Palaeontology: an introduction
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Oxford u.a.
Pergamon Press
1985
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| Edition: | 1. ed. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XI, 178 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0080238548 008023853X |
Staff View
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| 100 | 1 | |a Nield, E. W. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Palaeontology |b an introduction |c by E. W. Nield and V. C. T. Tucker |
| 250 | |a 1. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Oxford u.a. |b Pergamon Press |c 1985 | |
| 300 | |a XI, 178 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Paléobotanique | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Paléontologie | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Paläontologie | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Paleobotany | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Paleontology | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Paläontologie |0 (DE-588)4044375-9 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Tucker, V. C. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
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Record in the Search Index
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Palaeontology —
by
E W NIELD
formerly Poroperm Laboratories, Chester, UK
and
VCT TUCKER
formerly Yale Sixth Form College, Wrexham, Clwyd, UK
PERGAMON PRESS
OXFORD • NEW YORK • TORONTO • SYDNEY • FRANKFURT
Contents
List of Tables xi
1 Introduction — Fundamental Questions 1
1 1 What is palaeontology? 1
1 2 What is a fossil? 1
1 3 What features and conditions are favourable for preservation? 1
1 4 Of what materials are hard parts composed? 2
1 5 Can a complete organism become fossilized? 3
1 6 What are the main changes during fossilization? 3
1 7 What are moulds and casts? 4
1 8 How do fossils date rocks? 4
1 9 What are fossils occurring in situ ? 5
1 10 What are derived fossils? 6
1 11 How may fossils be used as indicators of environment? 6
1 12 What is taxonomy? 8
1 13 Who creates the classification? 9
1 14 What is numerical taxonomy ? 10
1 15 Welcome to palaeontology 11
2 The Origin of-Life and the Earliest Fossils 12
2 1 When and how might life have begun? 12
2 2 What can geology tell us about this early life? 13
2 3 Precambrian animals 13
2 4 The Phanerozoic begins 14
3 Trilobites 16
3 1 Introduction 16
3 2 Ecdysis 16
3 3 Morphology 16
331 Facial sutures 18
332 Eyes 18
333 Limbs 19
3 4 The nature of the trilobite cuticle 20
3 5 Life cycle and development 21
3 6 Classification 22
3 7 Mode of life 23
3 8 Geological history and stratigraphic value 26
4 Graptolites 30
4 1 Introduction 30
4 2 Morphology 30
421 Dendroids 30
422 Graptoloids 32
4 3 Classification of the graptoloids 33
4 4 The structure of the graptolite periderm 34
vii
viii Contents
4 5 Graptolite affinities What was the graptolite animal? 35
4 6 Mode of life 36
4 7 Geological history and stratigraphic value 37
5 Brachiopods 44
5 1 Introduction 44
5 2 Morphology and internal anatomy 44
521 Soft parts 45
522 Hard parts (articulates) 47
523 Hard parts (inarticulates) 49
5 3 Shell growth, composition and structure 50
5 4 Design and mechanics of articulate hinges 52
5 5 Mode of life 53
5 6 Classification 55
5 7 Geological history and stratigraphic value 60
6 Molluscs 64
6 1 Introduction 64
6 2 General molluscan anatomy 64
63A diversity of molluscs 65
6 4 Growth in coiled shells 66
I GASTROPODS 66
6 5 Soft parts and life cycle 67
6 6 Shell form 69
6 7 The anatomical consequences of torsion 69
6 8 Archaeogastropods 69
6 9 Caenogastropods 69
6 10Pulmonates 71
6 11 Mode of life 72
6 12 Evolutionary history and geological value 72
II CEPHALOPODS 74
6 13 Soft parts and life cycle 74
6 14 Shell form 75
6 14 1 Cameral deposits 75
6 14 2 Coiling 76
6 14 3 Shell aperture 77
6 14 4 0percula 77
6 14 5 Ornament 78
6 15 Belemnites 79
6 16 Ammonites 79
6 17 Mode of life 79
6 18 Sexual dimorphism 82
6 19 Geological history and stratigraphic value 83
III BIVALVES 84
6 20 Soft parts and life cycle 84
6 21 Shell form 88
6 22 Mode of life 93
6 22 1 Burrowing and boring 93
6 22 2 Byssal tethering and free living 96
6 22 3 Cementation 98
6 23 Geological history and stratigraphic value 98
7 Echinoderms 99
7 1 Introduction 99
I ECHINOZOA — CLASS ECHINOIDEA 99
7 2 Shell form and soft parts of a regular echinoid 99
7 3 Irregular echinoids 101
7 4 Mode of life 101
7 5 Spired echinoids, sand dollars and echinoid infaunalism 102
7 6 Geological history and stratigraphic value 105
II CRINOZOA — CLASS CRINOIDEA 106
7 7 Skeletal construction 106
7 8 Mode of life 107
7 9 Geological history and stratigraphic value 108
Contents ix
8 Corals and Stromatoporoids 110
I CORALS
8 1 The coral animal 110
8 2Thecoralskeleton 110
8 3 The colonial habit 110
8 4 Rugose corals 111
8 5 Tabulate corals 113
8 6 Scleractinian corals 114
8 7 Geological history and stratigraphic value 116
II STROMATOPOROIDS
9 Vertebrates 121
9 1 Introduction 121
9 2 The vertebrate plan 121
9 3 Jawless fishes 122
9 4 The origin of jaws and lateral fins 122
9 5 The origin of bone and lungs 123
9 6 Amphibians and terrestrial vertebrates 125
9 7 Goodbye to the egg — the origin of mammals 127
9 8 The process of man s emergence 129
10 Microfossils 130
10 1 When is a fossil a microfossil? 130
10 2 The unicellular organism and the five kingdoms 130
10 3 Size and scale in single cells 131
10 4 Kingdom Monera 131
10 4 1 Blue-green algae 131
10 5 Kingdom Protista 132
10 5 1 Dinoflagellates 132
10 5 2 Diatoms 132
10 5 3 Coccoliths 133
10 5 4 Radiolaria 134
10 5 5 Foraminifera 135
10 6 Kingdom Planti^— spores and pollen 135
10 6 1 The alternation of generations and the rise of land plants 135
10 6 2 Typical spore and pollen morphology 138
10 6 3 Geological and stratigraphic value 140
10 7 Kingdom Animalia 140
10 7 1 Ostracods 140
10 7 2 Conodonts 142
11 Vascular Plants 144
11 1 Introduction 144
11 2 Palaeozoic plants without seeds 144
11 2 1 Psilophytes 144
11 2 2 Lycopsida 144
11 2 3 Sphenopsida 147
11 2 4 Hie origin of true leaves 148
11 2 5 The fern complex 148
11 2 6 Filicopsida 148
11 2 7 Plant evolution reflected in Devonian spore assemblages 148
11 3 Seed plants of the pre-Permian 148
11 3 1 Pteridospermales 148
11 3 2 Cordaitales 148
11 3 3 Coniferales 150
11 4 Non-flowering plants of the Permian and post-Permian 150
11 4 1 Ginkgoales 150
11 4 2 Cycadales and Bennettitales 151
11 5 Flowering plants 152
11 5 1 Angiospermopsida 152
x Contents
12 The Meaning of Fossils 154
12 1 Design, function, purpose 154
12 2 The function of the ammonite septum 155
12 3 The persistent paradigm 156
12 4 Perfect and not so perfect 156
12 5 Variation and natural selection 158
12 6 Natural selection under changing conditions 158
12 7 Some evolutionary case histories 159
12 7 1 Industrial melanism in the peppered moth 159
12 7 2 Evolution in Cretaceous irregular echinoids 159
12 7 3 The evolution of horses 161
12 8 Evolutionary trends and orthogenetic theories 161
12 9 Small steps and giant leaps 162
12 10 Extinction 163
Suggested F urther Reading 164
Author Index 165
Systematic Index 166
General Index 170
|
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| discipline | Geologie / Paläontologie Geographie |
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T17:17:28Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0080238548 008023853X |
| language | English |
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| physical | XI, 178 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1985 |
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| publishDateSort | 1985 |
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| spelling | Nield, E. W. Verfasser aut Palaeontology an introduction by E. W. Nield and V. C. T. Tucker 1. ed. Oxford u.a. Pergamon Press 1985 XI, 178 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Paléobotanique Paléontologie Paläontologie Paleobotany Paleontology Paläontologie (DE-588)4044375-9 gnd rswk-swf Paläontologie (DE-588)4044375-9 s DE-604 Tucker, V. C. Verfasser aut HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=005462217&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Nield, E. W. Tucker, V. C. Palaeontology an introduction Paléobotanique Paléontologie Paläontologie Paleobotany Paleontology Paläontologie (DE-588)4044375-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4044375-9 |
| title | Palaeontology an introduction |
| title_auth | Palaeontology an introduction |
| title_exact_search | Palaeontology an introduction |
| title_full | Palaeontology an introduction by E. W. Nield and V. C. T. Tucker |
| title_fullStr | Palaeontology an introduction by E. W. Nield and V. C. T. Tucker |
| title_full_unstemmed | Palaeontology an introduction by E. W. Nield and V. C. T. Tucker |
| title_short | Palaeontology |
| title_sort | palaeontology an introduction |
| title_sub | an introduction |
| topic | Paléobotanique Paléontologie Paläontologie Paleobotany Paleontology Paläontologie (DE-588)4044375-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Paléobotanique Paléontologie Paläontologie Paleobotany Paleontology |
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