Fundamental astronomy:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English Finnish |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berlin [u.a.]
Springer
1994
|
| Ausgabe: | 2., enl. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Aus dem Finn. übers. |
| Beschreibung: | XIII, 511, 20 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 3540572031 0387572031 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Fundamental astronomy |c H. Karttunen ... (eds.) |
| 250 | |a 2., enl. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin [u.a.] |b Springer |c 1994 | |
| 300 | |a XIII, 511, 20 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
1. Introduction....................................................... 1
1.1 The Role of Astronomy ........................................ 1
1.2 Astronomical Objects of Research ............................... 2
1.3 The Scale of the Universe ...................................... 4
2. Spherical Astronomy ............................................... 9
2.1 Spherical Trigonometry ........................................ 9
2.2 The Earth .................................................... 13
2.3 The Celestial Sphere ........................................... 15
2.4 The Horizontal System......................................... 15
2.5 The Equatorial System ......................................... 17
2.6 The Ecliptic System ........................................... 22
2.7 The Galactic Coordinates ...................................... 23
2.8 Perturbations of Coordinates ................................... 23
2.9 Constellations ................................................. 28
2.10 Star Catalogues and Maps...................................... 29
2.11 Positional Astronomy.......................................... 32
2.12 Time Reckoning............................................... 36
2.13 Astronomical Time Systems .................................... 39
2.14 Calendars .................................................... 40
2.15 Examples ..................................................... 42
2.16 Exercises ..................................................... 46
3. Observations and Instruments ....................................... 49
3.1 Observing Through the Atmosphere ............................. 49
3.2 Optical Telescopes ............................................. 52
3.3 Detectors ..................................................... 66
3.4 Radio Telescopes .............................................. 71
3.5 Other Wavelength Regions ..................................... 78
3.6 Instruments of the Future ...................................... 83
3.7 Other Forms of Energy ........................................ 85
3.8 Examples ..................................................... 87
3.9 Exercises ..................................................... 88
4. Photometric Concepts and Magnitudes ............................... 89
4.1 Intensity, Flux Density and Luminosity .......................... 89
4.2 Apparent Magnitudes .......................................... 93
4.3 Magnitude Systems ............................................ 94
4.4 Absolute Magnitudes .......................................... 96
4.5 Extinction and Optical Thickness ................................ 97
X Contents
4.6 Examples..................................................... 100
4.7 Exercises ..................................................... 105
5. Radiation Mechanisms.............................................. 107
5.1 Radiation of Atoms and Molecules .............................. 107
5.2 The Hydrogen Atom .......................................... 109
5.3 Quantum Numbers, Selection Rules, Population Numbers.......... 113
5.4 Molecular Spectra ............................................. 114
5.5 Continuous Spectra............................................ 114
5.6 Blackbody Radiation .......................................... 115
5.7 Other Radiation Mechanisms ................................... 119
5.8 Radiative Transfer............................................. 120
5.9 Examples ..................................................... 122
5.10 Exercises ..................................................... 124
6. Temperatures ...................................................... 125
6.1 Examples ..................................................... 128
6.2 Exercises ..................................................... 129
7. Celestial Mechanics ................................................ 131
7.1 Equations of Motion .......................................... 131
7.2 Solution of the Equation of Motion ............................. 132
7.3 Equation of the Orbit and Kepler s First Law .................... 136
7.4 Orbital Elements .............................................. 137
7.5 Kepler s Second and Third Law ................................. 139
7.6 Orbit Determination ........................................... 142
7.7 Position in the Orbit........................................... 142
7.8 Escape Velocity ............................................... 144
7.9 Virial Theorem................................................ 146
7.10 The Jeans Limit............................................... 148
7.11 Examples ..................................................... 150
7.12 Exercises ..................................................... 154
8. The Solar System .................................................. 157
8.1 An Overview ................................................. 157
8.2 Planetary Configurations ....................................... 158
8.3 Orbit of the Earth ............................................. 160
8.4 Orbit of the Moon ............................................ 162
8.5 Eclipses and Occultations ...................................... 164
8.6 Albedos ...................................................... 166
8.7 Planetary Photometry, Polarimetry and Spectroscopy.............. 168
8.8 Thermal Radiation of the Planets ............................... 172
8.9 The Structure of Planets ....................................... 174
8.10 Planetary Surfaces............................................. 176
8.11 Atmospheres and Magnetospheres ............................... 178
8.12 Mercury...................................................... 182
8.13 Venus ........................................................ 184
8.14 The Earth and the Moon ....................................... 187
8.15 Mars......................................................... 193
8.16 Asteroids ..................................................... 196
Contents XI
8.17 Jupiter ..................................................... 200
8.18 Saturn ..................................................... 205
8.19 Uranus, Neptune and Pluto .................................. 208
8.20 Minor Bodies of the Solar System ............................. 214
8.21 Cosmogony................................................. 217
8.22 Other Solar Systems ......................................... 222
8.23 Examples................................................... 222
8.24 Exercises ................................................... 227
9. Stellar Spectra .................................................... 229
9.1 Measuring Spectra........................................... 229
9.2 The Harvard Spectral Classification ........................... 232
9.3 The Yerkes Spectral Classification ............................. 235
9.4 Peculiar Spectra............................................. 237
9.5 The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram ............................. 238
9.6 Model Atmospheres ......................................... 240
9.7 What Do the Observations Tell Us? ........................... 241
9.8 Exercises ................................................... 245
10. Binary Stars and Stellar Masses..................................... 247
10.1 Visual Binaries .............................................. 248
10.2 Astrometric Binary Stars ..................................... 249
10.3 Spectroscopic Binaries ....................................... 249
10.4 Photometric Binary Stars..................................... 251
10.5 Examples................................................... 253
10.6 Exercises ................................................... 255
11. Stellar Structure .................................................. 257
11.1 Internal Equilibrium Conditions............................... 257
11.2 Physical State of the Gas..................................... 261
11.3 Stellar Energy Sources ....................................... 265
11.4 Stellar Models .............................................. 270
11.5 Examples................................................... 271
11.6 Exercises ................................................... 274
12. Stellar Evolution .................................................. 275
12.1 Evolutionary Time Scales .................................... 275
12.2 The Contraction of Stars Towards the Main Sequence ........... 276
12.3 The Main Sequence Phase .................................... 278
12.4 The Giant Phase ............................................ 281
12.5 The Final Stages of Evolution ................................ 283
12.6 The Evolution of Close Binary Stars........................... 286
12.7 Comparison with Observations ................................ 288
12.8 The Origin of the Elements ................................... 289
12.9 Examples................................................... 293
12.10 Exercises ................................................... 293
13. The Sun ......................................................... 295
13.1 Internal Structure ........................................... 295
13.2 The Atmosphere ............................................ 297
XII Contents
13.3 Solar Activity ............................................... 301
13.4 Examples ................................................... 307
13.5 Exercises ................................................... 308
14. Variable Stars .................................................... 309
14.1 Classification ............................................... 310
14.2 Pulsating Variables .......................................... 311
14.3 Eruptive Variables ........................................... 314
14.4 Examples ................................................... 321
14.5 Exercises ................................................... 322
15. Compact Stars.................................................... 323
15.1 White Dwarfs ............................................... 323
15.2 Neutron Stars ............................................... 324
15.3 Black Holes ................................................ 331
15.4 Examples ................................................... 334
15.5 Exercises ................................................... 335
16. The Interstellar Medium ........................................... 337
16.1 Interstellar Dust ............................................. 337
16.2 Interstellar Gas ............................................. 350
16.3 Interstellar Molecules ........................................ 358
16.4 The Formation of Protostars ................................. 362
16.5 Planetary Nebulae ........................................... 363
16.6 Supernova Remnants ........................................ 364
16.7 The Hot Corona of the Milky Way ........................... 367
16.8 Cosmic Rays and the Interstellar Magnetic Field ................ 368
16.9 Examples ................................................... 370
16.10 Exercises ................................................... 371
17. Star Clusters and Associations ...................................... 373
17.1 Associations ................................................ 374
17.2 Open Star Clusters .......................................... 375
17.3 Globular Star Clusters ....................................... 378
17.4 Examples ................................................... 379
17.5 Exercises ................................................... 380
18. The Milky Way ................................................... 381
18.1 Methods of Distance Measurement ............................ 383
18.2 Stellar Statistics ............................................. 386
18.3 The Rotation of the Milky Way............................... 391
18.4 The Structure and Evolution of the Milky Way ................. 398
18.5 Examples ................................................... 401
18.6 Exercises ................................................... 402
19. Galaxies ......................................................... 403
19.1 The Classification of Galaxies ................................ 403
19.2 Elliptical Galaxies ........................................... 405
19.3 Spiral Galaxies .............................................. 412
19.4 Lenticular Galaxies .......................................... 416
Content* Mil
19.5 Luminosities of Galaxies ..................................... 416
19.6 Masses of Galaxies .......................................... 417
19.7 Systems of Galaxies ......................................... 419
19.8 Distances of Galaxies ........................................ 422
19.9 Active Galaxies and Quasars.................................. 422
19.10 The Origin and Evolution of Galaxies ......................... 427
19.11 Exercises ................................................... 428
20. Cosmology ....................................................... 429
20.1 Cosmological Observations ................................... 429
20.2 The Cosmological Principle................................... 436
20.3 Homogeneous and Isotropie Universes ......................... 438
20.4 The Friedmann Models ...................................... 440
20.5 Cosmological Tests .......................................... 445
20.6 History of the Universe ...................................... 447
20.7 The Future of the Universe ................................... 451
20.8 Examples................................................... 451
20.9 Exercises ................................................... 453
Appendices .......................................................... 455
A. Mathematics...................................................... 455
A. 1 Geometry .................................................. 455
A.2 Taylor Series ............................................... 455
A.3 Vector Calculus ............................................. 457
A.4 Conic Sections .............................................. 459
A.5 Multiple Integrals ........................................... 460
A.6 Numerical Solution of an Equation............................ 461
B. Quantum Mechanics............................................... 463
B.I Quantum Mechanical Model of Atoms. Quantum Numbers ...... 463
B.2 Selection Rules and Transition Probabilities .................... 464
B.3 Heisenberg s Uncertainty Principle ............................ 464
B.4 Exclusion Principle .......................................... 465
C. Theory of Relativity ............................................... 465
C. I Basic Concepts .............................................. 465
C.2 Lorentz Transformation. Minkowski Space ..................... 467
C.3 General Relativity ........................................... 468
C.4 Tests of General Relativity ................................... 469
D. Radio Astronomy Fundamentals .................................... 470
D.I Antenna Definitions ......................................... 470
D.2 Antenna Temperature and Flux Density ........................ 472
E. Tables ........................................................... 473
Answers to Exercises .................................................. 491
Further Reading ...................................................... 497
Photograph Credits ................................................... 50!
Name and Subject Index 503
Colour Supplement ................................................... 513
|
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| discipline | Physik |
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T17:18:56Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3540572031 0387572031 |
| language | English Finnish |
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| physical | XIII, 511, 20 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
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| spelling | Tähtitieteen perusteet Fundamental astronomy H. Karttunen ... (eds.) 2., enl. ed. Berlin [u.a.] Springer 1994 XIII, 511, 20 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Aus dem Finn. übers. Astronomie obspm Astronomie ram Sterrenkunde gtt Astronomy Astronomie (DE-588)4003311-9 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content Astronomie (DE-588)4003311-9 s DE-604 Karttunen, Hannu Sonstige oth HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=005524853&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Fundamental astronomy Astronomie obspm Astronomie ram Sterrenkunde gtt Astronomy Astronomie (DE-588)4003311-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4003311-9 (DE-588)4123623-3 |
| title | Fundamental astronomy |
| title_alt | Tähtitieteen perusteet |
| title_auth | Fundamental astronomy |
| title_exact_search | Fundamental astronomy |
| title_full | Fundamental astronomy H. Karttunen ... (eds.) |
| title_fullStr | Fundamental astronomy H. Karttunen ... (eds.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fundamental astronomy H. Karttunen ... (eds.) |
| title_short | Fundamental astronomy |
| title_sort | fundamental astronomy |
| topic | Astronomie obspm Astronomie ram Sterrenkunde gtt Astronomy Astronomie (DE-588)4003311-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Astronomie Sterrenkunde Astronomy Lehrbuch |
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