Holdings: Synoptic-dynamic meteorology in midlatitudes

Synoptic-dynamic meteorology in midlatitudes: 1 Principles of kinematics and dynamics

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Bluestein, Howard B. (Author)
Format:	Book
Language:	English
Published:	New York u.a. Oxford Univ. Press 1992
Online Access:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Physical Description:	XIII, 431 S. Ill., zahlr. graph. Darst., Kt.
ISBN:	0195062671

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MARC


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adam_text	SYNOPTIC-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY IN MIDLATITUDES VOLUME I PRINCIPLES OF KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS HOWARD B. BLUESTEIN NEW YORK OXFORD OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 1992 CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 3 1.1 WHAT IS SYNOPTIC METEOROLOGY? 3 1.1.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 3 1.1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENA 5 1.1.3 ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENA AS FRACTALS 7 1.1.4 THE ROLE OF OBSERVATIONS AND THEORY 7 1.1.5 THE MYSTERY OF SYNOPTIC METEOROLOGY 11 1.1.6 THE ORGANIZATION OF THIS TEXT 15 1.2 UNITS AND VARIABLES 15 1.2.1 THE MKS SYSTEM 15 1.2.2 THE MTS SYSTEM 16 1.2.3 OTHER USEFUL CONVERSION FACTORS 17 1.3 COORDINATE SYSTEMS 17 1.3.1 CARTESIAN COORDINATES 17 1.3.2 NATURAL COORDINATES 18 1.3.3 THE REPRESENTATION OF THE WIND FIELD 19 1.3.4 PRESSURE COORDINATES 21 1.3.5 ISENTROPIC COORDINATES 22 1.3.6 A COORDINATES 24 1.3.7 INVARIANCE 25 1.3.8 THE TOTAL DERIVATIVE 25 NOTE 28 REFERENCES 28 2. SCALAR FIELDS AND THEIR KINEMATICS 32 2.1 THE PRESSURE (HEIGHT) FIELD 32 2.1.1 WHAT IS KINEMATICS? 32 2.1.2 A DESCRIPTION OF FEATURES IN THE PRESSURE (HEIGHT) FIELD 33 2.1.3 ANALYSIS OF THE PRESSURE (HEIGHT) FIELD 43 2.1.4 KINEMATICS OF THE PRESSURE (HEIGHT) FIELD 47 2.1.5 THE HYDROSTATIC EQUATION AND THE REDUCTION OF PRESSURE TO A REFERENCE LEVEL 57 2.2 THE TEMPERATURE AND MOISTURE FIELDS 64 2.3 THE MEASUREMENT OF SCALAR FIELDS 64 2.3.1 INTRODUCTION 64 2.3.2 THE MEASUREMENT OF PRESSURE 68 2.3.3 THE MEASUREMENT OF HEIGHT 68 X CONTENTS 2.3.4 THE MEASUREMENT OF TEMPERATURE 68 2.3.5 THE MEASUREMENT OF HUMIDITY 69 2.3.6 CLOUDS 70 2.3.7 THE MEASUREMENT OF PRECIPITATION 70 2.3.8 INSTRUMENT PLATFORMS 73 NOTES 74 REFERENCES 74 PROBLEMS 77 3. KINEMATICS OF THE WIND FIELD 81 3.1 PROPERTIES OF THE HORIZONTAL WIND FIELD 81 3.1.1 THE DECOMPOSITION OF A LINEAR WIND FIELD 81 3.1.2 TRANSLATION 87 3.1.3 DIVERGENCE 87 3.1.4 VORTICITY 92 3.1.5 DEFORMATION 99 3.1.6 SUMMARY 107 3.1.7 TRAJECTORIES 109 3.2 THE COMPUTATION OF DIVERGENCE, VORTICITY, AND DEFORMATION 113 3.2.1 THE EXPRESSIONS FOR DIVERGENCE, VORTICITY, AND DEFORMATION ON THE EARTH S SURFACE 113 3.2.2 FINITE-DIFFERENCE COMPUTATIONS 114 3.2.3 INTEGRAL COMPUTATIONS OF DIVERGENCE, VORTICITY, AND DEFORMATION 120 3.2.4 THE LINEAR VECTOR POINT FUNCTION METHOD 123 3.3 PROPERTIES OF THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL WIND FIELD 124 3.4 MEASURING THE WIND FIELD 129 3.4.1 INTRODUCTION 129 3.4.2 WIND-MEASURING INSTRUMENTS: DEPENDENCE OF THE PROPERTIES OF AN OBJECT UPON WIND SPEED 131 3.4.3 WIND-MEASURING INSTRUMENTS: THE TRACKING OF TRACERS MOVING WITH THE HORIZONTAL COMPONENT OF THE WIND 132 NOTES 146 REFERENCES 146 PROBLEMS 148 4. ELEMENTARY ATMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS AND THERMODYNAMICS 153 4.1 THE LAW OF MOTION 153 4.1.1 THE EQUATION OF FLUID MOTION ON A ROTATING SPHERE: VECTOR FORM 153 CONTENTS 4.1.2 THE EQUATIONS OF FLUID MOTION ON A ROTATING SPHERE: SCALAR FORM 162 4.1.3 THE GEOSTROPHIC WIND 171 4.1.4 THE ISALLOBARIC WIND AND THE INERTIAL-ADVECTIVE WIND 173 4.1.5 THE EQUATIONS OF MOTION IN NATURAL COORDINATES 175 4.1.6 THE THERMAL WIND 182 4.2 THE EQUATION OF CONTINUITY 190 4.2.1 THE EQUATION OF CONTINUITY IN HEIGHT COORDINATES 190 4.2.2 THE EQUATION OF CONTINUITY IN PRESSURE COORDINATES 192 4.2.3 THE EQUATION OF CONTINUITY IN ISENTROPIC COORDINATES 193 4.2.4 THE KINEMATIC BOUNDARY CONDITION 194 4.2.5 THE DYNAMIC BOUNDARY CONDITION 195 4.3 THE THERMODYNAMIC EQUATION 195 4.3.1 DRY THERMODYNAMICS 195 4.3.2 MOIST THERMODYNAMICS 200 4.4 FRICTION 224 4.4.1 MOLECULAR FRICTION 224 4.4.2 TURBULENT FRICTION 228 4.4.3 THE SURFACE BOUNDARY LAYER 234 4.4.4 THE FRICTION LAYER 236 4.4.5 THE TURBULENT TRANSPORT OF GENERAL QUANTITIES 244 4.4.6 THE ANTITRIPTIC WIND 247 4.5 THE VORTICITY EQUATION 247 4.5.1 DERIVATION OF THE VORTICITY EQUATION IN HEIGHT COORDINATES 247 4.5.2 THE BJERKNES AND KELVIN CIRCULATION THEOREMS 251 4.5.3 PHYSICAL INTERPRETATION OF THE VORTICITY EQUATION AND THE CIRCULATION THEOREMS 254 4.5.4 THE VORTICITY EQUATION IN PRESSURE COORDINATES 259 4.5.5 THE VORTICITY EQUATION IN ISENTROPIC COORDINATES AND ERTEL S POTENTIAL VORTICITY 262 4.5.6 THE HORIZONTAL VORTICITY EQUATION 268 4.5.7 THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL VORTICITY EQUATION IN A COMPRESSIBLE ATMOSPHERE 270 4.6 ENERGETICS 272 4.7 THERMODYNAMIC RETRIEVAL 275 REFERENCES 277 PROBLEMS 280 XII CONTENTS 5. QUASIGEOSTROPHIC THEORY 282 5.1 INTRODUCTION 282 5.2 ESTIMATING THE TERMS IN THE VORTICITY AND THERMODYNAMIC EQUATIONS 285 5.2.1 SUBSTITUTION OF THE ANALYTICAL-MODEL EQUATIONS INTO THE VORTICITY AND THERMODYNAMIC EQUATIONS 286 5.2.2 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN W AND 296 5.2.3 THE KINEMATIC BOUNDARY CONDITIONS FOR MIDLATITUDE, SYNOPTIC-SCALE SYSTEMS 301 5.2.4 A SIMPLIFIED VORTICITY EQUATION 303 5.2.5 THE THERMODYNAMIC EQUATION FOR SYNOPTIC-SCALE SYSTEMS IN THE MIDLATITUDES 305 5.2.6 THE EFFECTS OF DIABATIC HEATING AND STATIC STABILITY 306 5.3 ESTIMATING VERTICAL MOTION FROM THE OBSERVED WIND AND MASS FIELDS 313 5.3.1 THE KINEMATIC METHOD 313 5.3.2 THE ADIABATIC METHOD 316 5.3.3 THE VORTICITY METHOD 319 5.3.4 SATELLITE INFRARED PHOTOGRAPH TECHNIQUE 320 5.4 ESTIMATING LOCAL HEIGHT TENDENCIES FROM THE OBSERVED WIND AND MASS FIELDS 320 5.5 THE QUASIGEOSTROPHIC VORTICITY AND THERMODYNAMIC EQUATIONS 323 5.5.1 THE QUASIGEOSTROPHIC APPROXIMATION 323 5.5.2 THE QUASIGEOSTROPHIC VORTICITY AND THERMODYNAMIC EQUATIONS 325 5.5.3 THE QUASIGEOSTROPHIC EQUATIONS OF MOTION 327 5.6 DERIVATION OF THE QUASIGEOSTROPHIC W AND HEIGHT-TENDENCY EQUATIONS 327 5.6.1 THE QUASIGEOSTROPHIC VORTICITY AND THERMODYNAMIC EQUATIONS EXPRESSED IN TERMS OF THE HEIGHT FIELD 327 5.6.2 THE QUASIGEOSTROPHIC EQUATION 328 5.6.3 THE QUASIGEOSTROPHIC HEIGHT-TENDENCY EQUATION 329 5.6.4 THE QUASIGEOSTROPHIC EQUATION AND HEIGHT-TENDENCY EQUATION WITH DIABATIC HEATING AND FRICTION 330 5.7 INTERPRETATION OF THE QUASIGEOSTROPHIC (»-EQUATION 331 5.7.1 MATHEMATICAL INTERPRETATION 331 5.7.2 PHYSICAL INTERPRETATION 338 5.7.3 THE TRENBERTH FORMULATION OF THE QUASIGEOSTROPHIC EQUATION 346 5.7.4 THE Q-VECTOR REPRESENTATION OF THE QUASIGEOSTROPHIC EQUATION 350 CONTENTS XIII 5.7.5 COMPARISON OF THE DIFFERENT QUASIGEOSTROPHIC EQUATIONS 368 5.8 THE QUASIGEOSTROPHIC POTENTIAL VORTICITY FORM OF THE HEIGHT-TENDENCY EQUATION 370 5.9 STATIC-STABILITY EFFECTS ON VERTICAL MOTION 373 5.9.1 THE EFFECTS OF HORIZONTAL VARIATIONS IN STATIC STABILITY ON VERTICAL MOTION 373 5.9.2 EFFECTIVE STATIC STABILITY 379 5.10 INTERPRETATION OF THE QUASIGEOSTROPHIC HEIGHT- TENDENCY EQUATION 385 5.10.1 MATHEMATICAL INTERPRETATION 385 5.10.2 PHYSICAL INTERPRETATION 386 5.11 THE EFFECTS OF VERTICAL VARIATIONS IN STATIC STABILITY ON THE GEOPOTENTIAL-HEIGHT TENDENCY 389 NOTE 390 REFERENCES 390 PROBLEMS 395 SELECTED ANSWERS TO PROBLEMS 404 APPENDIX 1. REVIEW OF VECTOR NOTATION 411 APPENDIX 2. IMPLICATIONS OF HYDROSTATIC BALANCE FOR THE HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL SCALES OF METEORO LOGICAL PHENOMENA 413 APPENDIX 3. MATRIX NOTATION 419 INDEX 423
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spelling	Bluestein, Howard B. Verfasser aut Synoptic-dynamic meteorology in midlatitudes 1 Principles of kinematics and dynamics Howard B. Bluestein New York u.a. Oxford Univ. Press 1992 XIII, 431 S. Ill., zahlr. graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier (DE-604)BV006951540 1 GBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=004392324&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	Bluestein, Howard B. Synoptic-dynamic meteorology in midlatitudes
title	Synoptic-dynamic meteorology in midlatitudes
title_auth	Synoptic-dynamic meteorology in midlatitudes
title_exact_search	Synoptic-dynamic meteorology in midlatitudes
title_full	Synoptic-dynamic meteorology in midlatitudes 1 Principles of kinematics and dynamics Howard B. Bluestein
title_fullStr	Synoptic-dynamic meteorology in midlatitudes 1 Principles of kinematics and dynamics Howard B. Bluestein
title_full_unstemmed	Synoptic-dynamic meteorology in midlatitudes 1 Principles of kinematics and dynamics Howard B. Bluestein
title_short	Synoptic-dynamic meteorology in midlatitudes
title_sort	synoptic dynamic meteorology in midlatitudes principles of kinematics and dynamics
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=004392324&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
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