Introduction to clay minerals: chemistry, origins, uses and environmental significance
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London u.a.
Chapman & Hall
1992
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | VII, 198 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0412370301 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Introduction to clay minerals |b chemistry, origins, uses and environmental significance |c B. Velde |
| 250 | |a 1. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a London u.a. |b Chapman & Hall |c 1992 | |
| 300 | |a VII, 198 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
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| 650 | 4 | |a Clay |x Analysis | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface
vui
1 The clay perspective 1
1.1 What are clay minerals? 1
1.1.1 Basic nomenclature 1
1.1.2 Clay properties 2
1.2 Clay environments and the clay cycle 3
1.2.1 Weathering 4
1.2.2 Sedimentation 5
1.2.3 Deep-sea alteration 6
1.2.4 Burial diagenesis 7
1.2.5 Metamorphism 7
1.2.6 Hydrothermal alteration 7
1.2.7 Clay environments and the clay cycle 8
1.2.8 Kinetics 9
1.3 Clays as an interface in the environmental cycles 10
2 Tools 12
2.1 X-ray diffraction 12
2.1.1 Orientated clay specimens 13
2.1.2 Preparation of clays for XRD 14
2.1.3 Non-orientated clay specimens 17
2.1.4 XRD spectra 17
2.2 Thermo-gravimetric analysis 18
2.3 Differential thermal analysis 19
2.4 Infrared spectral analysis 20
2.5 Electron microscopes 23
2.5.1 Scanning electron microscope 23
2.5.2 Transmission electron microscopes 24
2.5.3 High-resolution transmission electron microscopes 29
2.6 Electron microprobe 29
vi Contents
2.7 Cation exchange capacity 34
2.8 Summary 36
2.9 References 36
3 Clays as minerals **
3.1 Structures 42
3.1.1 Basic units 42
3.1.2 Chemistry of the coordination units 46
3.1.3 Cell dimensions and ionic substitutions 47
3.1.4 Charge relations of polyhedra 50
3.1.5 Substitutions in coordination sites 50
3.2 Poly types 55
3.3 Clay mineral structures 57
3.3.1 2:1 structures 57
3.3.2 1:1 structures 60
3.3.3 2:1 + 1 structures (chlorites) 61
3.3.4 Generalizations 62
3.4 Clay mineral groups 68
3.4.1 Dioctahedral minerals 68
3.4.2 Trioctahedral minerals 76
3.4.3 1:1 dioctahedral clays (kaolinite, dickite, nacrite
halloysite) 79
3.4.4 1:1 trioctahedral minerals 80
3.4.5 2:1 + 1 minerals (14Â chlorites) 83
3.4.6 Sepiolite and palygorskite 85
3.4.7 Mixed-layer minerals 88
3.4.8 Oxides and hydroxides 93
3.4.9 Alkali zeolites . 95
3.5 Clay mineral identification 96
3.5.1 X-ray diffraction 96
3.5.2 Thermogravimetric analysis 98
3.5.3 Infrared spectra 100
4 Origin of clays 101
4.1 Mineral instabilities 102
4.1.1 Types of reaction 102
4.1.2 Hydrolysis 103
4.1.3 Activity diagrams 104
4.1.4 Alteration of phyllosilicates 109
4.1.5 Geological environments 109
4.1.6 Types of weathering profile in macrocrystalline rocks :
examples 124
Contents vii
4.1.7 Mineralogical control: weathering in phyllosilicate-
bearing rocks 135
4.1.8 Topographie effect 140
4.1.9 Erosion 142
4.1.10 Hydrothermal alteration 144
4.1.11 Deep-sea alteration and hydrothermal activity 146
4.2 Mineral stabilities 146
4.2.1 Precipitation reactions in soils 147
4.2.2 Sedimentary environment of clay genesis 148
4.2.3 Burial diagenesis 154
5 Uses of clays 164
5.1 Industrial uses 164
5.1.1 Chemical properties 164
5.1.2 Physical properties 171
5.2 Ceramics 172
5.2.1 The ceramic transformation process 173
5.2.2 Clay transformations on heating 174
5.2.3 Clay types in ceramics 175
6 Clays in the environment 177
6.1 Situation of clays in surface environments 177
6.1.1 Chemical pollution problems 178
6.1.2 Agricultural and industrial chemicals in the
environment 179
6.1.3 Summary 188
6.2 Nuclear waste disposal 189
6.2.1 The tree of choices in waste disposal 190
6.2.2 High-energy waste 192
6.3 General conclusion 195
Index 196
|
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| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie Geowissenschaften Geologie / Paläontologie Geographie |
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T17:13:02Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0412370301 |
| language | English |
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| physical | VII, 198 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1992 |
| publishDateSearch | 1992 |
| publishDateSort | 1992 |
| publisher | Chapman & Hall |
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| spelling | Velde, Bruce Verfasser (DE-588)120623013 aut Introduction to clay minerals chemistry, origins, uses and environmental significance B. Velde 1. ed. London u.a. Chapman & Hall 1992 VII, 198 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Klei gtt Clay minerals Clay Analysis Tonmineral (DE-588)4185687-9 gnd rswk-swf Tonmineralogie (DE-588)4185688-0 gnd rswk-swf Tonmineralogie (DE-588)4185688-0 s DE-604 Tonmineral (DE-588)4185687-9 s HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=005278456&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Velde, Bruce Introduction to clay minerals chemistry, origins, uses and environmental significance Klei gtt Clay minerals Clay Analysis Tonmineral (DE-588)4185687-9 gnd Tonmineralogie (DE-588)4185688-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4185687-9 (DE-588)4185688-0 |
| title | Introduction to clay minerals chemistry, origins, uses and environmental significance |
| title_auth | Introduction to clay minerals chemistry, origins, uses and environmental significance |
| title_exact_search | Introduction to clay minerals chemistry, origins, uses and environmental significance |
| title_full | Introduction to clay minerals chemistry, origins, uses and environmental significance B. Velde |
| title_fullStr | Introduction to clay minerals chemistry, origins, uses and environmental significance B. Velde |
| title_full_unstemmed | Introduction to clay minerals chemistry, origins, uses and environmental significance B. Velde |
| title_short | Introduction to clay minerals |
| title_sort | introduction to clay minerals chemistry origins uses and environmental significance |
| title_sub | chemistry, origins, uses and environmental significance |
| topic | Klei gtt Clay minerals Clay Analysis Tonmineral (DE-588)4185687-9 gnd Tonmineralogie (DE-588)4185688-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Klei Clay minerals Clay Analysis Tonmineral Tonmineralogie |
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