.a.
1994
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Oxford psychology series
22 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XII, 282 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0195073355 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Classification and cognition
Autor: Estes, William K.
Jahr: 1994
Contents
1. INTRODUCTION AND BASIC CONCEPTS 3
1.1 Classification and cognition: an overview 4
1.1.1 Concepts and categories 4
1.1.2 Approaches to categorization: two theoretical traditions 5
1.1.3 Categorization and induction 8
1.1.4 Remarks on theoretical style 9
1.2 The array model framework 12
1.2.1 Representation: attributes, dimensions, and features 12
1.2.2 The problem of access to memory 14
1.2.3 Comparison and similarity 15
1.2.4 The product rule for patterns of binary-valued attributes 19
1.2.5 The core model for classification 27
Appendix 1.1 Union and intersection rules for computation of
pattern similarity 28
Appendix 1.2 Attentional learning in the exemplar model 29
2. CATEGORY STRUCTURES AND CATEGORIZATION 32
2.1 Similarity in theories of classification 32
2.1.1 The core model applied to a natural category 32
2.1.2 From similarity to response probability 40
2.1.3 An alternative measure of similarity: the contrast model 41
2.2 Predicting categorization performance 44
2.2.1 The simplest categorization model in the array framework 45
2.2.2 On category structures and conceptual levels 56
3. MODELS FOR CATEGORY LEARNING 59
3.1 The exemplar-similarity model 59
3.1.1 Augmentations of the core model 59
3.1.2 Categorization and identification 66
3.1.3 Similarity and cognitive distance 68
3.1.4 Status of the exemplar-similarity model 71
3.2 Network-based learning models 72
3.2.1 A simple adaptive network model 72
3.2.2 The similarity-network model 75
3.2.3 Pattern to feature transfer 83
Appendix 3.1 Categorization probability for the exemplar model in
relation to initial memory load 86
Appendix 3.2 Similarity-network output and learning functions for
standard four-pattern categorization 87
Appendix 3.3 Additional details of Experiment 3.1 procedure 89
4. CATEGORIZATION AND MEMORY PROCESSING 90
4.1 Concurrent categorizations 90
4.2 Categorization with constraints on memory 97
4.2.1 Categorization with constrained repetition lags 98
4.2.2 Categorization based on short-term memory 100
4.2.3 Analyses of response frequency data 101
4.2.4 Analyses of reaction times 103
4.3 A modular view of exemplar and network models 106
Appendix 4.1 Method of Experiment 4.1 108
Appendix 4.2 Learning about invalid cues in concurrent
categorizations: Experiment 4.2 112
Appendix 4.3 Method of Experiment 4.4: categorization in
short-term memory 116
5. ON THE STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL OF CATEGORICAL
INFORMATION 119
5.1 Standard versus observational training procedures 119
5.1.1 Method for comparison of training procedures 120
5.1.2 Results for comparisons of training procedures 122
5.2 Learning on the basis of average or configural prototypes 124
5.3 Inducing prototypes 128
5.4 Predicting features from categories 131
5.4.1 Feature-frequency estimates based on long-term memory 132
5.4.2 Feature-frequency estimates based on shorter-term memory 137
5.5 Pattern completion 142
Appendix 5.1 Induction of prototypes in a correlated-feature
category structure: Experiment 5.1 144
Appendix 5.2 Induction of prototypes in an independent-feature
category structure: Experiment 5.2 149
Appendix 5.3 Method and results of Gluck (1984) study 150
Appendix 5.4 Derivations of predictions from exemplar and :
similarity-network models for MacMillan (1987) study 151 ¦
6. EXTENSIONS AND NEW APPLICATIONS OF THE
EXEMPLAR-SIMILARITY MODEL 156 j
6.1 Processing assumptions 157 j
6.2 Extensions and applications 159 |
6.2.1 Confusable categories 159 ;
6.2.2 Transfer between categorizations 161
6.2.3 The burden of the past: interference in learning successive
categorizations or discriminations 163
6.2.4 Learning multiple categorizations 166
6.2.5 Category learning in relation to number of categories 167
6.2.6 Effects of category size 171
6.2.7 Causal relations 174
6.2.8 The dilution effect 178
6.3 From categorization to recall 180
6.3.1 Simple cued recall of paired associates 180
6.3.2 Ordered recall 183
6.3.3 The crossover effect in sentence memory 189
6.3.4 Recall without response cueing 190
6.3.5 A comment on direct recall 192
6.4 On the extendability of the exemplar-similarity model 192
Appendix 6.1 Similarity computations for application of the array
model to causal inference problems 193
7. CATEGORIZATION AND RECOGNITION 194
7.1 Recognition: a window to memory? 194
7.1.1 Experimental paradigms 194
7.1.2 Aspects of recognition theory 196
7.2 Recognition in the array framework 197
7.2.1 Forced-choice recognition 197
7.2.2 Old/new recognition 204
7.2.3 The role of memory load in recognition 209
7.2.4 Effects of item repetition 211
7.2.5 Word-frequency and the mirror effect 217
7.3 Recognition in the similarity-network model 219
7.4 Short-term memory search 224
7.5 On recognition as a measure of memory 230
Appendix 7.1 Application of signal detectability theory to
recognition 230
Appendix 7.2 Array-model computations for list-length/list-strength
design in old/new recognition 232
Appendix 7.3 Summary of study of memory load in old/new
recognition: Experiment 7.1 233
Appendix 7.4 Summary of repetition study: Experiment 7.2 235
8. CATEGORIZATION AND COGNITION: REPRISE 238
8.1 The basis of classification in memory 238
8.1.1 The new faces of instance memory 238
8.1.2 Summary of the assumptions of the array-similarity model 239
8.2 Concepts and categories 241
8.3 The place of rules in a memory-based theory 244
8.4 Representation and structure 247
8.4.1 The issue of independence of attributes 248
8.4.2 Array versus network representations 249
8.5 Alternative theoretical approaches 254
8.5.1 The ACT framework 254
8.5.2 Hintzman s Minerva model 255
8.5.3 The general recognition model 255
8.5.4 Multilayer connectionist networks 256
8.5.5 On differential tests of models 256
References 259
Author Index 273
Subject Index 277
|
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| language | English |
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| spelling | Estes, William K. 1919- Verfasser (DE-588)123486025 aut Classification and cognition W. K. Estes New York u.a. Oxford Univ. Press u.a. 1994 XII, 282 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Oxford psychology series 22 Categorization (Psychology) Recognition (Psychology) Cognitive learning theory Psychologie (DE-588)4047704-6 gnd rswk-swf Kognitive Psychologie (DE-588)4073586-2 gnd rswk-swf Kategorie (DE-588)4131967-9 gnd rswk-swf Kognitive Lerntheorie (DE-588)4164469-4 gnd rswk-swf Kategorisierung (DE-588)4163445-7 gnd rswk-swf Kategorisierung (DE-588)4163445-7 s Psychologie (DE-588)4047704-6 s DE-604 Kategorie (DE-588)4131967-9 s Kognitive Lerntheorie (DE-588)4164469-4 s Kognitive Psychologie (DE-588)4073586-2 s Oxford psychology series 22 (DE-604)BV000005639 22 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006312962&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Estes, William K. 1919- Classification and cognition Oxford psychology series Categorization (Psychology) Recognition (Psychology) Cognitive learning theory Psychologie (DE-588)4047704-6 gnd Kognitive Psychologie (DE-588)4073586-2 gnd Kategorie (DE-588)4131967-9 gnd Kognitive Lerntheorie (DE-588)4164469-4 gnd Kategorisierung (DE-588)4163445-7 gnd |
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| title | Classification and cognition |
| title_auth | Classification and cognition |
| title_exact_search | Classification and cognition |
| title_full | Classification and cognition W. K. Estes |
| title_fullStr | Classification and cognition W. K. Estes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Classification and cognition W. K. Estes |
| title_short | Classification and cognition |
| title_sort | classification and cognition |
| topic | Categorization (Psychology) Recognition (Psychology) Cognitive learning theory Psychologie (DE-588)4047704-6 gnd Kognitive Psychologie (DE-588)4073586-2 gnd Kategorie (DE-588)4131967-9 gnd Kognitive Lerntheorie (DE-588)4164469-4 gnd Kategorisierung (DE-588)4163445-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Categorization (Psychology) Recognition (Psychology) Cognitive learning theory Psychologie Kognitive Psychologie Kategorie Kognitive Lerntheorie Kategorisierung |
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