Good reasons and persuasive force: a pragmat. approach
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | French |
| Published: |
Lanham u.a.
Univ. Pr. of America
1983
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XX, 393 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0819134856 0819134848 |
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MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Good reasons and persuasive force |b a pragmat. approach |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Persuasion (Rhetoric) | |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Titel: Good reasons and persuasive force
Autor: Olshewsky, Thomas M.
Jahr: 1983
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
PREFACES:
To the Student vii
To the Teacher ix
To the Philosopher xi
To Friends and Colleagues xii
CHAPTER I GOOD REASONS AND PERSUASIVE FORCE:
AN INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 The Anatomy of an Argument 2
Reasoned arguments (2). Arguments as acts (3).
Arguments as objects (3). Arguments in context
(3). Analysis and abstraction (4). Conclusions
and reasons (5). Exercises (5).
1.2 Good Reasons and Persuasive Force 8
Soundness and effectiveness (8). Abstraction
and actual argument (9). Some rules of thumb
(10).
1.3 Logical Force and Formal Patterns 11
Abstracting form from content (11). True
hypotheticals and valid arguments (13).
Content units and formal connection (16).
Exercises (17).
1.4 Some Preliminary Canons for Soundness 19
Consistency (19). Clarity (19). Accuracy
(20). Coherence (20). Relevance (21).
Summary (22). Exercises (22).
1.5 Language, Speech Acts and Arguments 23
The reliability and pliability of language
(23). The limits and powers of language
(24). Looking back and looking ahead (25).
xiii
CHAPTER 2 ABSTRACTION AND INFERENCE:
THE LOGIC OF STATEMENTS 27
2.1 Abstracting the Form 28
Degrees of abstraction (28). Sentences and
Statements (30). Conditionals (31). Dis¬
junction (34). Conjunction (35). Negation
(35). Inference patterns (36). Exercises
(38).
2.2 Truth Conditions 39
A new way of speaking (39). Truth tables
(42). The truth of complex statements
(46). Tautologies, self-contradictions
and contingencies (49). Inference
conditions (52). Replacement conditions
(54). Exercises (56).
2.3 Justifying Extended Proofs 58
Argument forms as rules (58). Inference
rules (62). Replacement rules (64).
Economy and Complexity (66). Packaging
and Transportation (67). Exercises (69).
2.4 Discovering Solutions 73
Implications and inferences {73). Discover¬
ing inconsistency and invalidity (73).
General problem-solving strategies (77).
Techniques for constructing extended proofs
(80). Detour tactics with I.P. and C.P.
(86). Exercises (88).
2.5 Interpreting Arguments 92
Avenues to abstraction (92). Some bumps in
the road (94). Exercises (97).
CHAPTER 3 ABSTRACTION AND INFERENCE:
THE LOGIC OF TEEMS 101
3.1 Classification and Predication 102
Kinds and degrees (102). Dichotomies (104).
Identification, classification and character¬
ization (106). Qualifications (107). Pred¬
ication and relation (109). Exercises (110).
xiv
3.2 Term Logic and Immediate Inference 113
Standard form (113). The square of
opposition (114) . Conversion. (116) .
Obversion (117). Venn Diagrams
(118). Exception and exclusion (119).
The logic of relations (120). Exercises
(122).
3.3 The Categorical Syllogism 125
Standard form (125). Distribution of
the middle term (125). Distribution
of the end terms (127). Quality of
the statements (127). Evaluation by
rules (127). Evaluation by Venn
Diagrams (129). Evaluation by
analogy (129). Exercises (131).
3.4 Venn Diagram Techniques 133
Complementation and intersection (133).
Diagramming statements (133). Immediate
inferences (135). Diagramming arguments
(135). Seeing the conclusion (137).
Antilogism Technique (138). Exercises
(140).
3.5 Standard Forms and Ordinary Expression 141
Tense and number (141). Parameters (141).
Quantifiers (143). Complements (143).
Exercises (144).
CHAPTER 4 FROM FORM TO FORCE:
THE PERSUASIVE POWER OF INFERENCE 147
4.1 Suppositional Foundations 148
Assuming and presupposing (148). Enthymemes
(150). Suppressed conclusions (150). Sup¬
pressed principles (152). Suggested situations
(152). Valid forms (153). Truth-functional
analogues (153). Exercises (154).
4.2 Steamroller Effects 156
xv
The sorites (156). Extended hypothetical
syllogisms (159). Other complex arguments
(162). Exercises (163).
4.3 Brick Wall Effects 167
The Dilemma (167). The image of the bull
(169). Reduction to absurdity (170).
Paradoxes (171). Summary (173). Exercises
(173).
CHAPTER 5 FACTS AND FIGURES:
THE PERSUASIVE POWER OF EVIDENCE 175
5.1 What Is a Fact? 176
Facts and assertions (176). Facts and
opinions (17.7). Facts and meanings (177).
Fact and fiction (179). Facts and values
(180). Summary (182). Exercises (182).
5.2 Understanding Evidence. 184
Myths and models for methods (184). Theories
(189). Causes and becauses (196). From
Science to the Ordinary (199). Exercises
(205).
5.3 Statistical Evidence 209
Some ways of figuring (209). Averaging
(211). Probabilities (213). Complex
probabilities (215). Some questions
about figures (217). The use and abuse
of figures (220). Charts and graphs
(224). Exercises (232).
5.4 Suggested Similarities 237
The literal and the figurative (237). The
model of proportionality (239). Uses of
analogy (241). The figure of form (243).
Moral (245).
xvi
CHAPTER 6 WHAT S IN A NAME?:
THE PERSUASIVE POWER OF EXPRESSION 247
6.1 Meaning and Definition 248
Ways of Meaning (248). Kinds of definition
(249). Ways of defining (251). Vagueness,
ambiguity and verbal disputes (255).
Exercises (256).
6.2 Category Muddles 257
Persuasive features of classification (257).
Category mistakes (258). Distributive-
collective shifts (260). Sorting-grading
shifts (261). Archetypes and stereotypes
(261). Category muddles recapitulated
(262). Exercises (264).
6.3 Some Issues of Consistency and Clarity 265
The act/object ambiguity again (265).
Structural consistency (266). Categoreal
consistency (267). Category mistakes (268).
Composition (268). Division (268).
Reification (268). Semantic consistency
(268). Focal consistency (269) . Suppositional
consistency (271). Obscurities (271).
Clarifications (273). Exercises (274).
6.4 The Broader Contexts 277
The medium is the massage (277). Uppers
(279). Downers (280).
CHAPTER 7 THE LAND OF THE SHADOW:
SOME PROBLEMS OF RATIONALITY 281
7.1 Some Problems of Relevance 283
Ways and degrees of being irrelevant (283).
The fallacy fallacy (284). A pragmatic
ordering for problems of relevance (288).
Arguments relative to persons (290).
Arguments relative to situational contexts
(291). Arguments relative to suppositional
contexts (292). Exercises (292).
xvii
7.2 Some Dimensions of Relevance 295
Inferential Relevance (295). Evidential
Relevance (297). Committal Relevance (298).
Effectual Relevance (299). The canons of
good reasons reconsidered (301). Exercises
(302).
7.3 Some Evaluations of Relevance 303
The scope and limits of enthymematic
exposition (303). Expositions relative
to persons (304). Expositions relative
to situations (308). Expositions relative
to suppositional contexts (310). Soundr-
ness and effectiveness again (313). Exercises
(316).
CHAPTER 8 ARGUMENT AND COMMITMENT:
SOME PROBLEMS OF MORALITY 319
8.1 Persuasion and Moral Argument 320
Arguing to beliefs, attitudes and
orientations (320). Arguing from
Principles and Rules (323). A
Schematic Expansion for Moral Contexts
(325). The Logic of Values, Norms
and Obligations (327). Arguments about
moral foundations (332). From
commitments to actions (336). Exercises
(337).
8.2 Effective Argument and Moral Responsibility 340
The moral perlexities (340). A practical
way out (342).
CHAPTER 9 BEYOND THE RUDIMENTS:
ON TO ACTUAL ARGUMENTS 345
9.1 The Analysis of Actual Arguments 346
The five canons revisited (346). Exposit¬
ion of structures (347). Evaluations of
soundness (354). Evaluation of effective¬
ness (356). Exercises (358).
xviii
9.2 The Construction of Actual Arguments 365
From anatomy to action (365). My reasons,
your reasons, his reasons, good reasons (368).
Exercises (368).
PARTIAL SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES 369
FREQUENTLY USED RULES AND CHARTS 385
xix
|
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| dewey-ones | 168 - Argument and persuasion |
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| spelling | Olshewsky, Thomas M. Verfasser aut Good reasons and persuasive force a pragmat. approach Lanham u.a. Univ. Pr. of America 1983 XX, 393 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Argumentatie gtt Logica gtt Logik Logic Persuasion (Rhetoric) Reasoning Argumentation (DE-588)4002899-9 gnd rswk-swf Argumentation (DE-588)4002899-9 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006075534&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Olshewsky, Thomas M. Good reasons and persuasive force a pragmat. approach Argumentatie gtt Logica gtt Logik Logic Persuasion (Rhetoric) Reasoning Argumentation (DE-588)4002899-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4002899-9 |
| title | Good reasons and persuasive force a pragmat. approach |
| title_auth | Good reasons and persuasive force a pragmat. approach |
| title_exact_search | Good reasons and persuasive force a pragmat. approach |
| title_full | Good reasons and persuasive force a pragmat. approach |
| title_fullStr | Good reasons and persuasive force a pragmat. approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Good reasons and persuasive force a pragmat. approach |
| title_short | Good reasons and persuasive force |
| title_sort | good reasons and persuasive force a pragmat approach |
| title_sub | a pragmat. approach |
| topic | Argumentatie gtt Logica gtt Logik Logic Persuasion (Rhetoric) Reasoning Argumentation (DE-588)4002899-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Argumentatie Logica Logik Logic Persuasion (Rhetoric) Reasoning Argumentation |
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