Systems representation of global climate change models: foundation for a systems science approach
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berlin u.a.
Springer
1993
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Lecture notes in control and information sciences
186 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverz. S. 199 - 209 |
| Beschreibung: | XXVI, 258 S. graph. Darst. 1 Falttaf. |
| ISBN: | 3540198245 0387198245 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Systems representation of global climate change models |b foundation for a systems science approach |c N. Sreenath |
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin u.a. |b Springer |c 1993 | |
| 300 | |a XXVI, 258 S. |b graph. Darst. |e 1 Falttaf. | ||
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| 490 | 1 | |a Lecture notes in control and information sciences |v 186 | |
| 500 | |a Literaturverz. S. 199 - 209 | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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Contents
Foreword xv
Preface xxiii
1 INTRODUCTION l
1.0.1 System Complexity 2
1.0.2 Time Scale of Interest and Scope of Our Effort . 5
1.1 Earth as a System 6
1.2 What is New in this Book 7
1.3 Who Should Read This Book 9
1.4 Organization of Book 10
1.4.1 Who Should Read What 14
2 GLOBAL CLIMATE SYSTEM PRIMER 15
2.0.1 Organization 16
2.1 Weather and Climate 17
2.2 Importance of Climate System 17
2.2.1 Causes of Global Climate Change 21
2.3 Carbon Dioxide Contribution to Global Cli¬
mate Change 22
2.3.1 Importance of CO2 23
2.3.2 Sources and Sinks of Carbon Dioxide 27
2.4 Effects of Other Trace Gases 31
2.5 Other Factors Influencing Climate Change . 35
2.5.1 Influence of Aerosols on Climate 36
2.6 Projected Impacts of Global Climate Change 37
X
2.7 Carbon Dioxide — Temperature Sensitivity Con¬
troversy 39
3 APPROACHES TO CLIMATE SYSTEMS
RESEARCH 41
3.0.1 Organization 42
3.1 Mathematical Models of Climate System . . 43
3.2 Energy Balance Models (EBM) 44
3.3 Radiative Convective Models (RCM) 46
3.4 General Circulation Models (GCM) 47
3.4.1 Description 47
3.4.2 Two Dimensional GCM 50
3.5 Limitations of Present Day Models 50
3.6 Relative Merits of Mathematical Models . . 55
4 HIERARCHICAL CAUSAL CONCEPTUAL PHYS¬
ICAL MODELS 57
4.0.1 Organization 57
4.1 Hierarchy of Representations 58
4.2 Block Diagram Representation 58
4.2.1 Some Definitions 62
4.3 Stage I : First Level Representation 62
4.3.1 System Inputs 62
4.3.2 System Outputs 64
4.3.3 Transfer Functions 64
4.4 Notable Hypothesized Feedbacks in Climate
System 72
4.5 Comparison of Stage I and Stage II Represen¬
tations 74
5 ATMOSPHERE SYSTEM GOVERNING
EQUATIONS 77
5.0.1 Organization 78
5.1 Physical Structure of Atmosphere 79
5.2 Primitive Equations 83
5.2.1 Conservation of Momentum 83
xi
5.2.2 Synoptic Scale Approximation 87
5.2.3 Hydrostatic Approximation 88
5.2.4 Mass Continuity Equations 89
5.2.5 Thermo dynamic Equation 89
5.2.6 Water Vapor Equation 91
5.2.7 Summary of Primitive Equations 91
5.3 A Computationally Efficient Form of Funda¬
mental Equations 93
5.3.1 Equation of Mass Continuity 96
5.3.2 Horizontal Momentum Equations 97
5.3.3 Potential Temperature Equation 98
5.3.4 Water Vapor Equation 99
5.3.5 Geopotential Equation 99
6 ATMOSPHERE DYNAMICS 101
6.0.1 Organization 102
6.1 Grid Notation and State Space Model . 102
6.1.1 Grid Notation, Coordinates, and, Dimensionality . 102
6.1.2 State Space form of Atmospheric GCM 106
6.2 Inputs to the Atmospheric GCM 110
6.2.1 Horizontal Frictional Force Fa 114
6.2.2 Solar and Longwave Radiation, and, Diabatic Heat¬
ing Rate Q 115
6.2.3 Grid Notation and Radiation Subsystem Represen¬
tation 122
6.3 Cloud Process and Cumulus Convection . 125
6.3.1 Cumulus Convection 128
6.3.2 Radiative Effects and Large Scale Clouds 132
6.3.3 Cumulus Convection and Large Scale Cloud Repre¬
sentation 133
7 SURFACE, BOUNDARY LAYER, AND, GROUND
DYNAMICS 137
7.0.1 Organization 138
7.1 Surface Albedo and Snowfall dynamics . 138
xii
7.1.1 Vegetation Albedo 139
7.1.2 Snowfall 139
7.1.3 Snow Albedo Dynamics and Ice Albedo 142
7.1.4 Ocean Albedo 143
7.2 Boundary Surface Air Temperature and Wa¬
ter Vapor 143
7.3 Ground Dynamics 148
7.3.1 Ground Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Tempera¬
ture Dynamics 148
7.3.2 Ground Hydrology 152
8 ATMOSPHERIC TRACER DYNAMICS 157
8.0.1 Organization 157
8.1 State Space Representation of Tracer Dynam¬
ics 158
8.2 Atmosphere Ocean CO2 Exchange 161
8.3 Atmosphere Biomass Exchange 163
9 OCEAN DYNAMICS 167
9.0.1 Organization 170
9.1 Ocean Dynamic Equations 170
9.2 State Space Form of Ocean Dynamics . 173
10 COMPLETE CLIMATE SYSTEM REPRESENTA¬
TION 179
10.0.1 Organization 179
10.1 Complete Block Diagram and Super Block Di¬
agram 180
10.2 Merits of Complete Representation 181
10.3 Choice of Representations and Models . 187
10.3.1 Choice of Representations 187
10.3.2 Choice of Models 189
11 SYSTEMS PROBLEMS IN GLOBAL CHANGE
RESEARCH 191
xiii
BIBLIOGRAPHY 199
APPENDIX A : COORDINATE TRANSFORMA¬
TION 211
APPENDIX B : LIST OF NOTATION 215
GLOSSARY 223
INDEX 243 |
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| id | DE-604.BV008029061 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-20T05:17:25Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3540198245 0387198245 |
| language | English |
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| physical | XXVI, 258 S. graph. Darst. 1 Falttaf. |
| publishDate | 1993 |
| publishDateSearch | 1993 |
| publishDateSort | 1993 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Lecture notes in control and information sciences |
| series2 | Lecture notes in control and information sciences |
| spelling | Sreenath, Narasingarao Verfasser aut Systems representation of global climate change models foundation for a systems science approach N. Sreenath Berlin u.a. Springer 1993 XXVI, 258 S. graph. Darst. 1 Falttaf. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Lecture notes in control and information sciences 186 Literaturverz. S. 199 - 209 klimaændringer Klimaänderung (DE-588)4164199-1 gnd rswk-swf Mathematisches Modell (DE-588)4114528-8 gnd rswk-swf Klimaänderung (DE-588)4164199-1 s Mathematisches Modell (DE-588)4114528-8 s DE-604 Lecture notes in control and information sciences 186 (DE-604)BV005848579 186 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=005283253&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Sreenath, Narasingarao Systems representation of global climate change models foundation for a systems science approach Lecture notes in control and information sciences klimaændringer Klimaänderung (DE-588)4164199-1 gnd Mathematisches Modell (DE-588)4114528-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4164199-1 (DE-588)4114528-8 |
| title | Systems representation of global climate change models foundation for a systems science approach |
| title_auth | Systems representation of global climate change models foundation for a systems science approach |
| title_exact_search | Systems representation of global climate change models foundation for a systems science approach |
| title_full | Systems representation of global climate change models foundation for a systems science approach N. Sreenath |
| title_fullStr | Systems representation of global climate change models foundation for a systems science approach N. Sreenath |
| title_full_unstemmed | Systems representation of global climate change models foundation for a systems science approach N. Sreenath |
| title_short | Systems representation of global climate change models |
| title_sort | systems representation of global climate change models foundation for a systems science approach |
| title_sub | foundation for a systems science approach |
| topic | klimaændringer Klimaänderung (DE-588)4164199-1 gnd Mathematisches Modell (DE-588)4114528-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | klimaændringer Klimaänderung Mathematisches Modell |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=005283253&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV005848579 |
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