Dynamics of soil organic matter in tropical ecosystems:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Honolulu, Hawaii
Univ. of Hawaii Pr.
1989
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverz. S. 201 - 242 |
| Beschreibung: | XXIII, 249 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0824812514 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | JDynamics of
Soil Organic Matter
in Tropical Ecosystems
Edited by
David C Coleman • J Malcolm Oades • Goro Uehara
Published by:
NifTAL Project
Department of Agronomy and Soil Science
College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources
University of Hawaii
Contents
Contributors xiu
Preface x»
Maps: Soils of the Tropics xxv
Introduction: Soil Organic Matter: Tropical vs
Temperate 1
David Coleman, J Malcolm Oades and Goro Uehara
Chapter 1 Constituents of Organic Matter in
Temperate and Tropical Soils
Benny K G Theng, Kevin R Tate, and Phillip Sollins
with Norhayati Moris, Nalini Nadkarni, and Robert L Tate III
The first chapter illustrates the similarity of the chemistry of organic matter in
temperate and tropical regions Organic fractions are discussed on the basis
of their stability or longevity in soils, and, it is stressed that the stability of
organic matter in soils is largely controlled by the position of organic materials
in the soil matrix and interactions with mineral constituents
Abstract 5
Concepts and Definitions 9
Living and Dead Soil Organic Matter 9
The Dynamic Perspective 10
Constituents of Soil Organic Matter 10
Litter - Precursor to or Component of SOM? 10
Macroorganisms (Fauna) 12
Microorganisms 14
Macroorganic Matter or Light Fraction 15
Other Labile Forms 17
Nonhumic Substances 18
Humic Substances 19
Constitution Using Stable Carbon Isotopes 28
Conclusions and Recommendations 31
Theme amp; Research Imperatives 31
Chapter 2 Soil Organic Matter as a Source and a
Sink of Plant Nutrients
John M Duxbury, M Scott Smith, and John W Doran
with Carl Jordan, Larry Szott, and Eric Vance
The mechanisms involved in regulating the release and uptake of various
plant nutrients are described The major plant nutrients are contained in both
above- and belowground biomass, but the cycling of nutrients is through the
soil microbial biomass which thus plays a central role Relationships between
SOM and the supply ofN,S,P, and other plant nutrients in temperate and
tropical regions are discussed Again, the role of mineral fractions in control-
ling biological and biochemical processes is stressed
Abstract 33
N, P, and S in Soil Organic Matter 35
Amounts and Distribution 35
Forms 37
Research Needs 40
Biological Mineralization and Immobilization of N, P, and S 41
Concepts and Models 41
Microbial Biomass as a Nutrient Source/Sink 49
Differences in Cycling among N, P, and S 51
Research Needs 52
Management of Soil Organic N, P, andS 54
Nutrient Cycling in Natural and Agricultural Ecosystems 54
Management of Nutrient Storage and Release from
Different SOM Pools 55
Research Needs 60
Organic Matter and Cationic Nutrients 62
Mechanisms of Interaction 62
Importance of Organic Matter/Cation Interactions in Tropical Soils 62
Research Needs 64
Organic Sources of Nutrients and Crop Yield 64
Research Needs 66
vi
Conclusions and Recommendations 66
Theme amp; Research Imperatives 67
Chapter 3 Interactions of Soil Organic Matter and
Variable-Charge Clays
J Malcolm Oades, Gavin P Gillman, and Goro Uehara
with Nguyen V Hue, Meine van Noordwijk, G Philip
Robertson, and Koji Wada
Variable charge minerals are defined before descriptions of interactions of
organic molecules with oxides in soils These interactions control a range of
properties such as retention of both anionic and cationic nutrients and also
the strongly developed microstructure in variable charge soils It is stressed
that special techniques are necessary to study physicochemicalproperties of
tropical soils, and that serious errors arise from application of techniques used
in temperate regions The importance of the maintenance ofSOM in Oxisols
and Ultisols are discussed
Abstract 69
Definition and Origin of Variable Charge in Soils 71
Permanent Charge vs Variable Charge 71
Operational Definitions 73
Extent of Variable-Charge Soils 75
Interaction between Organic Molecules and Oxides 76
Organic Cations 77
Humic Substances 78
Natural Hydrous Oxide-Organic Complexes 80
Adsorbed Organic Materials 83
Composition of Organic Matter in Variable-Charge Soils 84
Interactions between Organic Matter and Variable-Charge Clays 86
Electrochemical Properties 86
Soil pH and Soil Acidity 89
Adsorption of Phosphate and Sulfate 90
Physical Properties 92
Conclusions and Recommendations 94
Theme amp; Research Imperatives 95
vii
Chapter 4 Biological Processes Regulating
Organic Matter Dynamics in Tropical Soils
Jonathan M Anderson and Patrick W Flanagan
with Edward Caswell, David C Coleman, Elvira Cuevas,
Diana W Freckman, Julia Allen Jones, Patrick Lavelle, and
Peter Vitousek
The key variables regulating biological interactions in tropical SOM relate to
resource quality (C/N, lignin/N, organic P + S, etc ) and edaphic conditions
Key biotic modifiers are plant roots and the dominant macro-faunal groups
such as termites and earthworms The latter can be quite active in certain areas
which are seasonally wet, such as equatorial savannas Anderson et al
emphasize that biological processes are qualitatively similar in temperate and
tropical areas, but overriding factors such as soil texture and structure and
presence of true geophagousfauna (especially certain termites), can markedly
influence availability and distribution of nutrients in a given landscape
Abstract 97
Processes of Decomposition, SOM Formation, and Stabilization 98
A Hierarchy of Variables Determining Organic Matter Dynamics 99
Climatic Factors 100
Edaphic Effects 104
Resource Quality 106
Organism Activities I l l
Changes in Litter Inputs and Controls over SOM Dynamics 117
Model of Organic Matter Dynamics in the Plant/Soil System 117
Spatial and Temporal Dynamics in Natural Systems 119
Effects of Changes in Land Use : 119
Variation in Controls Over SOM Dynamics in Time and Space 121
Conclusions and Recommendations 121
Theme amp; Research Imperatives 122
viii
Chapter 5 Organic Input Management In Tropical
Agroecosystems
Pedro A Sanchez, Cheryl A Palm, Lawrence T Szott, Elvira
Cuevas, and Rattan Lai
with James H Fownes, Paul Hendrix, Haruyoshi Ikawa, Scott
Jones, Meine van Noordwijk, and Goro Uehara
Given the basic information presented in the first four chapters, how can one
manage organic inputs to enable farmers in tropical regions to have flourish-
ing sustainable agriculture? Sanchez et al cite results of long-term experri-
ments in parts of Amazonian and Andean Peru which give some initial
information to address these major unknowns
Abstract 125
Historical Perspective 128
Organic Inputs in Tropical Agroecosystems 129
Nutrient Availability 131
Nutrient Quantity 132
Quality of Inputs and Timing of Application 137
Placement of Organic Inputs 138
Roots as Organic Inputs 139
Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Root Litter 141
Root Litter Quality 142
Organic Inputs and Soil Physical Properties 143
Organic Inputs as Mulches 144
Organic Inputs as Soil Amendments 147
Organic Inputs and Soil Organic Matter 149
Conclusions and Recommendations 152
Theme amp; Research Imperatives 152
ix
Chapter 6 Modeling Soil Organic Matter
Dynamics in Tropical Soils
William J Parton, Robert L Sanford, Pedro A Sanchez, and
John W B Stewart
with Torben A Bonde, Dae Crosley, Hans van Veen, and
Russell Yost
The modeling group drew on information provided, in part, by others and
addressed the question of universality of patterns and processes in temperate
and tropical soil systems They agreed that much more information is needed
in addition to a general soil texture factor, which modifies such things as C/N
or lignin/N values The principal outcome seemed to be an increased desire
and interest among researchers in tropical areas—both forested and agricul-
tural—in developing more specific models for their particular regions The
utility of this approach for some of the Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility
(TSBF) work was also noted
Abstract 153
Model Description 157
Model Simulations 162
Hawaii Forest Sites 162
Tropical Agroecosystem Site 166
Tropical Grasslands Sites 168
Summary 169
Conclusions and Recommendations 170
Theme amp; Research Imperatives 170
Chapter 7 Methodologies for Assessing the
Quantity and Quality of Soil Organic Matter
Frank J Stevenson and Edward T Elliott
with C Vernon Cole, John Ingram, J Malcolm Oades,
Caroline Preston, and Philip J Sollins
The ultimate questions of tropical SOM and its dynamics depend on suitable
and readily available techniques for characterizing it, both in amounts and
quality This work demands that the investigator be aware of the physical
nature of the soil and the ways in which physical fractions can then be
subsequently characterized chemically With our increasing concerns for
sustainable ecosystem status and/orproductivity, Stevenson et al particularly
emphasize fractions of pools of biological significance The authors recom-
mend using new techniques in situ, unaltered examination of organic N, S,
and P moieties using new technques such as C-NMR, andpyrotysis-mass
spectrometry A great deal can be done, however, using the more readily
available analytical tools of any soils laboratory to characterize the biologi-
cally meaningful pools of tropical SOM using a range of physical and
chemical characterization techniques
Abstract 173
Chemical Fractionation 174
Genetic Relationships of Classical Fractions 176
The HA/FA Ratio 178
Conclusions and Recommendations 179
Physical Fractionation 179
Methods of Disruption 180
Chemical Pretreatments 180
Separation of Fractions by Physical Means 181
Organic Matter and Aggregation 184
Conclusions 186
Methods of Characterization 187
Whole Soil13C-NMR 187
Pyrolysis/Mass Spectrometry (Py/MS) 190
Pyrophosphate as an Extractant of Organically Bound Forms of
Micronutrient Cations 191
The C/N/P/S Ratio 191
Mineralizable N, P, and S 193
Conclusions and Recommendations 193
Pools of Soil Organic Matter 194
Litter 195
Light Fraction 195
Soluble Organics 196
Microbial Biomass 197
Conclusions and Recommendations 199
Theme amp; Research Imperatives 199
Literature Cited 201
Full References for Cited Tables and Figures 243
Index 245
xi
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| spelling | Dynamics of soil organic matter in tropical ecosystems ed. by David C. Coleman ... Honolulu, Hawaii Univ. of Hawaii Pr. 1989 XXIII, 249 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturverz. S. 201 - 242 Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 gnd rswk-swf Bodendynamik (DE-588)4007363-4 gnd rswk-swf Tropen (DE-588)4060997-2 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content (DE-588)1071861417 Konferenzschrift gnd-content Bodendynamik (DE-588)4007363-4 s Tropen (DE-588)4060997-2 g Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 s DE-604 Coleman, David C. 1938- Sonstige (DE-588)141482397 oth HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003884491&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Dynamics of soil organic matter in tropical ecosystems Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 gnd Bodendynamik (DE-588)4007363-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4043216-6 (DE-588)4007363-4 (DE-588)4060997-2 (DE-588)4143413-4 (DE-588)1071861417 |
| title | Dynamics of soil organic matter in tropical ecosystems |
| title_auth | Dynamics of soil organic matter in tropical ecosystems |
| title_exact_search | Dynamics of soil organic matter in tropical ecosystems |
| title_full | Dynamics of soil organic matter in tropical ecosystems ed. by David C. Coleman ... |
| title_fullStr | Dynamics of soil organic matter in tropical ecosystems ed. by David C. Coleman ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dynamics of soil organic matter in tropical ecosystems ed. by David C. Coleman ... |
| title_short | Dynamics of soil organic matter in tropical ecosystems |
| title_sort | dynamics of soil organic matter in tropical ecosystems |
| topic | Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 gnd Bodendynamik (DE-588)4007363-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Ökosystem Bodendynamik Tropen Aufsatzsammlung Konferenzschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003884491&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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