Adjustment and equity in Malaysia:
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Paris
Development Centre of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
1992
|
| Series: | Adjustment and equity in developing countries
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Literaturverz. S. 171 - 174. - Franz. Parallelausg u.d.T.: Ajustement et équité en Malaisie |
| Physical Description: | 148 S. |
| ISBN: | 9264136010 |
Staff View
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Table of Contents
Acknowledgements 10
Preface 11
Executive Summary 13
Chapter 1 Malaysian Development: Growth with Equity 17
1.1 Introduction 17
1.2 Understanding Macro Micro Linkages 17
1.3 Malaysian Economic Development 19
1.3.1 The Race Factor 19
1.3.2 Rapid Industrialisation and Structural Change 20
1.4 Inequality and Poverty in Malaysia, 1970, 1984 and 1987 21
1.4.1 Inequality in 1970 22
1.4.2 Poverty in 1970 22
1.4.3 Trends in Inequality and Poverty, 1970 84 23
1.4.4 Income Distribution Changes under Adjustment: A First Approximation, 1984 87 25
1.5 The Organisation of the Report 26
Chapter 2 The Record of Destabilization 35
2.1 Introduction 35
2.2 Recession and Adjustment, 1979 87 36
2.3 The Causes of Macro Imbalances, 1979 84 36
2.3.1 Terms of Trade Decline 37
2.3.2 Fiscal Expansion 37
2.3.3 Exchange Rate Appreciation 39
2.4 Concluding Observations 39
Notes and references 40
Chapter 3 Adjusting to Recession: 1984 87 51
3.1 Introduction 51
3.2 The Policy Instruments of Adjustment 51
3.2.1 Fiscal Restraint — Monetary Expansion 52
3.2.2 Exchange Rate Depreciation 52
3.3 Destabilization, Adjustment and Real Expenditures 53
3.3.1 Fiscal Expansion and Contraction 54
3.3.2 Public Investment and Fiscal Inflexibility 55
3.3.3 Operating Expenditures and the Fiscal Deficit 56
3.3.4 Private Sector Spending 57
5
3.4 Relative Price Changes and Resource Switching 58
3.5 The Malaysian Labour Market during Destabilizan on and Adjustment 60
3.5.1 The Macro Dimensions 60
3.5.2 Labour Reallocations and Adjustment 61
3.6 The Social Dimensions of Adjustment 62
3.7 Summary 64
Notes and references 65
Chapter 4 GEMM — A Macro micro Model for Malaysia 83
4.1 Introduction 83
4.2 Model Overview 83
4.2.1 Applied General Equilibrium and the Short Run 83
4.2.2 Parameterisation 84
4.2.3 GEMM s Structure 84
4.3 GEMM s Special Features 86
4.3.1 Modelling Exports 86
4.3.2 GEMM s IS/LM System 87
4.3.3 GEMM s Labour Market 89
4.4 Income Inequality and Poverty 92
4.4.1 Indicators of Income Inequality 92
4.4.2 Indicators of Poverty 93
4.5 Summary 94
Notes and references 94
Chapter 5 Income Distribution and Adjustment 101
5.1 Introduction 101
5.2 The Reference Simulation 101
5.2.1 Fiscal and Monetary Policies 101
5.2.2 Technical Progress 101
5.2.3 Historical Validation: Macroeconomics 102
5.2.4 Historical Validation: Microeconomics 102
5.2.5 Household Income, Inequality and Poverty: Reference Run 103
5.2.6 Summary 104
5.3 Simulation 1: Pre emptive Adjustment 105
5.3.1 Macroeconomics 105
5.3.2 Microeconomics 106
5.3.3 Summary 107
5.4 Simulation 2: Expenditure Switching 107
5.4.1 Macroeconomics 108
5.4.2 Microeconomics 108
5.4.3 Summary 109
5.5 Simulation 3: Adjustment through Taxation 109
5.5.1 Macroeconomics 110
5.5.2 Microeconomics 110
5.5.3 Summary Ill
Notes and references ... 112
6
Chapter 6 Summary and Conclusions 131
6.1 Gathering the Threads 131
6.2 Modelling Poverty and Income Distribution 131
6.3 Policy Simulations 132
6.4 Adjustment, Poverty and Income Distribution 133
6.4.1 The Reference Simulation 133
6.4.2 Simulation 1 133
6.4.3 Simulation 2 133
6.4.4 Simulation 3 134
6.5 Summary and Caveats 134
Appendix GEMM s Mathematical Structure 137
Bibliography 147
7
List of Tables and Figures
Table 1.1 Distribution of Gross Domestic Product by Industrial Origin 27
Table 1.2 Rates of Growth of Net Exports by Industry Group 28
Table 1.3 Female Employment in the Manufacturing Sector, 1968 83 29
Table 1.4 Distribution of Households by Size and Per Capita Income: Malaysia 1970 30
Table 1.5 Estimates of Poverty in Peninsular Malaysia, 1970 30
Table 1.6 Incidence of Poverty by Location and Sector: Peninsular Malaysia 1970 31
Table 1.7 Mean Monthly Household Income by Race: Peninsular Malaysia 1984 and 1987 32
Table 1.8 Incidence of Poverty by Race, Location, and Sector: Malaysia 1970 and 1984 32
Table 1.9 Incidence of Poverty and Mean Incomes of Poor, by Location, and Target Group:
Peninsular Malaysia 33
Table 2.1 Selected Macroeconomic Indicators, 1979 84 41
Table 2.2 Malaysia s Principal Commodity Prices and Terms of Trade, 1979 84 42
Table 23 Malaysia s Major Commodity Exports, 1979 84 43
Table 2.4 Consolidated Government Accounts 44
Table 25 Federal Government Deficit Financing, 1980 87 45
Table 2.6 Federal Government Outstanding Debt, 1979 87 46
Table 2.7 Money Supply 1979 84 47
Table 2.8 Real Income Losses from External Shocks, 1979 86 48
Table 2.9 Nominal and Real Effective Exchange Rates, 1979 87 49
Table 2.10 Financial Market Pressure on Ringgit Exchange Rate 50
Table 3.1 Trade Balance and Its Related Identities, 1979 87 66
Table 3.2 Decomposition of Changes in Trade Balance, 1979 87 67
Table 33 Federal Government Revenue, Expenditure and Deficit, 1979 87 68
Table 3.4 Decomposition of Changes in Federal Government Deficit, 1979 87 69
Table 3.5 Public Investment by Type of Investment 70
Table 3.6 Public Investment by Government Institution, 1979 87 71
Table 3.7 Tradable/Non tradable Relative Prices, 1979 87 72
Table 3.8 Industrial Origin of Gross Domestic Product 73
Table 3.9 Nominal and Real Wage Growth and Productivity Growth, 1981 87 74
Table 3.10 Manufacturing Unit Labour Cost in Selected South East Asian Countries, 1980 87 75
Table 3.11 Percentage Distribution of Employment by Sector, 1980 87 76
Table 3.12 Contributions to Employment Generation by Industry, 1980 87 77
Table 3.13 Real Product Wage in Tradables, 1979 86 78
Table 3.14 Federal Government Expenditure, 1979 87 79
8
Table 3.15 Index of Federal Government Operating Expenditures 80
Table 3.16 Mid term Reviews: Social Expenditure Reallocations 81
Table 3.17 Select Indicators of Education and Health Provision, 1982 86 82
Table 4.1 Export Indicators 95
Table 4.2 Labour Market Subscripts 96
Table 5.1 GDP 113
Table 5.2 Private Consumption 113
Table 5.3 Public Consumption 113
Table 5.4 Investment 114
Table 5.5 Exports 114
Table 5.6 Imports 114
Table 5.7 Balance of Payments Deficit on Current Account 115
Table 5.8 Unemployment Rate 115
Table 5.9 Government Deficit 115
Table 5.10 Real Incomes per Household: Reference Run 116
Table 5.11 Real Incomes per Household: Simulation 1 117
Table 5.12 Real Incomes per Household: Simulation 2 118
Table 5.13 Real Incomes per Household: Simulation 3 119
Table 5.14 Non agricultural Unemployment Rates 120
Table 5.15 Real Incomes per Household 121
Table 5.16 Indices of Inequality 122
Table 5.17 Household count Ratios 123
Table 5.18 Pa = l Index 123
Table 5.19 Household count Ration (%) by Household Group, 1981 and 1987 124
Table 5.20 Pa = 1 Index by Household Group, 1981 and 1987 125
Figure 1.1 Economic Policy and Household Incomes 34
Figure 4.1 Schematic GEMM 97
Figure 4.2 GEMM s Labour Demand Hierarchy: Schematic Presentation 98
Figure 43 GEMM s Labour Cost Hierarchy: Schematic Presentation 99
Figure 5.1 Key Indicators 126
Figure 5.2 GDP by Expenditure 127
Figure 53 Sectoral Shares and Employment 128
Figure 5.4 Simulations: Macroeconomic Indicators 129
Figure 5.5 Simulations: Income Distribution and Poverty 130
9
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| geographic_facet | Malaysia Economic policy Ecuador Malaysia |
| id | DE-604.BV006027979 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T16:38:55Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9264136010 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-003793832 |
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| physical | 148 S. |
| publishDate | 1992 |
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| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Adjustment and equity in developing countries |
| spelling | Demery, David Verfasser aut Adjustment and equity in Malaysia by David Demery and Lionel Demery Paris Development Centre of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 1992 148 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Adjustment and equity in developing countries Literaturverz. S. 171 - 174. - Franz. Parallelausg u.d.T.: Ajustement et équité en Malaisie Desarrollo económico Economische situatie gtt Inkomensverdeling gtt Structurele aanpassing (ontwikkelingseconomie) gtt Wirtschaft Wirtschaftspolitik Economic stabilization Malaysia Income distribution Malaysia Structural adjustment (Economic policy) Malaysia Armut (DE-588)4002963-3 gnd rswk-swf Wirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4066438-7 gnd rswk-swf Einkommensverteilung (DE-588)4013898-7 gnd rswk-swf Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 gnd rswk-swf Wirtschaft (DE-588)4066399-1 gnd rswk-swf Stabilitätspolitik (DE-588)4077791-1 gnd rswk-swf Malaysia Economic policy Ecuador (DE-588)4129321-6 gnd rswk-swf Malaysia (DE-588)4037203-0 gnd rswk-swf Ecuador (DE-588)4129321-6 g Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 s DE-604 Malaysia (DE-588)4037203-0 g Wirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4066438-7 s Stabilitätspolitik (DE-588)4077791-1 s Einkommensverteilung (DE-588)4013898-7 s Armut (DE-588)4002963-3 s Wirtschaft (DE-588)4066399-1 s Demery, Lionel Verfasser aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003793832&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Demery, David Demery, Lionel Adjustment and equity in Malaysia Desarrollo económico Economische situatie gtt Inkomensverdeling gtt Structurele aanpassing (ontwikkelingseconomie) gtt Wirtschaft Wirtschaftspolitik Economic stabilization Malaysia Income distribution Malaysia Structural adjustment (Economic policy) Malaysia Armut (DE-588)4002963-3 gnd Wirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4066438-7 gnd Einkommensverteilung (DE-588)4013898-7 gnd Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 gnd Wirtschaft (DE-588)4066399-1 gnd Stabilitätspolitik (DE-588)4077791-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4002963-3 (DE-588)4066438-7 (DE-588)4013898-7 (DE-588)4066493-4 (DE-588)4066399-1 (DE-588)4077791-1 (DE-588)4129321-6 (DE-588)4037203-0 |
| title | Adjustment and equity in Malaysia |
| title_auth | Adjustment and equity in Malaysia |
| title_exact_search | Adjustment and equity in Malaysia |
| title_full | Adjustment and equity in Malaysia by David Demery and Lionel Demery |
| title_fullStr | Adjustment and equity in Malaysia by David Demery and Lionel Demery |
| title_full_unstemmed | Adjustment and equity in Malaysia by David Demery and Lionel Demery |
| title_short | Adjustment and equity in Malaysia |
| title_sort | adjustment and equity in malaysia |
| topic | Desarrollo económico Economische situatie gtt Inkomensverdeling gtt Structurele aanpassing (ontwikkelingseconomie) gtt Wirtschaft Wirtschaftspolitik Economic stabilization Malaysia Income distribution Malaysia Structural adjustment (Economic policy) Malaysia Armut (DE-588)4002963-3 gnd Wirtschaftsentwicklung (DE-588)4066438-7 gnd Einkommensverteilung (DE-588)4013898-7 gnd Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 gnd Wirtschaft (DE-588)4066399-1 gnd Stabilitätspolitik (DE-588)4077791-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Desarrollo económico Economische situatie Inkomensverdeling Structurele aanpassing (ontwikkelingseconomie) Wirtschaft Wirtschaftspolitik Economic stabilization Malaysia Income distribution Malaysia Structural adjustment (Economic policy) Malaysia Armut Wirtschaftsentwicklung Einkommensverteilung Stabilitätspolitik Malaysia Economic policy Ecuador Malaysia |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003793832&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT demerydavid adjustmentandequityinmalaysia AT demerylionel adjustmentandequityinmalaysia |