Perception: a cognitive stage approach
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York u.a.
McGraw-Hill
1976
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schriftenreihe: | McGraw-Hill series in psychology.
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 413 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0070216207 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Perception |b a cognitive stage approach |c Ronald H. Forgus ; Lawrence E. Melamed |
| 250 | |a 2. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a New York u.a. |b McGraw-Hill |c 1976 | |
| 300 | |a XIV, 413 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
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| 490 | 0 | |a McGraw-Hill series in psychology. | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Perception | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Perception | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804121676327157760 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Perception
Autor: Forgus, Ronald H.
Jahr: 1976
Contents
Preface xiii
1 Perception as an Information-Extraction Process 1
Definition of Perception 1
A Phylogenetic Perspective 2
Relationship between Perception, Learning, and Thinking 3
Interrelationship of the Processes 6
Information-Processing Approaches to Perception 7
I Sensory Transduction 9
II Sensory Register 10
IMA Short-Term Memory (STM) 12
1MB Long-Term Memory (LTM) 12
IV Response 13
Evaluation of Our Perceptual Model 13
Historical Context 14
Plan of the Book 15
Summary 16
2 Hierarchical Organization of Perceptual Tasks 17
Difference between Recognition and Identification 18
Differences in the Amount of Stimulus Energy Required
to Accomplish Perceptual Tasks 18
vii
Early Studies Which Suggest a Gross Hierarchy 19
Elaborating Studies from Brightness or Figural Unity
to Identified Form 20
Time for Information Processing at Different Levels 23
Word and Letter Identification 24
Processing Time and Stimulus Information 26
Learning and Perceptual Experiences 28
Summary 30
3 Sensory Psychophysics 31
Classical Psychophysical Methods 32
Method of Limits 33
Method of Constant Stimuli 34
Method of Adjustment 37
Evaluating the Threshold Concept 37
Signal-Detection Theory 38
Elements of TSD 39
Weber s Law and the Problem of a Psychophysical Scale 46
Psychophysical Laws 46
Fechner s Law 46
Power Law 48
Evaluation of the Psychophysical Laws and Theoretical Interpretations 51
Summary 52
4 Sensory Physiology of Vision 53
Visual Stimulus 53
Visual Receptors 55
Photochemistry of Rods and Cones 56
Neural Processes in Vision 59
Retinal Processes 59
Ganglion-Cell Responses 61
Postretinal Processes 63
Summary 71
5 Visual Psychophysics 72
Visual Sensitivity Functions 72
Spatiotemporal Factors in Vision 74
Adaptation 75
Temporal Resolution: Flicker 77
Spatial Inhibition: Mach Bands 79
Color Vision 80
Dimensions of Color 81
Color Mixing 82
Color Systems 82
Deficiencies in Color Vision 84
Theories of Color Vision 86
Summary 90
6 Audition 92
Auditory Stimulus 92
Physical Parameters 97
Anatomy of the Ear 100
Auditory Nervous System 100
Central Auditory Pathways 100
Responses of the Auditory Nerve 100
Sub-cortical Auditory Centers 102
Auditory Cortex 103
Theories of Hearing 103
Frequency Theories 103
Place Theory 104
An Evaluation of the Place and Volley Theories 106
Auditory Psychophysics 107
Sensitivity Functions 107
Masking 110
Classification of Auditory Sensations 113
Auditory Space Perception: Sound Localization 116
Acoustical Cues for Sound Localization 116
Intensity as a Cue: The Interaural Intensity Difference 117
Temporal Cues 117
Role of Head Movements in Localization 119
Pinnae and Sound Localization 120
Neurophysiological Correlates of Sound Localization 120
Summary 121
7 Context for Brightness and Color Constancy 123
Functional or Adaptive Significance of Perceptual Constancies 124
Designating Perceptual Constancies 124
Two Experiments: Organization of Size Constancy at a Higher
Level than Brightness Constancy 125
Brightness and Color Constancy 129
Early Phenomenological Description 129
Maintenance of Brightness Constancy when Illumination Conditions
Provide Information about Relative Albedos 130
Destruction of Brightness Constancy under Obscured Illumination
Conditions 132
Contributing Field Factors 133
Contextual Framework for Evaluating Contrast Explanations 137
Reflectance Ratios in the Context of the Albedo 141
Organismic Factors and Subjective Set 142
Physiological Explanation 144
Summary 145
8 How Size and Shape Constancy Are Mediated 146
Nature of Size Constancy 146
Determination of Size Constancy 147
Measurement of Size Constancy and the Brunswik Ratio 147
Relationship between Perceived Size and Physical Distance 148
How the Distance Variable is Involved 150
Methods and Attitudes Affect Size-Distance Relationships 153
Naturalistic Research Further Considered: Attitude and Information 156
Conclusions on Size Constancy 159
Shape Constancy: Methods, Data, and Theory 160
Application of the Brunswik Ratio in Determining the Index
of Phenomenal Regression 160
Dependency of Shape Constancy on Spatial Cues 162
How the Orientation Factor Might Be Engaged: Innate and
Experiential Determiners 163
Comparison of the Perceptual Constancies 166
Influence of Age, Development, and Learning on the Constancies 166
Summary 169
9 Emergence and Organization of Figure 170
Homogeneous Field or Ganzfeld 171
Autokinetic Effect 172
Figure-Ground Phenomena: Primitiveness and Instability of
Figural Unity 172
Attempts to Make the Figure More Stable 174
Gestalt Laws of Perceptual Organization: Grouping and Figural Unity 177
Law of Pragnanz 178
Generalization of the Gestalt Laws 178
Contributions from Information Theory 183
Summary 190
10 Information Processing Part One: Form Perception and
Pattern Recognition 192
Metrics of Form 194
Coding Mechanisms for Form 200
Theory of Feature Analysis 200
Schemata or Prototype Theory 201
Perception as Information Processing 205
Sensory Register 207
Extraction of Stimulus Information from the Icon 213
Neurophysiology and Information Processing in Perception 220
Summary 225
11 Information Processing Part Two: Attention and Illusions 226
Attention 226
Stimulus and Eye-Movement Factors in Attention 227
Central or Internal Factors 229
Illusions 234
Figural Aftereffects 234
Geometric Illusions 242
Summary 247
12 Perceptual Learning and Development 248
Theoretical Perspective 248
Plasticity of Innate Perceptual Capacities 250
Innate Structural Organization in the Cortex 251
Sensory-Deprivation Effects 253
Form Discrimination from Stabilized Retinal Images 254
Experiential Deprivation Studies 256
Differential Perceptual Sets and Differential Experience 258
Developmental Studies 260
Response Specificity and Feature Differentiation 264
Five Trends in Perceptual Development 267
Summary 270
13 Space Perception 271
Two-dimensional Space: Experiments and Principles 272
Interaction between Visual and Proprioceptive Determiners
of the Perceived Vertical and Horizontal 273
Individual Differences in Visual-Proprioceptive Determination 273
Dominant Visual Framework 274
Increasing Importance of Proprioceptive Stimulation in a Reduced
Visual Framework 275
Adaptation to an Optically Rearranged Spatial Environment 276
Three-dimensional Space 284
Primary Cues 284
Secondary Cues: Gradients 291
Gradient Theory of Space Perception 293
Other Secondary Cues 296
Interaction and Utilization of Cues 299
Summary 305
14 The Perception of Movement and Events 306
Perspective Reversal and Rotary Motion 306
Real and Apparent Motion 309
Organization of the Perception of Real Movement 310
Thresholds of Velocity and Displacement and Velocity Constancy 310
Tests of Three Hypotheses of Motion 313
Apparent Movement 316
Spatiotemporal Relationships and Interresponse Interval 316
Configurational Effects 318
Mechanics of Coding Information for Movement 320
Gibson s Theory of Relative Transformation of the Ambient Array 321
Motion-Detection System of Successive Retinal Stimulation 321
Integration of Motor and Visual Information 323
Motion and Event Perception 323
Kinetic Depth Effect 325
Summary 326
15 Social Perception, Motives, and Personality 328
Perception of Social Events: Causality, Intentionality, and Motives 329
Michotte s Work on Phenomenal Causality 329
Person Perception or Social Cognition 332
Nonverbal Communication 333
Recognition of Facial Expression of Emotions: Clinical and Cultural
Aspects 335
Cultural Influences 338
Processing of Personality-Relevant Information 340
Cognitive Congruence Explanation of Defense 343
Summary 349
16 Retrospect and Prospect 351
Cognitive Transformation of Needs to Motives • 352
Emotional Components of Cognitive Set 354
Bibliography 359
Index 359
|
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| language | English |
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| spelling | Forgus, Ronald H. Verfasser aut Perception a cognitive stage approach Ronald H. Forgus ; Lawrence E. Melamed 2. ed. New York u.a. McGraw-Hill 1976 XIV, 413 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier McGraw-Hill series in psychology. Perception Wahrnehmungspsychologie (DE-588)4079011-3 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4151278-9 Einführung gnd-content Wahrnehmungspsychologie (DE-588)4079011-3 s DE-604 Melamed, Lawrence E. Verfasser aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=004799465&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Forgus, Ronald H. Melamed, Lawrence E. Perception a cognitive stage approach Perception Wahrnehmungspsychologie (DE-588)4079011-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4079011-3 (DE-588)4151278-9 |
| title | Perception a cognitive stage approach |
| title_auth | Perception a cognitive stage approach |
| title_exact_search | Perception a cognitive stage approach |
| title_full | Perception a cognitive stage approach Ronald H. Forgus ; Lawrence E. Melamed |
| title_fullStr | Perception a cognitive stage approach Ronald H. Forgus ; Lawrence E. Melamed |
| title_full_unstemmed | Perception a cognitive stage approach Ronald H. Forgus ; Lawrence E. Melamed |
| title_short | Perception |
| title_sort | perception a cognitive stage approach |
| title_sub | a cognitive stage approach |
| topic | Perception Wahrnehmungspsychologie (DE-588)4079011-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Perception Wahrnehmungspsychologie Einführung |
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