The use of restricted significance tests in clinical trials:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York u.a.
Springer
1992
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Springer series in statistics
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverz. S. 161 - 170 |
| Beschreibung: | X, 173 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0387977988 3540977988 |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV007230262 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20151105 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 930503s1992 d||| |||| 00||| eng d | ||
| 020 | |a 0387977988 |9 0-387-97798-8 | ||
| 020 | |a 3540977988 |9 3-540-97798-8 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)25247143 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV007230262 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rakddb | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a eng | |
| 049 | |a DE-739 |a DE-19 |a DE-945 |a DE-824 |a DE-706 |a DE-83 | ||
| 050 | 0 | |a R853.C55 | |
| 082 | 0 | |a 610/.72 |2 20 | |
| 084 | |a QH 233 |0 (DE-625)141548: |2 rvk | ||
| 084 | |a QH 250 |0 (DE-625)141560: |2 rvk | ||
| 084 | |a SK 830 |0 (DE-625)143259: |2 rvk | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Salsburg, David |d 1931- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)138345899 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The use of restricted significance tests in clinical trials |c David S. Salsburg |
| 264 | 1 | |a New York u.a. |b Springer |c 1992 | |
| 300 | |a X, 173 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 0 | |a Springer series in statistics | |
| 500 | |a Literaturverz. S. 161 - 170 | ||
| 650 | 7 | |a Etudes cliniques - Méthodes statistiques |2 ram | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Statistik | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Clinical trials |x Statistical methods | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Models, Statistical | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Probability Theory |v Statistics | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic |v Statistics | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic |x methods |v Statistics | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Randomisierter Test |0 (DE-588)4294178-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Klinische Prüfung |0 (DE-588)4031192-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Medizin |0 (DE-588)4038243-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Signifikanztest |0 (DE-588)4054949-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Klinische Prüfung |0 (DE-588)4031192-2 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Randomisierter Test |0 (DE-588)4294178-7 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 689 | 1 | 0 | |a Signifikanztest |0 (DE-588)4054949-5 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | 1 | |a Medizin |0 (DE-588)4038243-6 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m HBZ Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=004631292&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-004631292 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804121444010950656 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface v
PART ONE Philosophical and Scientific Problems when Applying
Statistical Methods to Clinical Data
CHAPTER 1
The Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial 3
1.1. RCTs as Scientific Experiments 3
1.2. Statistical Considerations 5
1.3. The Overall Plan of This Book 7
1.3.1. Foundations 7
1.3.2. Mathematical Models 8
1.3.3. The Tools of Analysis 8
CHAPTER 2
Probability Models and Clinical Medicine 10
2.1. What Is Probability? 10
2.2. The First Use of Significance Tests by Pearson 12
2.3. Fisher s Contribution 13
2.4. The Neyman Pearson Formulation 17
CHAPTER 3
Significance Tests Versus Hypothesis Tests 22
3.1. Fisher s Views of the Neyman Pearson Formulation 22
3.2. Problems with the Frequentist Definition of Probability 24
3.3. Significance Testing Versus Hypothesis Testing 26
3.4. Philosophical Problems 27
3.4.1. Salvaging Neyman s Insights 29
vii
viii Contents
CHAPTER 4
Neyman s Insights 30
4.1. Restricted Tests 30
4.2. Confidence Intervals 34
4.3. The Meaning of Probability, Again 36
CHAPTER 5
Reconciling Fisher and Neyman 39
5.1. What Has Been Developed So Far 39
5.2. The RCT as an Experiment in Medical Science 39
5.3. Probability as a Measure of Belief 43
PART TWO Techniques for Applying Restricted Tests to Data
from Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials
CHAPTER 6
Continuous Measures Taken over Time 49
6.1. An Example 49
6.2. Restricted Tests Based on Observations over Time 52
6.2.1. General Methodology 52
6.2.2. Acute Response over Time: Bronchodilator Example 54
6.2.3. A Single Measure for Change over Time 56
6.2.4. Summing Up 59
CHAPTER 7
Combining Data Across Measures 60
7.1. An Example 60
7.2. Reducing Many Measures to a Few 65
7.2.1. General Methodology 65
7.2.2. Combining Measures in the Same Scale 66
7.2.3. Combining Measures with Different Scales 68
7.3. Treating Many Measures as a Vector 70
7.3.1. General Principles 70
7.3.2. The Multivariate Normal Distribution 71
7.3.3. Nonparametric Multivariate Methods 73
7.3.3.1. Nearest Neighbor Tests 74
7.3.3.2. Projection Tests 75
CHAPTER 8
Counts of Events 78
8.1. An Example 78
8.2. The Advantages of Blocking 81
8.3. Methods for Classifying Patients in Blocks 82
8.4. Trend Tests 85
8.5. Weighted Categories 87
Contents ix
CHAPTER 9
Permutation Tests and Resampling Techniques 89
9.1. Permutation Tests 89
9.2. Resampling 91
9.2.1. General Comments 91
9.2.2. The Jackknife 92
9.2.3. The Bootstrap 94
9.3. Afterthoughts 96
CHAPTER 10
Neyman s Restricted Chi Square Tests 97
10.1. Introduction 97
10.2. Constructing a Restricted Test 98
10.3. Restricted Chi Square Tests 100
10.4. An Example 100
CHAPTER 11
Miscellaneous Methods for Increasing Power 104
11.1. General Principles 104
11.2. Normal Theory Tests 104
11.2.1. Heterogeneity of Variance 106
11.2.2. Transformations of the Data 107
11.2.3. Alternative Estimates of Variance 109
11.3. Nonparametric Tests 110
11.3.1. General Principles 110
11.3.2. Testing for Heterogeneity of Variance 111
11.3.3. Hajek Type Tests 111
11.3.4. Generalized Thompson Tests 113
CHAPTER 12
Bayesian Estimation 115
12.1. A Little Probability Theory 115
12.2. The Arguments for Bayesian Analysis 118
12.3. Neyman s Bayesian Derivation of Confidence Intervals 119
12.4. What Can Be Calculated and What Cannot? 121
12.4.1. The Mean of a Normal Distribution 122
12.4.2. The Probability of a Binomial Distribution 123
12.5. Empirical Bayes Procedures 124
12.6. The Role of Bayesian Methods in Clinical Research 125
CHAPTER 13
An Example of the Type of Analysis Suggested in This Book 126
13.1. The Study 126
13.2. The Expected Results 134
13.3. Constructing an Overall Powerful Significance Test 135
13.4. Dropouts 137
13.5. The One Overall Significance Test 138
x Contents
13.6. Alternative Methods of Analysis 142
13.6.1. Blocking on Baseline Characteristics to Get More
Homogeneous Blocks 142
13.6.2. Analysis of Maximum and Dominant Symptom 143
13.7. Life Beyond Significance 150
13.7.1. Interval Estimates of the Mean 151
13.7.2. Medically Meaningful Interval Estimates 153
13.7.3. Interval Estimates Based on Nonparametric Tests 157
13.8. Further Exploration 158
References 161
Index 171
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Salsburg, David 1931- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)138345899 |
| author_facet | Salsburg, David 1931- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Salsburg, David 1931- |
| author_variant | d s ds |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV007230262 |
| callnumber-first | R - Medicine |
| callnumber-label | R853 |
| callnumber-raw | R853.C55 |
| callnumber-search | R853.C55 |
| callnumber-sort | R 3853 C55 |
| callnumber-subject | R - General Medicine |
| classification_rvk | QH 233 QH 250 SK 830 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)25247143 (DE-599)BVBBV007230262 |
| dewey-full | 610/.72 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 610 - Medicine and health |
| dewey-raw | 610/.72 |
| dewey-search | 610/.72 |
| dewey-sort | 3610 272 |
| dewey-tens | 610 - Medicine and health |
| discipline | Mathematik Wirtschaftswissenschaften Medizin |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>02254nam a2200565 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV007230262</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20151105 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">930503s1992 d||| |||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">0387977988</subfield><subfield code="9">0-387-97798-8</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">3540977988</subfield><subfield code="9">3-540-97798-8</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)25247143</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV007230262</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rakddb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-739</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-19</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-945</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-824</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-706</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-83</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">R853.C55</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">610/.72</subfield><subfield code="2">20</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">QH 233</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)141548:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">QH 250</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)141560:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SK 830</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)143259:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Salsburg, David</subfield><subfield code="d">1931-</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)138345899</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">The use of restricted significance tests in clinical trials</subfield><subfield code="c">David S. Salsburg</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">New York u.a.</subfield><subfield code="b">Springer</subfield><subfield code="c">1992</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">X, 173 S.</subfield><subfield code="b">graph. Darst.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="490" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Springer series in statistics</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Literaturverz. S. 161 - 170</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Etudes cliniques - Méthodes statistiques</subfield><subfield code="2">ram</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Statistik</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Clinical trials</subfield><subfield code="x">Statistical methods</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Models, Statistical</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Probability Theory</subfield><subfield code="v">Statistics</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic</subfield><subfield code="v">Statistics</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic</subfield><subfield code="x">methods</subfield><subfield code="v">Statistics</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Randomisierter Test</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4294178-7</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Klinische Prüfung</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4031192-2</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Medizin</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4038243-6</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Signifikanztest</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4054949-5</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Klinische Prüfung</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4031192-2</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Randomisierter Test</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4294178-7</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Signifikanztest</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4054949-5</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Medizin</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4038243-6</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">HBZ Datenaustausch</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=004631292&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-004631292</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| id | DE-604.BV007230262 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T16:58:04Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0387977988 3540977988 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-004631292 |
| oclc_num | 25247143 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-739 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-945 DE-824 DE-706 DE-83 |
| owner_facet | DE-739 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-945 DE-824 DE-706 DE-83 |
| physical | X, 173 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1992 |
| publishDateSearch | 1992 |
| publishDateSort | 1992 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Springer series in statistics |
| spelling | Salsburg, David 1931- Verfasser (DE-588)138345899 aut The use of restricted significance tests in clinical trials David S. Salsburg New York u.a. Springer 1992 X, 173 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Springer series in statistics Literaturverz. S. 161 - 170 Etudes cliniques - Méthodes statistiques ram Statistik Clinical trials Statistical methods Models, Statistical Probability Theory Statistics Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Statistics Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic methods Statistics Randomisierter Test (DE-588)4294178-7 gnd rswk-swf Klinische Prüfung (DE-588)4031192-2 gnd rswk-swf Medizin (DE-588)4038243-6 gnd rswk-swf Signifikanztest (DE-588)4054949-5 gnd rswk-swf Klinische Prüfung (DE-588)4031192-2 s Randomisierter Test (DE-588)4294178-7 s DE-604 Signifikanztest (DE-588)4054949-5 s Medizin (DE-588)4038243-6 s HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=004631292&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Salsburg, David 1931- The use of restricted significance tests in clinical trials Etudes cliniques - Méthodes statistiques ram Statistik Clinical trials Statistical methods Models, Statistical Probability Theory Statistics Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Statistics Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic methods Statistics Randomisierter Test (DE-588)4294178-7 gnd Klinische Prüfung (DE-588)4031192-2 gnd Medizin (DE-588)4038243-6 gnd Signifikanztest (DE-588)4054949-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4294178-7 (DE-588)4031192-2 (DE-588)4038243-6 (DE-588)4054949-5 |
| title | The use of restricted significance tests in clinical trials |
| title_auth | The use of restricted significance tests in clinical trials |
| title_exact_search | The use of restricted significance tests in clinical trials |
| title_full | The use of restricted significance tests in clinical trials David S. Salsburg |
| title_fullStr | The use of restricted significance tests in clinical trials David S. Salsburg |
| title_full_unstemmed | The use of restricted significance tests in clinical trials David S. Salsburg |
| title_short | The use of restricted significance tests in clinical trials |
| title_sort | the use of restricted significance tests in clinical trials |
| topic | Etudes cliniques - Méthodes statistiques ram Statistik Clinical trials Statistical methods Models, Statistical Probability Theory Statistics Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Statistics Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic methods Statistics Randomisierter Test (DE-588)4294178-7 gnd Klinische Prüfung (DE-588)4031192-2 gnd Medizin (DE-588)4038243-6 gnd Signifikanztest (DE-588)4054949-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Etudes cliniques - Méthodes statistiques Statistik Clinical trials Statistical methods Models, Statistical Probability Theory Statistics Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Statistics Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic methods Statistics Randomisierter Test Klinische Prüfung Medizin Signifikanztest |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=004631292&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT salsburgdavid theuseofrestrictedsignificancetestsinclinicaltrials |