Distributed systems:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Wokingham u.a.
Addison-Wesley u.a.
1991
|
| Ausgabe: | Repr. |
| Schriftenreihe: | ACM Press frontier series
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturangaben |
| Beschreibung: | XXIII, 458 S. graph. Darst. |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Distributed systems |c ed. by Sape Mullender |
| 250 | |a Repr. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Wokingham u.a. |b Addison-Wesley u.a. |c 1991 | |
| 300 | |a XXIII, 458 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 0 | |a ACM Press frontier series | |
| 500 | |a Literaturangaben | ||
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| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-003434506 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804119700411514880 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
PREFACE
v
AUTHORS BIOGRAPHIES
ш
PART I Introduction
1
1
Introduction
. 3
S.J. Mullender
1.1
Symptoms of a distributed system
5
1.2
Why build distributed systems?
7
1.3
The complexity of distributed systems
9
1.3.1
Functional requirements as a source of complexity
11
1.3.2
Economic necessity as a source of complexity
12
1.4
Useful techniques for building a distributed system
12
1.5
References
17
2
Achieving Application Requirements
19
A.Z.
Spector
2.1
Introduction
19
2.2
Base architecture
21
2.3
Application requirements
24
2.4
Distributed program paradigms
25
2.4.1
Performance and modular growth
25
2.4.2
Reliability and availability
28
2.4.3
Bounded response time
29
X
CONTENTS
2.4.4 Sharing
of physically separated resources
30
2.4.5
Autonomous control
30
2.4.6
Security
30
2.5
Discussion
31
2.6
References
31
PART II Communication
35
3
Interprocess Communication
37
S.J. MuUender
3.1
The nature of communication in distributed systems
37
3.1.1
Structure of process interaction
37
3.1.2
Data transfer size
40
3.2
Communication models
42
3.2.1
Packet switching, message switching and circuit switching
42
3.2.2
Sessions
46
3.2.3
Blocking versus non-blocking protocols
47
3.3
Communications standards
48
3.3.1
The seven layers of ISO
48
3.3.2
Relevance of
OSI
to distributed systems
50
3.4
Protocol design issues in distributed systems
50
3.5
Issues in high-performance communication protocols
51
3.5.1
Integrating protocol and scheduler
52
3.5.2
Rate control
53
3.5.3
Using large datagrams
54
3.5.4
Sweep timers
55
3.6
Detailed example: The Amoeba protocols
56
3.6.1
Naming
58
3.6.2
The protocols
59
3.6.3
FLIP implementation
60
3.6.4
Transaction layer implementation
60
3.7
Other examples
61
3.7.1
VMTP
61
3.7.2
Mercury
62
3.8
References
63
4
Remote Procedure Call
65
W.E. Weihl
4.1
Issues
66
4.1.1
Binding
66
4.1.2
Heterogeneity
67
4.1.3
Transparency
69
4.1.4
Concurrency
70
4.2
Argus
70
4.3
Mercury
72
CONTENTS v,
AI
4.3.1
Requirements
73
4.3.2
Call streams
76
4.3.3 Data
types
82
4.4
References
84
PART HI Naming and Security
87
5
Names
89
R. M. Needham
5.1
Naming in general
89
5.2
Naming in distributed systems
91
5.2.1
Bindings
91
5.2.2
Interpreting names
92
5.2.3
Consistency
5.2.4
Consistency
5.2.5
Scaling
95
5.3
Examples
97
5.3.1
The DEC global name service
97
5.3.2
The Stanford design
100
5.3.3
Commentary
101
5.4
References
101
6
Using Crytography for Authentication
103
R. M. Needham
6.1
What and why
103
6.1.1
Conventional encryption
103
6.1.2
Public-key encryption
104
6.1.3
Assumptions
105
6.2
Threats
106
6.3
Authentication and its logic
107
6.3.1
Notation
108
6.3.2
Postulates
109
6.3.3
The goal of authentication
110
6.3.4
Informal groundwork
111
6.3.5
The Needham and Schroeder protocol
112
6.4
Public-key systems
114
6.4.1
Authenticity of public keys
115
6.5
Concluding remarks
115
6.6
References
115
7
Protection
117
S.J. MuUender
7.1
Goals of protection
117
7.2
Issues in protection
118
7.3
The access matrix
1 9
XII CONTENTS
7.3.1
Access control lists
120
7.3.2
Capability lists
121
7.4
Trust in distributed systems
121
7.5
Trust in distributed systems
123
7.5.1
Background on Amoeba
124
7.5.2
Ports
124
7.5.3
Capabilities
126
7.5.4
Protection with software F-boxes
128
7.5.5
Discussion
131
7.6
References
131
8
Accounting and Resource Control
133
S.J. Mullender
8.1
Accounting and service control
134
8.1.1
Closed centralized systems
134
8.1.2
Open distributed systems
135
8.1.3
Accounting
135
8.1.4
Resource control
137
8.1.5
The triangular relationship of client, service and bank
137
8.2
Bank service
139
8.2.1
Bank accounts
139
8.2.2
Capabilities and signatures
140
8.2.3
Maintenance of a cache
141
8.2.4
Currencies
141
8.2.5
Bank server requests
142
8.3
Accounting policies
144
8.3.1
Payment for services
144
8.3.2
Quota, budgets and salaries
145
PART IV Data Storage
147
9
Distributed File Systems
149
M. Satyanarayanan
9.1
Introduction
149
9.2
Fundamentals
149
9.2.1
Taxonomy
150
9.2.2
Databases
152
9.2.3
Properties of files
153
9.2.4
Evolution
155
9.3
Case study
157
9.3.1
Goals
158
9.3.2
Design
160
9.3.3
Implementation
164
9.3.4
Performance
167
9.3.5
Securitv
169
CONTENTS v,„
AJ
11
9.3.6 Design
principles
172
9.3.7
Issues concerning large systems
174
9.4
Future directions
179
9.4.1
Availability
179
9.4.2
Further scaling
181
9.4.3
Database access
182
9.4.4
Conclusion
183
9.5
References
183
PART V Transactions
189
10
Distributed Transaction Processing Facilities
191
A.Z.
Spector
10.1
Introduction
191
10.2
The design of a transaction processing facility
193
10.2.1
The client/server model
194
10.2.2
System model
195
10.2.3
Expected failures
196
10.2.4
Concurrency
203
10.3
The
Camelot
transaction processing facility
206
10.4
Summary
210
10.5
References
211
11
Using Transactions in Distributed Applications
215
W. E. Weihl
11.1
Overall structure
218
11.2
Implementations of guardians
222
11.3
How transactions were used
227
11.4
Application-specific concurrency control
228
11.5
Discussion
233
11.6
References
234
12
Theory of Nested Transactions
237
W. E. Weihl
121
Issues raised by nesting
237
12.2
Goals
238
12.3
Relation to other work
239
12.4
Basic model
240
12.4.1
Transactions
241
12.4.2
Serial objects
243
12.4.3
The serial scheduler
246
12.5
Alternative notions of correctness
249
12.6
Modeling algorithms
251
12.6.1
Concurrent systems
252
12.6.2
Type-specific locking
255
XIV CONTENTS
12.7
Discussion
259
12.8
References
260
PART VI Replication
263
13
Replicated Data and Partition Failures
265
S. B.
Davidson
13.1
Correctness versus availability
266
13.2
The notion of correctness
268
13.2.1
Anomalies
268
13.2.2
One-copy serializability
270
13.2.3
Partitioned operation
273
13.2.4
Modeling partitioned behaviour
275
13.3
Quorum-based approaches
277
13.3.1
Assigning votes
278
13.3.2
Failure-mode quorums
279
13.3.3
One-copy reads
281
13.4
Querying in the face of partitions
282
13.4.1
Approximating queries
283
13.4.2
Example of an approximating query
285
13.5
Conclusions
289
13.6
References
289
14
Reliable Broadcast Protocols
293
T. A. Joseph and K. P.
Birman
14.1
System model
294
14.2
Failure model
296
14.3
Atomic broadcast protocols
297
14.4
More complex protocols
299
14.5
Ordered broadcast protocols
299
14.6
Weaker
orderings
304
14.7
Real-time delivery guarantees
308
14.8
Broadcasts to dynamically changing groups
310
14.9
Degraded behaviour
313
14.10
Conclusion
315
14.11
References
316
15
Exploiting replication in distributed systems
319
K. P. Birman
and T. A. Joseph
15.1
Replication in directly distributed systems
319
15.1.1
Using replication to enhance availability and fault-tolerance
319
15.1.2
The trade off between shared memory and message passing
320
15.1.3
Assumptions and limitations
321
15.2
Consistent distributed behaviour in distributed systems
321
15.3
A toolkit for directly distributed programming
323
CONTENTS
15.3.1
Components of the toolkit
324
15.3.2
Consistency viewed as a tool
325
15.3.3
Other properties needed in a toolkit
326
15.4
System support for direct interactions between processes
327
15.4.1
Basic RPC mechanisms and nested transactions
327
15.4.2
Quorum replication methods
328
15.4.3
The V system
330
15.4.4
The Linda kernel
331
15.4.5
The HAS system
333
15.4.6
The ISIS system
334
15.5
An execution model for virtual synchrony
335
15.5.1
Modelling a synchronous execution
336
15.5.2
Modelling a loosely synchronous execution
337
15.5.3
Modelling a virtually synchronous execution
338
15.6
Comparing virtual synchrony with other models
339
15.6.1
Transactional serializability
339
15.6.2
Virtual synchrony in quorum-based schemes
340
15.7
System support for virtual synchrony
341
15.7.1
The ISIS virtually synchronous toolkit
341
15.7.2
Groups and group communication
341
15.7.3
When can synchronization be relaxed?
342
15.7.4
Shared tuple space
343
15.7.5
Shared token
343
15.7.6
Replicated data with mutual exclusion
346
15.7.7
Dealing with failures
348
15.8
Other virtually synchronous tools
349
15.8.1
Distributed execution
349
15.8.2
System configuration and reconfiguration
351
15.8.3
Recovery
352
15.9
Orthogonality issues
353
15.10
Scaling, synchrony and virtual synchrony
354
15.11
An example of ISIS software and performance
355
15.12
Theoretical properties of virtually synchronous systems
361
15.12.1
How faithful can a virtually synchronous execution be?
361
15.12.2
State machine approach
362
15.12.3
Representing and using IPC context information
362
15.12.4
When can a problem be solved asynchronously?
363
15.12.5
Knowledge in virtually synchronous systems
364
15.13
Acknowledgements
365
15.14
References
365
CONTENTS
XVI
PART
VII
Methodology and Architecture
369
16
High-Level Specifications for Distributed Programs
371
W. E. Weihl
16.1
A distributed dictionary
373
16.2
Discussion
376
16.3
Grapevine
377
16.4
Limiting non-determinism
383
16.5
Conclusions
385
16.6
References
388
17
The
ANSA
Project and Standards
391
A.J. Herbert
17.1
The
ANS A
project
391
17.1.1
Background
391
17.2
Activities
393
17.3
Standards
394
17.4
Standards for distributed processing
395
17.4.1
Diversity
395
17.4.2
Fragmentation
396
17.4.3
Limitations of
OSI
397
17.4.4
Open distributed processing
398
17.5
References
399
18
The Advanced Networked Systems Architecture
401
A.J. Herbert
18.1
Introduction
401
18.2
ANSA
and the system design process
402
18.3
Modelling requirements
404
18.3.1
Classification and types
405
18.3.2
Decomposition and epochs
406
18.3.3
Physical realizability
407
18.4
Viewpoints on distributed processing
408
18.4.1
Enterprise projection
408
18.4.2
Information projection
409
18.4.3
Computational projection
410
18.4.4
Engineering projection
410
18.4.5
Technology projection
412
18.5
Scope of
ANSA
412
18.6
Conformance
413
18.7
References
414
19
The Computational Projection of
ANSA
417
A.J. Herbert
19.1
Introduction
417
CONTENTS
XVII
19.1.1
Background
417
19.1.2 Interface
definition language
418
19.1.3
Automatic target language mapping
418
19.1.4
Distributed application building
419
19.1.5
Objects and interfaces
420
19.2
Operations
421
19.2.1
Synchronous operations
421
19.2.2
Sequential invocations
423
19.2.3
Parallel invocations
423
19.2.4
Atomic operations
424
19.2.5
Asynchronous operations
424
19.2.6
Secure operations
426
19.3
Interface provision
427
19.3.1
Synchronization
427
19.3.2
Operation properties
428
19.3.3
Nested interfaces
431
19.4
Binding
432
19.5
Objects
432
19.6
Abstract types
433
19.7
Interface constraint processing
435
19.8
The trader
435
19.9
References
436
PART
VIII
Conclusions 439
20
How robust are distributed systems?
441
K. P.
Birman
20.1
Predicting the behaviour of a distributed system
442
20.2
Technology and social responsibility
20.3
Principles for distributed computing
20.4
Future directions
20.4.1
Scaling and administration of file systems
44?
20.4.2
Security and authentication in transactional contexts
449
20.4.3
Replication-based systems
20.5
Changing the way people think about distributed computing
450
20.6
Acknowledgments
453
ΙικΙί·
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| spelling | Distributed systems ed. by Sape Mullender Repr. Wokingham u.a. Addison-Wesley u.a. 1991 XXIII, 458 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier ACM Press frontier series Literaturangaben Verteiltes Betriebssystem (DE-588)4243910-3 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)1071861417 Konferenzschrift gnd-content Verteiltes Betriebssystem (DE-588)4243910-3 s DE-604 Mullender, Sape Sonstige oth Digitalisierung TU Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003434506&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Distributed systems Verteiltes Betriebssystem (DE-588)4243910-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4243910-3 (DE-588)1071861417 |
| title | Distributed systems |
| title_auth | Distributed systems |
| title_exact_search | Distributed systems |
| title_full | Distributed systems ed. by Sape Mullender |
| title_fullStr | Distributed systems ed. by Sape Mullender |
| title_full_unstemmed | Distributed systems ed. by Sape Mullender |
| title_short | Distributed systems |
| title_sort | distributed systems |
| topic | Verteiltes Betriebssystem (DE-588)4243910-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Verteiltes Betriebssystem Konferenzschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003434506&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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