Chinese enterprise management: reforms in economic perspective
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Thesis Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Berlin u.a.
<<de>> Gruyter
1992
|
| Series: | De Gruyter studies in organization
41 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XVII, 324 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 3110134802 |
Staff View
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804119624387657728 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
List of Tables XV
List of Appendices XVI
List of Figures XVII
An Introductory Overview 1
Chapter One: Genesis of the Chinese Reform Model
1. New Leaders, New Direction 7
1.1 Readjustment and Reform of the Maoist Chinese Model 7
1.2 Impetus for Reforms 9
1.3 Review of Economic Performance of Reform 11
2. Enterprise Management Reforms of the Chinese Model 14
2.1 Macro Management and Micro Management of State Owned
Enterprises 16
2.2 Decentralisation under Maoist Rule 18
2.3 Decision Making Powers for State Owned Enterprises 19
2.4 Some Differences in Reform Implementation between China
and the Former USSR 20
3. Dynamics of the Chinese Reform Model 22
4. Conclusions 26
Chapter Two: The Market Plan Controversy in China
1. Ideological Diversity in Reform Policy Making 29
1.1 The Planning Approach 30
1.2 The Class Struggle Approach 32
1.3 Politics and Factory Management 33
2. The Reformist Approach of Post Mao Period 35
2.1 Reform Proposals of Conservative Reformers 36
2.2 Liberal Reformers Led the Way for Marketisation 38
3. The Market in the Planned Chinese Economy 41
3.1 Market Withering Away Approach in Policy Making 41
X Contents
3.2 Consumer Goods Market 43
3.3 Producer Goods 43
4. Economic Debates in the 1990s 45
5. Conclusions 46
Chapter Three: Decentralisation of Decision Making to the Firms
1. System Specific Features of the Planned Economy 54
1.1 State Ownership 54
1.2 Central Planning the Tool of Economic Co ordination 59
1.3 Increasing Complex and Changing Industrial Structure 63
2. The Pacesetter of Reform 63
2.1 New Guidelines for Decentralisation of Decision Making 65
2.2 Above plan Production and Problem of Supplies 67
3. Post Mao Marketisation in China 69
3.1 Consumer Goods Market 71
3.2 Producer Goods Market 71
3.3 Price Revisions 72
3.4 Role of the Bureaucracy in Marketisation with Problems of
Corruption and Power Abuse 74
4. Conclusions 76
Chapter Four: Profit Sharing Systems under Management Reform:
More Financial Powers for Firms
1. Investment Decentralisation 82
2. New Rules for Profit Distribution 85
2.1 Old Profit Delivery System 85
2.2 The 1978 Enterprise Fund System 86
2.3 Profit Retention System 88
2.4 Profit Contract Method 94
3. Industrial Economic Responsibility System 95
4. Conclusions 97
Chapter Five: Financial Reforms: Enterprise Taxation System,
Contract Management Responsibility System and
Enterprise Losses
1. Changeover from Profit Retention to Enterprise Taxation 102
1.1 New Role for Taxation in Profit Distribution 102
Contents XI
1.2 Implementation of Enterprise Taxation System 104
1.3 Funding for Fixed Assets and Working Capital 107
J2. Contract Management Responsibility System 108
I 2.1 Terms of the Contract Management System 109
/ 2.2 Implementation of the Contract Management System 110
/ 2.3 Incompatibility of Administrative Price Structure 113 ,
I 3. Financial Losses in State Owned Enterprises 114 j
3.1 Mounting Enterprise Losses 115
3.2 Administrative Price Fixing: A Causal Factor of Losses 117
3.3 Other Causes of Enterprise Losses 117
3.4 Soft Budget Constraints 118
4. The Enterprise Bankruptcy Law 120
4.1 Implications of the Bankruptcy Law 121
4.2 Merger as a Solution to Management Failure 123
5. Conclusions 124
Chapter Six: Policy Issues on Labour and Wages
1. Legacy of Soviet Wage Model and Proletarian Line on Wages . . 132
1.1 Main Functions of Wages in State Socialist Economies 132
1.2 Weaknesses of Soviet Wage Model in Chinese Context 134
1.3 Radical Maoist Approach to Wage Incentives 139
1.4 Egalitarian Income Policies 141
2. Labour Allocation and Differential Labour Status . 143
2.1 Minimal Role of Wages in Labour Allocation before 1978 143
2.2 Breaking State Monopoly of Labour Allocation . 144
2.3 Employment Segmentation in State and Collective Sectors ..... 146
2.4 Temporary Workers . 150
3. Reform of Employment Relations in State Owned Firms ...... 152
3.1 New Labour Contract System . 152
3.2 Surplus Labour Shake up . 155
4. Conclusions . 157
Chapter Seven: Material Incentives in Command
1. Post Mao Policy Based on Material Incentives . 159
2. Wage Trends, Labour Productivity and Inflation . 161
3. National Wage Adjustments . 165
3.1 The 1977 Wage Adjustment . 165
3.2 The 1978 Wage Adjustment . 166
Xll Contents
3.3 The 1979 Wage Adjustment 167
3.4 The 1981/82 Wage Adjustment 168
3.5 The 1983 Wage Adjustment 168
4. Ineffective Linkage of Pay and Performance 169
4.1 Rapid Growth in the Magnitude of Bonuses 169
4.2 Egalitarian Distribution of Bonuses 172
4.3 New Bonus Tax and Wage Tax 173
5. Social Wages and the Cost of State Subsidies 176
6. Conclusions 179
Chapter Eight: Post Mao Wage Reforms: Floating Wages and
Cadre Wage Reform
1. Multiple Approach to Wage Reform 184
2. A Major Mode of Wage Reform: Floating Wages in Factories .... 185
2.1 Floating Variable Wages 186
2.2 Floating Enterprise Payroll 188
3. The Cadre Wage System 190
3.1 Early Wage Systems for Cadres and Workers 191
3.2 First National Wage Reform in 1952 193
3.3 Second National Wage Reform in 1956 195
4. Post Mao Cadre Wage Reform 200
4.1 The 1985 Reform of the Cadre Wage System 200
4.2 1988 Adjustment of Wages of the Intellectual Group 201
4.3 The 1989 Adjustment of Cadre Wages 202
5. Conclusions 205
Chapter Nine: Sichuan No. 1 Textile Factory: A Case Study
1. Authority Relations between Factory Manager and CCP Committee
208
1.1 CCP Involvement in Factory Management 209
1.2 The Enterprise Law 210
2. Brief History and Background of the Sichuan No. 1 Textile Factory . 211
3. Organisation Structure and Workforce 213
3.1 Management Staff in the Sichuan No. 1 Textile Factory 213
3.2 Higher Skills Essential for Enterprise Reform 218
3.3 Skill Formation in the STF 220
4. Workers Congress in the Sichuan No. 1 Textile Factory 223
4.1 Functions of the Workers Congress in the STF 224
Contents XIII
4.2 Powers of Workers Congress 225
4.3 Workers Congress Trade Union Relations 227
5. Conclusions 229
Chapter Ten: Case Study: Decentralisation of Decision Making
Powers
1. State Plan and Above Plan Production 232
1.1 Output Planning in Textile Industry 232
1.2 Output Planning in the Sichuan No.1 Textile Factory 233
1.3 Realisable Plan with Capacity for Above Plan Output 234
1.4 Plan Indicators 237
2. Supplies and Sales 242
3. Limited Powers over Labour 246
3.1 Dismantling State Monopoly in Recruitment 247
3.2 Recruitment of Workers Relatives 249
4. Non Production Investments 250
5. Production Investment Decisions 253
5.1 Production Expansion in Sichuan No. 1 Textile Factory 253
5.2 Joint Ventures and Vertical Integration 256
5.3 An Example of Limited Management Autonomy 257
6. Conclusions 258
Chapter Eleven: Case Study: Wage Reform in Sichuan No. 1
Textile Factory
1. Structural Wage Reform in Sichuan No. 1 Textile Factory 261
1.1 Funding of the Enterprise Payroll 262
1.2 Three Wage Sub Systems in the Sichuan No. 1 Textile Factory . . . 263
2. New Textile Operatives Wage System and New Workers
Wage Grade System 266
3. New Staff Wage System 272
4. The Bonus System 273
4.1 The Bonus Component of Wages 273
4.2 The Fixes and Guarantees Bonus System 275
4.3 Methods of Issuing Bonuses to Individuals 277
5. Conclusions 279
XIV Contents
Chapter Twelve: Management Reforms: Retrospect and Prospect
1. Non Existent Factor Markets 286
2. Ideological and Political Perspectives on Management Reforms . . 287
3. Economic Perspective on Management Reforms 286
3.1 Macro Level Enterprise Management 287
4. The Crisis in Enterprise Management 289
5. Reform Prospects and the Open Door Policy 294
6. The Eighth Five Year Plan and Prospects for the 1990s 299
References 303
Index 317
List of Tables
Table 1.1 Comparison of Financial Results of State Industrial Firms
Table 1.2 Growth of Economic Aggregates, 1979 1989
Table 1.3 State Owned Industrial Enterprises: Factor Productivity and Costs,
1979 1989
Table 1.4 Comparison of Output of Selected Major Industrial Goods in
China, 1978 and 1988
Table 3.1 Selected Economic Indicators by Ownership
Table 3.2 Non Agricultural Labour Force by Ownership, 1978, 1989 and 1990
Table 4.1 Investments of State Owned Units, 1978 1989
Table 4.2 Above Plan Profit Retention of State Firms, 1979
Table 4.3 Profit Retention of State Industrial Firms, 1952
Table 5.1 Profits and Taxes of State Owned Enterprises, 1978 1989
Table 5.2 State Industrial Enterprises: State Subsidies and Enterprise Losses,
1986 1990
Table 6.1 State Industrial Wage Systems Since 1956
Table 6.2 Increases in Wages, Labour Productivity, National Income, and
Accumulation in China, 1953 1975
Table 6.3 Trends of Average Wage of Employees in State Owned Units,
1952 1990
Table 6.4 Employment Structure of Chinese Labour Force, 1978 1990
Table 6.5 Chinese Labour Market Segmentation, 1978 1990
Table 6.6 Temporary Workers in State Owned Units, 1978 1989
Table 6.7 Workers Recruited under the New Labour Contract System,
1982 1989
Table 7.1 Retail Prices and Cost of Living Indices, 1978 1990
Table 7.2 Average Annual Wages, Bonuses and Subsidy Payments,
1978 1989 and 1990*
Table 7.3 Bonus and Wage Taxes Introduced in 1985
Table 7.4 Wage Composition in Chinese State Owned Units, 1978 1990
Table 7.5 Labour Insurance and Welfare Expenditure in State Owned Units,
1989
Table 8.1 Industrial Cadre Wage System, 1956 1963
Table 8.2 National Wage Schedule of Employees in State Organisations Set
Up in 1956
Table 8.3 Wage Schedule of Academic Staff in China before 1989 Wage
Adjustment: Monthly Basic and Status Wages in Beijing
XVI
Table 8.4 Wages of Academic Staff in China after 1989 Wage Adjustment:
Monthly Combined Basic and Status Wages in Beijing
Table 9.1 Composition of Workforce in STF, 1983 and 1985
Table 9.2 Composition of Cadres in STF, June 1983
Table 9.3 Participation Rates in Adult Education Programme (AEP) in
Chengdu City
Table 9.4 New Occupations after Completing TV University Courses in
Chengdu City, 1983
Table 10.1 Sichuan No. 1 Textile Factory: State Plan and Output, 1979 1984
Table 10.2 Bureau Targets and Sichuan Textile Factory s Performance,
December 1982
Table 10.3 Sichuan Textile Factory s Performance Compared with Other
Textile Firms, April 1983
Table 10.4 China: Expansion of Non Productive Investments, 1981 1985
Table 10.5 Sichuan Textile Factory: Enterprise Fund and Production
Development Fund, 1979 1984
Table 10.6 Sichuan No. 1 Textile Factory: Production Development,1979 1983
Table 11.1 Sichuan No. 1 Textile Factory: Workforce Composition of New
Wage Systems
Table 11.2 Sichuan No. 1 Textile Factory: Composition of Wage Expenditure,
1983
Table 11.3 Sichuan No. 1 Textile Factory: Old Monthly Wage Rates of
Operatives Wage System, 1965 1981
Table 11.4 Sichuan No. 1 Textile Factory: Textile Operatives New Wage
System after Wage Reform
Table 11.5 Sichuan No. 1 Textile Factory: The Eight Grade Wage System
before Wage Reform
Table 11.6 Sichuan No. 1 Textile Factory: New 15 Grade Wage System after
Wage Reform
Table 11.7 Sichuan No. 1 Textile Factory: New Staff Wage System after Wage
Reform
Table 11.8 Sichuan No. 1 Textile Factory: Bonus Payments and Wages,
1978 1983
Table 11.9 Sichuan No. 1 Textile Factory: Work Targets for 100 Points Bonus
Method
List of Appendices
Appendix 5.1 Progressive Income Tax Rates for Small State Owned
Enterprises
Appendix 11.1 Responsibilities of Spinning and Weaving Workshops
XVII
Appendix 11.2 Responsibilities of Deputy Factory Manager in Charge of
Production, Accounts, and Sales
Appendix 11.3 Responsibilities of Safety and Environmental Protection
Department
List of Figures
Figure 1.1 Industrial Management and Planning Hierarchy in China
Figure 7.1 Growth of Labour Productivity and Wages in State Enterprises,
1978 1989
Figure 7.2 Increases in Prices and Wages of Employees in State Enterprises,
1978 1990
Figure 7.3 Wage Composition in State Organisations, 1978 and 1989
Figure 9.1 The Line Function System of Management
Figure 10.1 Marketisation Trend in State Industrial Sectors during First Stage
of Reform
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Jackson, Sukhan |
| author_GND | (DE-588)170247228 |
| author_facet | Jackson, Sukhan |
| author_role | aut |
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| author_variant | s j sj |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV005415051 |
| callnumber-first | H - Social Science |
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| callnumber-raw | HD4318.J33 1992 |
| callnumber-search | HD4318.J33 1992 |
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| callnumber-subject | HD - Industries, Land Use, Labor |
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| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)26014270 (DE-599)BVBBV005415051 |
| dewey-full | 338.62/095120 338.62/0951 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 338 - Production |
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| dewey-search | 338.62/0951 20 338.62/0951 |
| dewey-sort | 3338.62 3951 220 |
| dewey-tens | 330 - Economics |
| discipline | Rechtswissenschaft Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| era | Geschichte 1977-1992 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1977-1992 |
| format | Thesis Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Hochschulschrift |
| geographic | China -- Economic policy -- 1976- China (DE-588)4009937-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | China -- Economic policy -- 1976- China |
| id | DE-604.BV005415051 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T16:29:09Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3110134802 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-003387344 |
| oclc_num | 26014270 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-384 DE-703 DE-739 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-N2 DE-521 DE-11 DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-384 DE-703 DE-739 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-N2 DE-521 DE-11 DE-188 |
| physical | XVII, 324 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1992 |
| publishDateSearch | 1992 |
| publishDateSort | 1992 |
| publisher | <<de>> Gruyter |
| record_format | marc |
| series | De Gruyter studies in organization |
| series2 | De Gruyter studies in organization |
| spelling | Jackson, Sukhan Verfasser (DE-588)170247228 aut Chinese enterprise management reforms in economic perspective Sukhan Jackson Berlin u.a. <<de>> Gruyter 1992 XVII, 324 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier De Gruyter studies in organization 41 Teilw. zugl.: Griffith Univ., Australia, Diss., 1988 Geschichte 1977-1992 gnd rswk-swf Economische politiek gtt Management gtt Wirtschaftspolitik Government business enterprises -- China -- Management Industrial management -- China Management (DE-588)4037278-9 gnd rswk-swf Wirtschaftsreform (DE-588)4066512-4 gnd rswk-swf Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 gnd rswk-swf Staatsunternehmen (DE-588)4209689-3 gnd rswk-swf China -- Economic policy -- 1976- China (DE-588)4009937-4 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content China (DE-588)4009937-4 g Management (DE-588)4037278-9 s Wirtschaftsreform (DE-588)4066512-4 s Geschichte 1977-1992 z DE-604 Staatsunternehmen (DE-588)4209689-3 s Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 s De Gruyter studies in organization 41 (DE-604)BV000015072 41 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003387344&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Jackson, Sukhan Chinese enterprise management reforms in economic perspective De Gruyter studies in organization Economische politiek gtt Management gtt Wirtschaftspolitik Government business enterprises -- China -- Management Industrial management -- China Management (DE-588)4037278-9 gnd Wirtschaftsreform (DE-588)4066512-4 gnd Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 gnd Staatsunternehmen (DE-588)4209689-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4037278-9 (DE-588)4066512-4 (DE-588)4066493-4 (DE-588)4209689-3 (DE-588)4009937-4 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Chinese enterprise management reforms in economic perspective |
| title_auth | Chinese enterprise management reforms in economic perspective |
| title_exact_search | Chinese enterprise management reforms in economic perspective |
| title_full | Chinese enterprise management reforms in economic perspective Sukhan Jackson |
| title_fullStr | Chinese enterprise management reforms in economic perspective Sukhan Jackson |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chinese enterprise management reforms in economic perspective Sukhan Jackson |
| title_short | Chinese enterprise management |
| title_sort | chinese enterprise management reforms in economic perspective |
| title_sub | reforms in economic perspective |
| topic | Economische politiek gtt Management gtt Wirtschaftspolitik Government business enterprises -- China -- Management Industrial management -- China Management (DE-588)4037278-9 gnd Wirtschaftsreform (DE-588)4066512-4 gnd Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 gnd Staatsunternehmen (DE-588)4209689-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Economische politiek Management Wirtschaftspolitik Government business enterprises -- China -- Management Industrial management -- China Wirtschaftsreform Staatsunternehmen China -- Economic policy -- 1976- China Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003387344&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV000015072 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jacksonsukhan chineseenterprisemanagementreformsineconomicperspective |