Plant root systems: their function and interaction with the soil
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
London [u.a.]
McGraw-Hill
1977
|
| Series: | European plant biology series
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Literaturangaben |
| Physical Description: | XII, 298 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0070840687 |
Staff View
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Plant root systems |b their function and interaction with the soil |c R. Scott Russell |
| 264 | 1 | |a London [u.a.] |b McGraw-Hill |c 1977 | |
| 300 | |a XII, 298 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
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| 500 | |a Literaturangaben | ||
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| 650 | 4 | |a Plant-soil relationships | |
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Record in the Search Index
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface xi
Acknowledgements xiii
1 Introduction 1
Literature cited 6
Part I The physiological background
2 Relationships between roots and shoots 9
2.1 The co-ordination of growth 10
2.2 Growth control mechanisms 14
Discovery and nature of growth regulators 14
Significance of the response of root systems to stress 19
2.3 The distribution of dry matter between roots and
shoots 19
Requirement for the survival of the plant 19
Effects of environmental factors 20
Literature cited 27
3 The growth and form of root systems 30
3.1 The root apex - growth and differentiation 30
Organization of tissues 31
Mucigel 34
The root cap 38
Root hairs 38
The endodermis 39
vi Contents
3.2 Root branching 42
3.3 The rate of root extension 42
3.4 The intact root system 43
Monocotyledons 44
Dicotyledons 50
The spatial orientation of root members 50
3.5 Variation, co-ordination and compensation in root
growth 53
3.6 Intervarietal differences in root form 57
Literature cited 58
4 The absorption and transport of nutrients 62
4.1 Relationships between the absorption of nutrients and
water 62
4.2 Mechanisms of uptake 66
4.3 Effect of metabolic demand of the whole plant 70
4.4 Interaction of nutrients 73
4.5 Contribution of different parts of the root system to
the nutrition of the intact plant 75
Changes in absorption as roots age 77
Relationships between the length, volume and surface
area of roots and their ability to absorb nutrients 80
4.6 Effects of nutrient supply on the form of root systems 82
Literature cited 87
5 The water relations of plant root systems 90
5.1 The driving force for the movement of water 90
5.2 Water potential 91
5.3 Passage of water through the plant 93
Resistances to flow 93
Movement of water through plant shoots to the
atmosphere 93
Transfer of water across roots 95
5.4 Effects of the external supply of water on the function
and growth of root systems 98
General relationships between water potential and
root function 98
Effects of gradients in water potential within the
rooting zone 99
5.5 The survival of water stress 105
Definition of water stress 105
Characteristics of shoots which influence survival 107
Characteristics of roots which influence survival 107
5.6 Variability - the difficulty of prediction 109
Literature cited 110
Contents vii
6 Relationships between plant roots and the rhizosphere flora 113
6.1 The rhizosphere 114
6.2 Root exudates: substrate for rhizosphere organisms 115
Composition of exudates 115
Factors which influence exudation 116
Extent of exudation 117
6.3 The population of the rhizosphere 121
6.4 Micro-organisms and plant nutrition 121
The nitrogen cycle 121
Effects of free-living micro-organisms on the uptake
of inorganic nutrients 124
Mycorrhizal associations and nutrient uptake 129
6.5 Effects of rhizosphere microflora on the development
of root systems 131
The invasion of root tissues 131
Stimulation and inhibition of plant growth 133
Literature cited 135
Part II Responses to soil conditions
7 The soil environment 143
7.1 Restraints on plant growth imposed by the soil 144
Chemical stresses 145
Physical stresses 145
7.2 The soil as a medium for root growth 147
Pore space and voids 148
Stability of the pore regime 152
Nutrients in the soil solution 157
7.3 Methods for studying the distribution and function of
roots in the soil 160
The distribution of root systems 160
The absorption of nutrients and water 163
Artificial systems 164
Literature cited 165
8 Mechanical impedance of root growth 169
8.1 Penetration by roots of a porous solid phase - general
considerations 170
8.2 Quantitative relationships between external pressure
and root growth under otherwise favourable con-
ditions 172
Maximum pressure roots can exert 172
Minimum pressures which appreciably reduce root
elongation 173
viii Contents
Effect of pressure on branching and distribution of
roots 176
8.3 Mechanism of the response of roots to mechanical
stress 177
8.4 Mechanical impedance under field conditions 183
Characteristics of the soil which influence mechanical
impedance 184
Estimation of the mechanical forces which oppose
root penetration in the soil 186
Factors which modify the effects of the compaction of
the soil on root growth 189
Literature cited 190
9 Effects of anaerobic soil conditions 193
9.1 The development of anaerobic soil conditions 193
Gas exchange between the soil and the atmosphere 193
Localized anaerobic zones 195
9.2 Some effects of anaerobic conditions on the soil 197
Metabolic pathways in anaerobic conditions 197
Toxic substances in the soil 198
Losses of soluble compounds of nitrogen 201
9.3 Response of plants to anaerobic soils 204
Morphological effects 204
Physiological effects 205
Relative significance of restricted oxygen supply and
toxic substances 207
Tolerance of anaerobic conditions 211
9.4 Some agricultural aspects 211
Transient waterlogging of crops 211
Recovery of waterlogged crops 213
Literature cited 214
10 The soil/root interface 219
10.1 Definition of the interface and its nature 219
Biological aspects 220
Physical aspects 220
10.2 The transfer of water across the interface 223
Theoretical evaluations 224
Studies of plants subject to water stress 226
10.3 Transfer of nutrients across the interface 230
10.4 The role of root hairs 233
10.5 Concluding comment 235
Literature cited 236
Contents ix
Part III The tillage of soil
11 Traditional and modem methods of tillage 241
11.1 The tradition of the plough in western agriculture 241
11.2 Shifting cultivation in tropical countries 243
11.3 Scientific study of the function of tillage 245
11.4 New methods 247
Literature cited 249
12 Reduced cultivation, soil conditions and crop growth 251
12.1 Effects on soil conditions 252
Properties of the bulk soil 252
Disposal of plant debris 264
12.2 Practical experience in temperate regions 267
Advantages 270
Limitations and problems 273
12.3 Practical experience in some tropical environments 274
12.4 Conclusions 278
Literature cited 278
Author index 283
Subject index 290
|
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| discipline | Biologie |
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T16:35:35Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0070840687 |
| language | English |
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| physical | XII, 298 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1977 |
| publishDateSearch | 1977 |
| publishDateSort | 1977 |
| publisher | McGraw-Hill |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | European plant biology series |
| spelling | Russell, Robert Scott Verfasser aut Plant root systems their function and interaction with the soil R. Scott Russell London [u.a.] McGraw-Hill 1977 XII, 298 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier European plant biology series Literaturangaben Growth (Plants) Plant-soil relationships Roots (Botany) Wurzel (DE-588)4136391-7 gnd rswk-swf Wurzel (DE-588)4136391-7 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003656079&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Russell, Robert Scott Plant root systems their function and interaction with the soil Growth (Plants) Plant-soil relationships Roots (Botany) Wurzel (DE-588)4136391-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4136391-7 |
| title | Plant root systems their function and interaction with the soil |
| title_auth | Plant root systems their function and interaction with the soil |
| title_exact_search | Plant root systems their function and interaction with the soil |
| title_full | Plant root systems their function and interaction with the soil R. Scott Russell |
| title_fullStr | Plant root systems their function and interaction with the soil R. Scott Russell |
| title_full_unstemmed | Plant root systems their function and interaction with the soil R. Scott Russell |
| title_short | Plant root systems |
| title_sort | plant root systems their function and interaction with the soil |
| title_sub | their function and interaction with the soil |
| topic | Growth (Plants) Plant-soil relationships Roots (Botany) Wurzel (DE-588)4136391-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Growth (Plants) Plant-soil relationships Roots (Botany) Wurzel |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003656079&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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