Principles and applications of hydrochemistry:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
London u.a.
Chapman and Hall
1985
|
| Edition: | 1. publ. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Literaturangaben |
| Physical Description: | X, 187 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0412250403 |
Staff View
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| 100 | 1 | |a Eriksson, Erik |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Principles and applications of hydrochemistry |
| 250 | |a 1. publ. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a London u.a. |b Chapman and Hall |c 1985 | |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Titel: Principles and applications of hydrochemistry
Autor: Eriksson, Erik
Jahr: 1985
Contents
Preface page ix
1 Introduction 1
2 Principles of hydrochemistry 3
2.1 Chemical concepts 3
2.1.1 Water as a chemical substance 3
2.1.2 Dissolution of chemical substances in water 4
2.1.3 Ionic exchange and sorption 7
2.1.4 Oxidation-reduction 9
2.1.5 Measures and units in hydrochemistry 11
2.2 Physical chemistry applied to natural waters 12
2.2.1 The law of mass action 12
2.2.2 The ionic product of water 16
2.2.3 Gas-liquid equilibria 17
2.2.4 Dissociation of weak acids 20
2.2.5 Liquid-solid equilibria 22
2.2.6 Oxidation-reduction equilibria 25
References 30
Further reading 31
3 Chemical processes in the water cycle 32
3.1 Deposition of soluble substances by rain and snow, fog and 34
rime, and by dry deposition
3.1.1 Origin of dissolved substances in rain and snow 35
3.1.2 Composition of precipitation 35
3.1.3 Analysis of the data 36
3.1.4 Wet deposition 40
3.1.5 Deposition by fog and rime 42
3.1.6 Dry deposition 42
Contents
3.1.7 Exudation by vegetation 43
? 3.1.8 Deposition through leaching and decay of litter 44
3.1.9 Effects of human activity on deposition of chemical
constituents 44
3.2 Processes in the root zone in groundwater recharge areas 45
3.2.1 The root zone 45
3.2.2 Effects of evapotranspiration on dissolved salts 47
3.2.3 The oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange,
atmosphere-soil 49
3.2.4 Chemical weathering in the root zone 52
3.2.5 Effects of changing biological activity in the soil 53
3.2.6 Effects of water-logging 53
3.3 Processes in the intermediate zone 55
3.3.1 Definitions and hydrological concepts 55
3.3.2 Gas exchange, intermediate zone-root zone 57
3.3.3 Chemical reactions in the intermediate zone 57
3.3.4 Mineralogical zonation 62
3.4 Processes in the water saturated zone (groundwater) 62
3.4.1 The solid matrix of the saturated zone 63
3.4.2 Gas exchange between the intermediate zone and the
saturated zone 65
3.4.3 Chemical reactions in the saturated zone 66
3.5 Processes in groundwater discharge areas 79
3.5.1 Definition and description of discharge areas 79
3.5.2 Effects of evapotranspiration on dissolved salts 80
3.5.3 Calcite precipitation in groundwater discharge areas 81
3.5.4 Oxidation-reduction processes in groundwater
; discharge areas 84
¡ 3.5.5 Ionic exchange in groundwater discharge areas 86
3.5.6 Dissolution of organic matter in groundwater
discharge areas 87
3.6 Processes in lakes and water courses 87
3.6.1 Definitions 87
3.6.2 Chemical processes in surface waters 87
3.6.3 Effects of biological processes 88
3.6.4 Concluding remarks 89
References %
Further reading 91
4 Models of reservoirs and the flux of chemical constituents 92
in basins
4.1 Concepts and definitions 92
vi
Contents
4.2 A conceptual lumped budget model for groundwater recharge 95
areas
4.3 A conceptual lumped budget model for groundwater 97
discharge areas
4.4 Distributed models and their limitations 99
References 102
Further reading 102
5 Environmental isotopes in hydrology and hydrochemistry 103
5.1 Radioactive isotopes of hydrogen, carbon and chloride 104
5.1.1 Tritium 104
5.1.2 Radioactive carbon, 14C 107
5.1.3 Radioactive chlorine, 36C1 112
5.2 Stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen 113
References 114
Further reading 115
6 Applications of hydrochemistry and environmental isotopes 116
6.1 Hydrochemical monitoring 116
6.1.1 Selection of sampling intervals 117
6.1.2 Selection of sampling points 119
6.1.3 Data analysis 120
6.2 Chemical budgets of basins 144
6.2.1 Sampling problems 145
6.2.2 Budget calculations 146
6.2.3 Information from chloride budget studies 153
Use of chloride and environmental isotopes in groundwater
investigations 154
6.3.1 Calculation of groundwater recharge rates from
chloride concentrations in groundwater 154
6.3.2 Computation of groundwater recharge from
hydrochemical data and groundwater flow patterns 162
6.3.3 Interpretation of hydrochemistry patterns in
groundwater in semi-arid climates 164
6.3.4 14C-dating of groundwater 167
6.3.5 The origins of groundwater as derived from
hydrochemistry and stable isotopes 168
6.3.6 Study of the run-off process using environmental
isotopes 169
6.4 The effects of acid deposition 169
6.4.1 The hydrogen ion budget of the vegetation-root zone
system in groundwater recharge areas 170
vii
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| spelling | Eriksson, Erik Verfasser aut Principles and applications of hydrochemistry 1. publ. London u.a. Chapman and Hall 1985 X, 187 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturangaben Eau - Chimie ram Eau douce - Analyse ram Water chemistry Hydrochemie (DE-588)4072678-2 gnd rswk-swf Hydrochemie (DE-588)4072678-2 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=004848592&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Eriksson, Erik Principles and applications of hydrochemistry Eau - Chimie ram Eau douce - Analyse ram Water chemistry Hydrochemie (DE-588)4072678-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4072678-2 |
| title | Principles and applications of hydrochemistry |
| title_auth | Principles and applications of hydrochemistry |
| title_exact_search | Principles and applications of hydrochemistry |
| title_full | Principles and applications of hydrochemistry |
| title_fullStr | Principles and applications of hydrochemistry |
| title_full_unstemmed | Principles and applications of hydrochemistry |
| title_short | Principles and applications of hydrochemistry |
| title_sort | principles and applications of hydrochemistry |
| topic | Eau - Chimie ram Eau douce - Analyse ram Water chemistry Hydrochemie (DE-588)4072678-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Eau - Chimie Eau douce - Analyse Water chemistry Hydrochemie |
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