Everyday justice: responsibility and the individual in Japan and the United States
It is a fundamental human impulse to seek restitution or retribution when a wrong is done, yet individuals and societies assess responsibility and allocate punishment for wrongdoing in different ways. This book investigates how average citizens in the United States and Japan think about and judge va...
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Hauptverfasser: | , |
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Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
New Haven [u.a.]
Yale Univ. Press
1992
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Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Zusammenfassung: | It is a fundamental human impulse to seek restitution or retribution when a wrong is done, yet individuals and societies assess responsibility and allocate punishment for wrongdoing in different ways. This book investigates how average citizens in the United States and Japan think about and judge various kinds of wrongdoing, how they determine who is responsible when things go wrong, and how they prefer to punish offenders. Drawing on the results of surveys they conducted in Detroit, Michigan, and Yokohama and Kanazawa, Japan, the authors compare both individual and cultural reactions to wrongdoing. They find that decisions about justice are influenced by whether or not there seems to be a social relationship between the offender and victim: the American tendency is to see actors in isolation while the Japanese tendency is to see them in relation to others. The Japanese, who emphasize the importance of role obligations and social ties, mete out punishment with the goal of restoring the offender to the social network. Americans, who acknowledge fewer "ties that bind" and have firmer convictions that evil resides in individuals, punish wrongdoers by isolating them from the community. The authors explore the implications of "justice among friends" versus "justice toward strangers" as approaches to the righting of wrongs in modern society. Their findings will be of interest to students of social psychology, the sociology of law, and Japanese studies. |
Beschreibung: | XIII, 290 S. graph. Darst. |
ISBN: | 0300051409 |
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520 | 3 | |a It is a fundamental human impulse to seek restitution or retribution when a wrong is done, yet individuals and societies assess responsibility and allocate punishment for wrongdoing in different ways. This book investigates how average citizens in the United States and Japan think about and judge various kinds of wrongdoing, how they determine who is responsible when things go wrong, and how they prefer to punish offenders. Drawing on the results of surveys they conducted in Detroit, Michigan, and Yokohama and Kanazawa, Japan, the authors compare both individual and cultural reactions to wrongdoing. They find that decisions about justice are influenced by whether or not there seems to be a social relationship between the offender and victim: the American tendency is to see actors in isolation while the Japanese tendency is to see them in relation to others. The Japanese, who emphasize the importance of role obligations and social ties, mete out punishment with the goal of restoring the offender to the social network. Americans, who acknowledge fewer "ties that bind" and have firmer convictions that evil resides in individuals, punish wrongdoers by isolating them from the community. The authors explore the implications of "justice among friends" versus "justice toward strangers" as approaches to the righting of wrongs in modern society. Their findings will be of interest to students of social psychology, the sociology of law, and Japanese studies. | |
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650 | 7 | |a Responsabilité pénale - Aspect social - Japon |2 ram | |
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650 | 4 | |a Criminal liability |x Social aspects |z Japan |v Cross-cultural studies | |
650 | 4 | |a Criminal liability |x Social aspects |z United States |v Cross-cultural studies | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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adam_text | Contents
List of Figures ix
List of Tables x
Preface xi
PART ONE Structure and Culture
One The Problem of Responsibility 3
Two Social Structure and Legal Structure:
A Comparative View 21
Three Culture and the Socialization Process 48
PART TWO Responsibility and Sanction
Four Responsibility: A Research Agenda 75
Five Methods: Experiments in Surveys 89
Six Responsibility: The Evidence 110
Seven Punishment 135
Eight Is Crime Special? Offenses against Strangers 157
PART THREE Law and Society
Nine Empirical Conclusions 179
Ten Legal Structure, Legal Culture, and Convergence 186
Eleven The Problem of Justice 203
Appendix A Summary of the Story Versions 219
Appendix B Punishment Questions 236
Notes 247
References 259
Index of Authors Cited 281
Subject Index 286
vii
Figures
1.1 Dimensions of Social Relationships 11
3.1 Dimensions in the Conception of Self 59
4.1 Diagram of Story Types and Variations within Stories 83
5.1 Manipulation Checks for Purposiveness and Seriousness in
Stories Involving Authority 106
5.2 Manipulation Checks for Purposiveness and Seriousness in
Stories Involving Equals 106
5.3 Manipulation Checks for Purposiveness and Seriousness in
Stories Involving Strangers 107
6.1 Effects of Deeds and Contexts on Responsibility 111
6.2 Responsibilities of Equals versus Authorities for Accidental,
Negligent, or Intentional Acts 115
6.3 Effect of Mental State on Responsibility for Low versus High
Solidarity 118
6.4 Impact of Other s Influence on Responsibility by (a) Hierarchy
and (b) Solidarity 118
6.5 Impact of Mental State Information on Responsibility
Judgments, by City 121
6.6 Impact of Other s Influence Information on Responsibility
Judgments, by City 121
6.7 Impact of Solidarity on Responsibility, by City 123
6.8 Effects of Mental State on Responsibility for Low versus High
Solidarity, by City 125
6.9 Effects of Other s Influence on Responsibility for Equals versus
Authorities, by City 129
7.1 Whether to Punish: The Interaction of Nation and Mental State 146
7.2 Whether to Punish: The Interaction of Nation and Past Pattern 146
8.1 Detroit Yokohama Differences in Responsibility and Punishment
for Offenses Involving Strangers 162
8.2 Effect of Culture, Deed, and Context on Length of Punishment 168
8.3 Effect of Consequence Severity on Criminal Punishment, by City 169
ix
Tables
1.1 Social Scientific Distinctions: Closeness of Social Ties 9
4.1 Heider s Stages of Responsibility Attribution 77
5.1 Demographic Characteristics of the Samples 97
5.2 Perceived Mental State of the Actor in Each Vignette 109
6.1 Effect of Hierarchy on Responsibility 114
6.2 Meaning of Mental State Information for the Responsibility
of Authorities versus Equals 117
6.3 Basic Effect of Hierarchy on Responsibility: Comparing
American and Japanese Cities 123
6.4 Effects of Hierarchy and Mental State on Detroiters
Responsibility Judgments 12 6
6.5 Cultural Differences in the Meaning of Mental State
Information 128
7.1 Average Agreement with Various Reasons for Imprisoning
People 141
7.2 Correlation Coefficients between Responsibility Judgments
and Willingness to Punish Wrongdoers 143
7.3 Overall Willingness to Advocate Punishment 144
7.4 Types of Punishments Advocated for Everyday Life Incidents 148
7.5 Response to the Question What Should the Customer Do?
in the Work/Equal Story 151
8.1 Trends in Crime Rates, 1960 1987 159
8.2 Significant Effects of Deed and Context on Responsibility in
Offenses Involving Strangers 163
8.3 Culture and the Impact of Actor s Status: Responsibility
Judgments for the Adult Accident 165
8.4 Cultural Differences in Type of Punishment Recommended
for Auto Accidents 171
8.5 Effects of Story Variations on Percentage of Respondents
Saying That There Should Be a Punishment 172
x
|
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author | Hamilton, V. Lee Sanders, Joseph |
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spelling | Hamilton, V. Lee Verfasser aut Everyday justice responsibility and the individual in Japan and the United States V. Lee Hamilton and Joseph Sanders New Haven [u.a.] Yale Univ. Press 1992 XIII, 290 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier It is a fundamental human impulse to seek restitution or retribution when a wrong is done, yet individuals and societies assess responsibility and allocate punishment for wrongdoing in different ways. This book investigates how average citizens in the United States and Japan think about and judge various kinds of wrongdoing, how they determine who is responsible when things go wrong, and how they prefer to punish offenders. Drawing on the results of surveys they conducted in Detroit, Michigan, and Yokohama and Kanazawa, Japan, the authors compare both individual and cultural reactions to wrongdoing. They find that decisions about justice are influenced by whether or not there seems to be a social relationship between the offender and victim: the American tendency is to see actors in isolation while the Japanese tendency is to see them in relation to others. The Japanese, who emphasize the importance of role obligations and social ties, mete out punishment with the goal of restoring the offender to the social network. Americans, who acknowledge fewer "ties that bind" and have firmer convictions that evil resides in individuals, punish wrongdoers by isolating them from the community. The authors explore the implications of "justice among friends" versus "justice toward strangers" as approaches to the righting of wrongs in modern society. Their findings will be of interest to students of social psychology, the sociology of law, and Japanese studies. Crimes et criminels - Aspect sociologique ram Jurisprudencia sociológica Responsabilidad penal - Aspectos sociales - EE.UU - Estudios comparados Responsabilité pénale - Aspect social - Etats-Unis ram Responsabilité pénale - Aspect social - Japon ram Gesellschaft Criminal liability Social aspects Japan Cross-cultural studies Criminal liability Social aspects United States Cross-cultural studies Sociological jurisprudence Rechtssoziologie (DE-588)4048837-8 gnd rswk-swf USA USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd rswk-swf Japan (DE-588)4028495-5 gnd rswk-swf USA (DE-588)4078704-7 g Rechtssoziologie (DE-588)4048837-8 s Japan (DE-588)4028495-5 g DE-604 Sanders, Joseph Verfasser aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=004052448&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Hamilton, V. Lee Sanders, Joseph Everyday justice responsibility and the individual in Japan and the United States Crimes et criminels - Aspect sociologique ram Jurisprudencia sociológica Responsabilidad penal - Aspectos sociales - EE.UU - Estudios comparados Responsabilité pénale - Aspect social - Etats-Unis ram Responsabilité pénale - Aspect social - Japon ram Gesellschaft Criminal liability Social aspects Japan Cross-cultural studies Criminal liability Social aspects United States Cross-cultural studies Sociological jurisprudence Rechtssoziologie (DE-588)4048837-8 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4048837-8 (DE-588)4078704-7 (DE-588)4028495-5 |
title | Everyday justice responsibility and the individual in Japan and the United States |
title_auth | Everyday justice responsibility and the individual in Japan and the United States |
title_exact_search | Everyday justice responsibility and the individual in Japan and the United States |
title_full | Everyday justice responsibility and the individual in Japan and the United States V. Lee Hamilton and Joseph Sanders |
title_fullStr | Everyday justice responsibility and the individual in Japan and the United States V. Lee Hamilton and Joseph Sanders |
title_full_unstemmed | Everyday justice responsibility and the individual in Japan and the United States V. Lee Hamilton and Joseph Sanders |
title_short | Everyday justice |
title_sort | everyday justice responsibility and the individual in japan and the united states |
title_sub | responsibility and the individual in Japan and the United States |
topic | Crimes et criminels - Aspect sociologique ram Jurisprudencia sociológica Responsabilidad penal - Aspectos sociales - EE.UU - Estudios comparados Responsabilité pénale - Aspect social - Etats-Unis ram Responsabilité pénale - Aspect social - Japon ram Gesellschaft Criminal liability Social aspects Japan Cross-cultural studies Criminal liability Social aspects United States Cross-cultural studies Sociological jurisprudence Rechtssoziologie (DE-588)4048837-8 gnd |
topic_facet | Crimes et criminels - Aspect sociologique Jurisprudencia sociológica Responsabilidad penal - Aspectos sociales - EE.UU - Estudios comparados Responsabilité pénale - Aspect social - Etats-Unis Responsabilité pénale - Aspect social - Japon Gesellschaft Criminal liability Social aspects Japan Cross-cultural studies Criminal liability Social aspects United States Cross-cultural studies Sociological jurisprudence Rechtssoziologie USA Japan |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=004052448&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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