Islamic peoples of the Soviet Union: an historical and statistical handbook with an appendix on the non-Muslim Turkic peoples of the Soviet Union
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London [u.a.]
Routledge and Kegan Paul Inc.
1986
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverz. S. 446 - 452 |
| Beschreibung: | XIII, 462 S. |
| ISBN: | 071030188X |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface xi
Preface to the Second Edition xii
Acknowledgments xiii
1 Introduction 1
2 General information 16
The Soviet Union 16
Structure; Citizenship and Nationality; Economic Status; Education;
Language; Religion; Composition and Distribution of Peoples; General
Statistics
Explanatory notes 50
Transliteration 53
Abbreviations 53
Glossary 54
3 European USSR and Siberia 55
(Peoples shcnxm below in small type do not constitute separate Soviet
‘nationalities’)
TATARS (VOLGA) 55
CHUVASH 70
BASHKIRS 77
Byelorussian and Lithuanian Tatars 85
Crimean Tatars 87
Siberian Tatars (Baraba, Chulym, Tara, etc.) 93
Bukharans of Siberia 98
Kundurs 99
Mishars/Meshcherjaks 99
Nagaibaks 100
Teptjars 101
Miscellaneous (Maris, Mordvinians, Udmurts,
Besermen, etc.) 102
Vll
Vlll
Contents
4 Transcaucasia and Northern Caucasus 105
AZERBAIDZHANIS 105
PEOPLES OF DAGHESTAN 122
including:
AVARS 133
LEZGHIS/LEZGHIANS 138
D ARGHIN S/D ARGHIS 143
KUMYKS 147
LAKS 151
TABASARANS 156
NOGAIS 159
RUTULS/RUTULIS 164
TSAKHURS/TSAKHURIS 168
AGULS/AGULIS 171
CHECHEN 175
OSSETIANS/OSSETES 181
KABARDIANS/KABARDINIANS 190
INGUSH 197
KARACHAIS 202
KURDS 208
ADYGEIS 215
ABKHAZIANS 220
BALKARS 226
CHERKE S S/CIRC AS SIAN S 230
ABAZINS 236
TATS 239
Adzhars 243
Airums/Airyms 245
Akhvakhs 246
Andis/Andiis 246
Archins 247
Bagulals 248
Botlikhs 248
Budukhs 249
Chamals 249
Didois/Tsezes 250
Godoberins 251
Inghiloys 251
Kaitaks 252
Kapuchins/Bezhetins 253
Karapapakhs 254
Contents
IX
Karatais/Karatins 255
Khemshins/Khemshils 255
Khinalugs 256
Khunzals/Gunzibs 257
Khvarshins 257
Kryzes/Dzheks 258
Kubachis 259
Lazes 259
Meskhetian Turks 261
Persians 262
Shahsevens 262
Talysh 262
Tindis 264
Truchmen 265
Miscellaneous 265
5 Central Asia and Kazakhstan 266
UZBEKS 266
KAZAKHS 286
TADZHIKS 302
TURKMEN/TURCOMANS 313
KIRGHIZ 327
KARAKALPAKS 338
UIGHURS 345
DUNGANS 351
PERSIANS/IRANIS 356
BALUCHIS 359
AFGHANS 363
Arabs 366
Chalas 370
Dzhamshids (Jamshids) 370
Gypsies of Central Asia 371
Hazaras and Barbaris 372
Kashgarlyks 373
Kipchaks 373
Kuramas 374
Pamiris/Galchahs/Mountain Tadzhiks (Shugnis, etc.) 374
Sart Kalmyks 379
Taranchis 380
Turks of Ferghana and Samarkand 381
Ottoman Turks 381
Yagnobis 382
X
Contents
Appendix: Non-Muslim Turkic peoples of the Soviet
Union 384
Yakuts 390
Gagauz 397
Tuvinians 400
Khakass 405
Altais/Oirots 411
Shors 417
Dolgans 420
Karaims/Karaites 423
Tofas/Karagas 428
Kamasins 431
Krjashens 431
Krymchaks/Krimchaks 433
Kumandins 434
Telengits 434
Teleuts 435
Tubas 436
Urums, Mariupol’ Greeks 436
Maps
The Soviet Union 14—15
Regional Distribution of the Islamic Peoples of the Soviet
Union 39
Regional Distribution of the Bashkirs, Chuvash and Tatars 56
Ethnic Distribution in Transcaucasia and Northern Caucasus 108—9
Ethnic Distribution in Central Asia and Kazakhstan 268-9
Regional Distribution of the Turkic Peoples of the Soviet
Union 386
Chronological table 438
Selected bibliography 446
Index 453
Selected bibliography
The following works provide a basic general introduction to the
questions touched upon in this book; most of them give detailed
bibliographies on more specific aspects of these topics.
History, Ethnography and Political Background
Allworth, E., Uzbek Literary Politics, Publications in Near and Middle East
Studies, Columbia University, The Hague, Mouton, 1964.
Allworth, E., Central Asian Publishing and the Rise of Nationalism, New York,
New York Public Library, 1965.
Allworth, E. (ed.), Central Asia: A Century of Russian Rule, London-New
York, Columbia University Press, 1967.
Allworth, E., (ed.), The Nationality Question in Soviet Central Asia, London-
New York-Washington, Praeger, 1973.
Bacon, E., Central Asians Under Russian Rule: A Study in Culture Change,
Ithaca, Cornell University Press, 1966.
Bartol’d, V. V., Four Studies on the History of Central Asia, 3 vols, (trans. V.
and T. Minorsky), Leiden, E. J. Brill, 1956-63.
Bartol’d, V. V., Istorija kuVturnoj zhizni Turkestana (‘History of the Cultural
Life of Turkestan’), Leningrad, AN SSSR, 1927.
Bartol’d, V. V., Turkestan Down to the Mongol Invasion (trans. and rev. H. A.
R. Gibb), E. J. W. Gibb Memorial Series, London, Luzac, 1928; 2nd edn,
1958.
Bennigsen, A., and Lemercier-Quelque)ay, Ch., La Presse et le mouvement
national chez les musulmans de Russie avant 1920, Paris-The Hague, Mouton,
1964.
Caroe, O., Soviet Empire: The Turks of Central Asia and Stalinism, London,
Macmillan, 1953.
Carrère d’Encausse, H., Réforme et révolution chez les musulmans de VEmpire
russe: Bukhara 1867—1924, Paris, Armand Colin, 1966.
Carrère d’Encausse, H., U Empire éclaté: la révolte des nations en U. R. S. S.,
Paris, Flammarion, 1978.
Castagné, J., Le Bolchevisme et VIslam: Revue du Monde Musulman, Paris, vol.
51, 1922.
Castagné, J., Russie Slave et Russie Turque: Revue du Monde Musulman, Paris,
vol. 56, 1923.
Churchward, L. G., Contemporary Soviet Government, London, Routledge
Kegan Paul, 1968.
446
Selected bibliography
447
Conquest, R., The Nation-Killers: The Soviet Deportation of Nationalities,
London, Macmillan, 1970.
Conquest, R. (ed.), Soviet Nationalities Policy in Practice, London, Bodley
Head, 1967.
Czaplicka, M., The Turks of Central Asia, Amsterdam, Philo Press, 1918.
Demko, G. J., The Russian Colonization of Kazakhstan 1896-1916, Uralic and
Altaic Series, Bloomington, Indiana University, vol. 99, The Hague, Mouton,
1960.
Denisov, A., and Kirichenko, M., Soviet State Law (trans. S. Belsky and M.
Saifulin, ed. by D. Ogden and M. Perelman), Moscow, Foreign Language
Publishing House, 1960.
Dyer, S. Rimsky-Korsakoff, Soviet Dungan Kolkhozes in the Kirghiz SSR and
the Kazakh SSR, Canberra, Australian National University Press, 1979.
Gibb, H. A. R., The Arab Conquests in Central Asia, London, Royal Asiatic
Society, 1923.
Goldhagen, E. (ed.), Ethnic Minorities in the Soviet Union, London-New York-
Washington, Praeger, 1968.
Hambly, G., et al, Central Asia, London, Weidenfeld Nicolson, 1969.
Hayit, B., Turkestan im Herzen Eurosiens, Cologne, Studien Verlag, 1980.
Hostler, C., Turkism and the Soviets: The Turks of the World and their Political
Objectives, London, Allen Unwin, 1957.
Katz, Z. (ed.), Handbook of Major Soviet Nationalities, London, Collier
Macmillan, New York, Free Press, 1975.
Kazemzadeh, F., The Struggle for Transcaucasia, 1917—1921, New York, George
Ronald, Oxford Philosophical Library, 1951.
Kolarz, W., Peoples of the Soviet Far East, London, George Philip, 1954.
Krader, L., Peoples of Central Asia, Uralic and Altaic Series, vol. 26,
Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 1966.
Lane, D., Politics and Society in the USSR, revised and updated edn, London,
Martin Robertson, 1978.
Lang, D., A Modern History of Georgia, London, Weidenfeld Nicolson,
1962.
Levin, M. G., and Potapov, L. P., Peoples of Siberia (trans. S. Dunn), Chicago-
London, Chicago University Press, 1964.
Lewis, R. A., and Rowland, R. H., Population Redistribution in the USSR: Its
Impact on Society 1897—1977, New York, Praeger, 1979.
Lewis, R. A., Rowland, R. H., and Clem, R. S., Nationality and Population
Changes in Russia and the Soviet Union: An Evaluation of Census Data, 1897—
1970, London-New York-Washington, Praeger, 1976.
Loewenthal, R., ‘The Extinction of the Krimchaks in World War II’, Slavic
Review, vol. 10, 1951, pp. 130—6.
Lorimer, F., The Population of the Soviet Union: History and Prospects,
Geneva, The League of Nations, 1946.
McCagg Jr., W. A., and Silver, B. D. (eds), Soviet Asian Ethnic Frontiers, New
York-Oxford, Pergamon Policy Studies, 1979.
Manual on the Turanians and Pan-Turanianism, Naval Staff, The Admiralty,
London, (1918).
Minority Rights Group, Report no. 6 (new edn), The Crimean Tatars, Volga
Germans and Meskhetians: Soviet Treatment of Some Minorities, London, 1980.
Narody Kavkaza Narody Sibiri; Narody Srednej . . ., see under Tolstov.
Nekrich, A., The Punished Peoples: The Deportation and Tragic Fate of Soviet
Minorities at the end of the Second World War (trans. G. Saunders), New York,
W. W. Norton, 1978.
448
Selected bibliography
Nove, A., and Newth, J. A., The Soviet Middle East: A Model for
Development?, London, Allen Unwin, 1967.
Park, A. G., Bolshevism in Turkestan 1917-1927, New York, Columbia
University Press, 1957.
Pierce, R. A., Russian Central Asia 1867-1917: A Study in Colonial Rule,
Berkeley, University of California Press, 1960.
Pipes, R., The Formation of the Soviet Union - Communism and Nationalism,
1917—1923, Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, revised edn, 1964.
Rakowska-Harmstone, T., Russia and Nationalism in Central Asia: The Case of
Tadzhikistan, Baltimore-London, Johns Hopkins Press, 1970.
Schapiro, L., The Government and Politics of the Soviet Union, London,
Hutchinson, 1965.
Schuyler, E., Turkistan: Notes of a Journey in Russian Turkistan . . London,
Sampson Low, Marston, Searle Rivington, 1876.
Seydamet, Dzh., Krym (‘The Crimea’), Warsaw, Wydawnictwo instytutu
wschodniego, 1930.
Sharlet, R., The New Soviet Constitution of 1977: Analysis and Text, Brunswick,
Ohio, King’s Court Communications, 1978.
Skrine, F. H., and Ross, E. D., The Heart of Asia: A History of Russian
Turkestan and the Central Asian Khanates from the Earliest Times, London,
Methuen, 1899.
Soviet Asian Ethnic Frontiers. See above under McCagg and Silver.
Tokarev, S., Etnografija narodov SSSR - Istoricheskije osnovy byta i kuVtury
(‘The Ethnography of the Peoples of the USSR - The Historical Foundations
of Their Way of Life and Culture’), Moscow, Moscow University Press, 1958.
Tolstov, S. P. (main ed.), Narody jevropejskoj chasti SSSR II, Narody Kavkaza,
2 vols, Narody Sibiri, Narody Srednej Azii i Kazakhstana, 2 vols (‘Peoples of
the European Part of the USSR II’, . . of the Caucasus’, . . of Siberia’,
. .of Central Asia and Kazakhstan’), Moscow, AN SSSR, 1956-63.
Vaidyanath, R., The Formation of the Soviet Central Asian Republics: A Study
in Soviet Nationalities Policy, 1917-1936, New Delhi, People’s Publishing
House, 1967.
Vámbéry, A., Travels in Central Asia . . . performed in . . . 1863, London, John
Murray, 1864.
Wheeler, G., Racial Problems in Soviet Muslim Asia, London, Oxford
University Press, 1960.
Wheeler, G., The Modern History of Soviet Central Asia, London-New York,
Weidenfeld Nicolson, 1964.
Wheeler, G., The Peoples of Soviet Central Asia, London, Bodley Head, 1966.
Wimbush, S. Enders, and Wíxman, R., ‘The Meskhetian Turks: A New Voice
in Soviet Central Asia’, Canadian Slavonic Papers, Toronto, vol. 17, 1975,
pp. 320-39.
Zajaczkowski, A., Karaims in Poland: History, Language, Folklore, Science,
The Hague-Paris-Warsaw, Mouton, 1961.
Economics and Geography
Conolly, V., Beyond the Urals: Economic Developments in Soviet Asia, London,
Oxford University Press, 1967.
Khan, A. R., and Ghai, D., Collective Agriculture and Rural Development in
Soviet Central Asia, London, Macmillan, 1979.
Lydolph, P., Geography of the USSR, New York, John Wiley, 1964.
McAuley, A., Economic Welfare in the Soviet Union: Poverty, Living Standards,
Selected bibliography
449
and Inequality, Madison, University of Wisconsin Press; London, Allen
Unwin, 1979.
Shabad, T., Basic Industrial Resources of the USSR, London-New York,
Columbia University Press, 1969.
Language
Allworth, E., Nationalities of the Soviet East: Publications and Writing Systems.
A Bibliographical Directory and Transliteration Tables, London-New York,
Columbia University Press, 1971.
Baskakov, N. A., The Turkic Languages of Central Asia: Problems of Planned
Culture Contact (English trans. annotated S. Wurm), Central Asian Research
Centre in Association with St Antony’s College (Oxford) Soviet Affairs Study
Group, London, 1960.
Baskakov, N. A., Vvedenije v izuchenije tjurkskikh jazykov (‘Introduction to the
Study of the Turkic Languages’), Moscow, Vysshaja shkola, 1969.
Baskakov, N. A., Voprosy sovershenstvovanija alfavitov tjurkskikh jazykov SSSR
(‘Questions Concerning the Perfecting of the Alphabets of the Turkic
Languages of the USSR’), Moscow, Nauka, 1972.
Bennigsen, A., and Quelquejay, Ch., The Evolution of the Muslim Nationalities
of the USSR and their Linguistic Problems (trans. G. Wheeler), Central Asian
Research Centre in Association with St Antony’s College (Oxford) Soviet
Affairs Study Group, London, 1961.
Deny, J., et al. (eds), Philologiae Turcicae Fundamenta, 2 vols, Wiesbaden,
Franz Steiner Verlag, 1959—65.
Desherijev, Yu., Razvitije mladopismennikh jazykov narodov SSSR
(‘Development of the Young Literary Languages of the Peoples of the USSR’),
Moscow, Gosudarstvennoje uchebno-ped. izdatel’stvo min. prosveshchenija
RSFSR, 1958.
Desherijev, Yu., Razvitije obshchestvennykh funktsij literaturnykh jazykov (‘The
Development of the Social Functions of the Literary Languages’), Moscow,
Nauka, 1976.
Dirr, A., Einführung in das Studium der kaukasischen Sprachen, Leipzig,
Verlag der Asia Major, 1928.
Geiger, B., et al., People and Languages of the Caucasus, Janua Linguarum, no.
6, The Hague, Mouton, 1959.
Geiger, W., and Kuhn, E., Grundriss der iranischen Philologie, 2 vols,
Strassburg, Verlag von Karl J. Trübner, 1896—1904.
Isayev, M. I., National Languages in the USSR: Problems and Solutions,
Moscow, Progress, 1977.
Jazyki narodov SSSR, see under Vinogradov.
Jünger, H. (ed.), The Literatures of the Soviet Peoples: A Historical and
Biographical Survey, New York, F. Ungar, 1970.
Klimov, G. A., Kavkazskije jazyki, (‘Caucasian Languages’), Moscow, Nauka,
1965.
Lewis, E. G., Multilingualism in the Soviet Union: Aspects of Language Policy
and Its Implementation, Paris-The Hague, Mouton, 1972.
Musajev, K. M., Alfavity jazykov narodov SSSR (‘Alphabets of the Languages
of the People of the USSR’), Moscow, Nauka, 1965.
Philologiae Turcicae Fundamenta. See above under Deny.
Radlov, V. V., Proben der Volkslitteratur der türkischen Stämme Süd-
Sibiriens, 10 vols, St Petersburg, Imperial Academy of Sciences, 1866-1907.
450
Selected bibliography
Vinogradov, V. V. (main ed.), Jazyki narodov SSSR (‘Languages of the
USSR’), particularly vols 1, 2, 4, 5, Moscow, AN SSSR, 1966-8.
Education
Bilinsky, Y., ‘Education of the Non-Russian Peoples in the USSR, 1917-1967:
An Essay’, Slavic Review, University of Illinois, Urban a-Champaign, vol. 27,
no. 3, 1968, pp. 411-37.
De Witt, N., Education and Professional Employment in the U.S.S.R.,
Washington, National Science Foundation, 1961.
Lipsett, H., ‘The Status of National Minority Languages in Soviet Education’,
Soviet Studies, Glasgow, vol. 19, no. 2, 1967—68, pp. 181-9.
Medlin, W. K., Carpenter, F., and Cave, W. M., Education and Development in
Central Asia: A Case Study on Social Change in Uzbekistan, Leiden, E. J.
Brill, 1971.
Prokofjev, M. A. (main ed.), Narodnoje obrazovanije v SSSR: 1917-1967
(‘National Education in the USSR: 1917-1967’), Moscow, Prosveshchenije,
1967.
Silver, B., ‘The Status of National Minority Languages in Soviet Education: An
Assessment of Recent Changes’, Soviet Studies, Glasgow, vol. 26, no. I, 1974,
pp. 28-41.
Tomiak, J. J., The Soviet Union, World Education Series, Newton Abbot, 1972.
Religion
Archimandrite Augustin (Lecturer at Leningrad Theological Academy), ‘Islam
in Russia’, Research Papers, no. 8, 1980, Centre for the Study of Islam and
Christian-Muslim Relations, Selly Oak Colleges, Birmingham.
Arsharuni, A., and Gabidullin, Kh., Ocherki panislamizma i pantjurkizma v
Rossii, (‘Essays on Panislamism and Panturkism in Russia’), Moscow, Ateist,
1931.
Babakhanov, Mufti Ziyauddin Khan, Islam and the Muslims in the Land of the
Soviets, Moscow, Progress, 1980.
Bartol’d, V. V. (ed.), Mir islama (‘World of Islam’), St Petersburg, 1912-13.
Bennigsen, A., and Lemercier-Quelquejay, Ch., Islam in the Soviet Union,
London, Pall Mall; New York, Praeger, 1967; French edn, Paris, Payot, 1968.
Bennigsen, A., ‘Muslim Religious Conservatism and Dissent in the USSR’,
Religion in Communist Lands, Keston College, Keston, vol. 6, no. 3, 1978,
pp. 153-61.
Bennigsen, A., ‘ “Official” Islam in the Soviet Union’, Religion in Communist
Lands, Keston College, Keston, vol. 7, no. 3, 1979, pp. 148—59.
Bobrovnikoff, S., ‘Moslems in Russia’, The Moslem World, London, vol. I, no.
I, 1911, pp. 5-31.
Demidov, S. M., Sufizm v Turkmenii (Evolutsija i perezhitki) (‘Sufism in
Turkmenia (Evolution and Survivals)’), Ashkhabad, Ylym, 1978.
Klimovich, L., Islam v tsarskoj Rossii (‘Islam in Tsarist Russia’), Moscow,
Gosudarstvennoje antireligioznoje izdatel’stvo (‘State antireligious publishing
house’), 1936.
Klimovich, L., Islam, Moscow, Izdatel’stvo politicheskoj literatury (‘publishing
house of political literature’), 1961.
Muslims of the Soviet East, quarterly journal published by the Spiritual
Directorate of Central Asia and Kazakhstan, Tashkent; it appears in Arabic,
English, French and Uzbek (the Uzbek edition is printed in the Arabic script).
Selected bibliography
451
Rahman, F., ‘Evolution of Soviet Policy Towards Muslims in Russia: 1917—
1965% Journal, Institute of Muslim Minority Affairs, King Abdulaziz
University, Jeddah, vol. I, no. 2, 1980, pp. 28—46.
Religion in Communist Lands: for vol. 6, no. 3 and vol. 7, no. 3, see above
under Bennigsen and Lemercier-Quelquejay; for vol. 7, no. 4, see below under
Soper.
Smirnov, N. A., Sovremennyj Islam (‘Contemporary Islam’), Moscow,
Bezbozhnik (‘Atheist’ publishing house), 1930.
Smirnov, N. A., Ocherki istorii izuchenija Islama v Rossii (‘Essays on the
History of the Study of Islam in Russia’), Moscow, AN SSSR, 1954.
Smirnov, N. A., Mjuridizm na Kavkaze (‘Muridism in the Caucasus’), Moscow,
AN SSSR, 1963.
Soper, J., ‘ “Unofficial” Islam: A Muslim Minority in the USSR’, Religion in
Communist Lands, Keston College, Keston, vol. 7, no. 4, 1979, pp. 226-31.
Vakhabov, A., Muslims in the USSR, Moscow, Novosti, 1980.
Zenkovsky, S., Pan-Turkism and Islam in Russia, Cambridge, Mass., Harvard
University Press, 1960.
Encyclopaedias, Census Returns and other Reference Works
BoTshaja sovetskaja entsiklopedija (‘Great Soviet Encyclopaedia’), Moscow,
(Bol’shaja) Sovetskaja entsiklopedija, 1st edn 1926—31, 2nd edn 1949—58, 3rd
edn 1970—78; also annual supplements 1975—80.
Cambridge History of Islam, eds P. M. Holt, A. K. S. Lamb ton and B. Lewis,
vol. I, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1970.
Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1st edn eds M. Th. Houtsma, T. W. Arnold, R. Basset
and R. Hartmann, 4 vols, Leiden, E. J. Brill, 1913-34; new edn eds H. A. R.
Gibb et al., 4 vols (A-Kha), Leiden-London, E. J. Brill and Luzac, 1960—78.
Gazeti SSSR 1917—1960: Bibliograficheskij spravochnik (‘Newspapers of the
USSR: A Bibliographical Handbook’), eds G. L. Jepiskoposov et al., 3 vols,
Moscow, Kniga, 1970.
Itogi vsesojuznaja perepisi naselenija 1959 goda (‘Results of the All-Union
Census of the Population of 1959’), 16 vols, Moscow, TsSU, Gosstatizdat,
1962-63.
Itogi vsesojuznaja perepisi naselenija 1970 goda (‘Results of the All-Union
Census of the Population of 1970’), 7 vols, Moscow, TsSU, Statistika,^1972—74.
Jezhegodnik knigi (‘Yearbook of the Book’: catalogue of all the books published
in the USSR within a specific year), Moscow, Kniga, annual publication; here,
particularly years 1976—78.
KuVturnoje stroiteVstvo SSSR. Statisticheskij sbornik (‘Cultural Construction in
the USSR. A Statistical Compilation’), Moscow, TsSU, 1956.
Letopis* periodicheskikh izdanij SSSR (‘Chronicle of Periodical Publications in
the USSR’: catalogue of all the periodical publications in the USSR), Moscow,
Kniga, five-yearly publication with annual supplements; here, particularly 1971—
75 (Moscow, 1977).
Narodnoje khozjajstvo SSSR (‘The National Economy of the USSR’: statistical
yearbook), Moscow, TsSU, annual publication; here, particularly for 1978,
1979.
The Soviet Union: 50 Years (statistical returns), Moscow, TsSU, Progress, 1969.
Vestnik statistiki (‘Journal of Statistics’), Moscow, Statistika, 1980—83 contains
relevant material material from the 1979 census.
Vsesojuznaja perepis* naselenija 17 dekabrja 1926 goda (‘All-Union Census of the
452
Selected bibliography
Population of 17 December 1926’), 17 vols, Moscow, TsSU Sojuza, 1929.
Vsesojuznaja perepis9 naselenija 1970 goda: Sbornik statej (‘All-Union Census of
the Population of 1970: Collected Articles’), ed. G. M. Maksimov, Moscow,
Statistika, 1976.
Index
Abakan Tatars, see Khakass
Abazins, 27, 29, 41, 44, 161, 236-9;
language, 224, 235, 238—9
Abdul Aziz, Khan, Emir, 285
Abdulaziz, King, 87
Abdullah Khan, 270
Abdullayev (Abdullajev), Sheikh
Abdulgani, 34, 37, 284
Abdur Rahman, 376
Abkhazia, Abkhazian SSR/ASSR, 42,
221-5, 236, 437
Abkhazians, 24, 26, 28, 41-4, 220-6;
language, 194, 224—6, 238
Abu Hanifah, 5
Abu Muslim, 133
Abul Khayr, 94, 270, 301
Achaemenians, 105, 266, 302, 314
Adygei Autonomous Province,
Adygeja, 42, 215-20, 231-2
Adygeis, 24, 26, 28, 40-4, 190,
215-20, 231-3; language, 194,
219-20, 234
Adzhar ASSR, 221, 244, 259
Adzhars, 243—5; language, 245
Afghanistan, 209, 304, 316, 329,
365—7, 372, 375—9, 387; adjacent to,
274, 305, 317, 375; other
nationalities in, 286, 302, 313, 327,
338, 345, 363, 370
Afghans, 106, 363—6; languages (Dari
and Pushtu), 364—5
Aga Khan, 4, 33
Agha Mohammed, 107, 265
Aguls, 26, 28, 40, 171-5; language,
158, 173—4; see also 122—33
Ahli-i Haqq, 33, 214
Ahmad Shah Durrani, 375
Ahmedov, Mufti Ismail, 35, 121
Ahunzade (Akhundov), Mirza Fath
Ali, 107
Airums (Airyms), 245
Ak-koyunlu, 106, 314
Alans, 182, 202, 216, 227
Alash Orda, 290
Al-Azhar, 37, 69, 87, 284
Al-Bakhrazi, 69
Al-Bukhari, Ismail, 38, 284; medresse,
37, 68, 284
Alexander the Great, 266, 302, 375
’Ali-ilahi, 33, 214
Al-Kubra, Najm ad-din, 6, 285, 345
Altais, 94, 103, 388-90, 411-17, 434-6;
language, 415-16, 434—6; see also
Gorno-Altai Autonomous Province
Altynsarin, Ibraj, 290
Al-Quarawiyin, 37
Amu Darya (Oxus), 274, 315, 339, 385
Anglo-Russian Boundary Commission,
316
Andis, 246-7
An-Naqshbandi, Baha ad-din, 6, 285
’Aqiqah, 32
Arabic, 35—8, 282, 284, 311; as literary
language of the Caucasus, 130—2,
134, 145, 166-7, 252-3, 259; see
section on language under individual
peoples for lexical influence of
Arabic; script, 11, 30-1, 38, 266,
285, 290, 300, 350, 361, 432; see also
section on scripts under individual
peoples; Arabic spoken by Soviet
Arabs, 368-9
Arabs, in Central Asia, 266, 303, 314;
in Transcaucasia and Northern
Caucasus, 4, 105, 123, 133, 138,
156, 165, 172, 221, 243, 252; in
USSR, 366-9
Araks, river, 107, 111, 208, 254
454
Index
Archins, 247
Armenia, Armenian SSR, 105, 110,
118, 208—14
Armenian, 118-19, 175, 209-14, 252,
255-6, 261-2
Ash-Shafi’i, Muhammed, 5
Astrakhan, 8, 57, 66, 160, 270, 289,
431; dialect of Tatar, 65
Astrakhanids of Bukhara, 270
As-Sadiq, Ja’far, 5
Ata, 6; Chopan-ata, 286; Gozli-ata,
326; Isamamut-ata, 32
At-Tirmizi, Hadith of, 38, 285
Avars, 3, 24, 26, 28, 40, 133-7, 148,
151, 168, 175, 246-58, 264; see also
122-33
Azerbaidzhán, Azerbaidzhán SSR
(AzSSR), 17, 35-6, 42, 105-22, 126,
138, 169-70, 239-40, 245, 251, 258,
262-5, 389 adjacent to, 126; in
tables on, 22, 42, 113-15, 135, 139,
169, 210, 357, 389
Azerbaidzhanis, 2-3, 33, 105-22, 245,
254, 261-5; language, 3, 117-21,
141, 166-7, 170, 249, 251, 254, 256,
258, 261-3; in tables, 24, 26, 28, 40-
4, 48, 112-18, 127-9, 388-9
Baba, 6; Zengi-baba, 286
Babakhanov, Mufti, 34-5, 38, 284-5
Babur, 270, 301
Bagulals, 248
Baha’is, 33, 326
Baisenbayev (Baisenbajev), Sheikh
Yahya, 301
Baku, 3, 106-7, 110, 117, 119-20, 215,
226, 243-5, 263
Bala-Katais, 77
Balkaria, 227; see also Kabardino-
Balkar ASSR
Balkars, 23-4, 26, 28,31, 41-4, 191,
202, 226-30, 385, 388-90; language,
see Karachais
Baluchis, 26, 29, 41, 44, 359-62;
language, 361-2
Baraba, Steppe, 95, 97; Tatars, 64, 94,
96-7
Barak-Khan medresse, 284; see also
Al-Bukhari medresse
Barbaris, 272-3
Bartangis, 375-9
Bashkiria, Bashkir ASSR, 35, 62, 66,
72-3, 76-83, 100-3; adjacent to, 60;
in tables, 42, 61, 72-3, 80, 390
Bashkirs, 8, 10, 77-84, 100-1;
language, 23, 82—4, 97, 394; in
tables, 24, 26, 28, 40-4, 48, 80-3,
388-90
Basmachis, 273, 304
Batal Hadzhi, 132
Batu, 77, 94
Beltirs, 406
Berke Khan, 4, 69
Besermen, 103
Beskesek-Abaza, 237; see also Abazins
Bessarabia, 388, 397
Bibarsov, Abbas, 35
Bolotnikov, 57
Bolsheviks, 69, 88, 110, 119, 183, 191,
316
Botlikhs, 248-9
Brahuis, 360
Buddhists, 351, 380, 401, 417
Budukhs, 249
Bukhara, 9, 69, 95, 98-9, 266-74, 281,
285, 301, 304, 310-11, 314-17, 328,
339, 356-7, 366-7, 370-1, 376;
dialect of, 281; medresse, 36-7, 68,
284
Bukharans of Siberia, 96, 98-9
Bulgaria, 69, 397, 399-400
Byelorussia, Byelorussian SSR, 35,
85-7
Byelorussian Tatars, 59, 85-7
Byzantium, 182, 221, 260
Catherine the Great, 9, 58, 78, 84
Caucasian languages, 130-1; groups:
Kartvelian, 245, 251, 260; Lezghi,
141, 158, 166, 170, 247, 249, 256,
258; North East, 136, 145, 154, 179,
200, 246, 248-50, 253, 255, 257, 259,
264; North West, 194, 219, 224, 234,
238, 256, 258
Caucasian peoples, 128, 133, 138, 143,
152, 156, 164, 168, 172, 175, 197,
215, 221, 226, 230, 236, 243, 246-60,
264
Central Asia, see Spiritual Directorate
of Central Asia and Kazakhstan; see
also Deportation of Nationalities
Chagatai, son of Genghiz Khan, 267,
271, 287, 303, 315, 328, 387;
language,3
Chalas, 370
Index
455
Chamals, 126, 249-50
Chechen, 175-8, 197-8; in tables, 24,
26, 28, 40-4, 127, 129, 177-9, 199;
language 160, 179-80, 200-1
Chechnia, Chechen Autonomous
Province, Checheno-Ingush ASSR,
175-81, 197-8; adjacent to, 148,
177; in tables, 42, 177-8, 198
Chelkans, 411, 434
Chemical industries, 60, 72, 79, 110,
177, 192, 203, 274, 291, 305
Cheremiss, see Maris
Cherkess, 190, 230-6; in tables, 24,
26, 28, 40-1, 204—5, 232-5
Cherkess Autonomous Province, 203,
230-3; see also Adygei Autonomous
Province; Karachajevo-Cherkess
Autonomous Province
China, People’s Republic of China, 2,
69, 286, 289, 366, 387, 401, 413;
adjacent to, 291, 305, 329, 376;
other nationalities in, 286, 313, 338,
351, 356, 379
Chinese Muslims, see Dungans
Christian (Orthodox), 2, 4, 5, 10, 11,
68, 77, 103, 131, 164, 226, 242-3,
389, 399, 411, 417, 432, 434;~
Armenian-Gregorian, 196, 240, 243,
252; Catholic, 252
Christianity, 8, 57, 67, 71, 78, 84, 94,
104, 123, 175, 182-3, 190, 227, 236,
243, 251, 260, 392, 397, 406, 417,
420, 423, 432
Chulym Tatars, 97-8
Chuvash, 8, 10, 70-7; in tables, 24, 26,
28, 40-4, 48, 62-3, 72-5, 81, 388-90;
language, 66, 71, 74-6, 83
Chuvashia, Chuvash ASSR, 70-8;
adjacent to, 60; in tables, 42, 61,
72-3; publishing in, 66, 75-6
Circassians, 437; see also Cherkess
Circumcision, 33
Coal, 79, 126, 274, 291, 305, 329-30,
392, 407, 413
Copper, 79, 110, 274, 291, 305, 329,
407
Cotton, 111, 274-5, 291, 305, 317,
330, 340
Crimea, Crimean ASSR, 31, 61-2,
88-9, 385, 389, 423-7, 433
Crimean Horde, 85, 87; Khans, 182-3
Crimean Tatars, 23, 64, 87-93, 160-1,
191, 202, 227, 278, 433; language,
91-3, 282, 433
Cumans, see Kipchaks
Cyrillic script, 30, 71, 76, 290; see also
languages under individual peoples
Daghestan, Daghestan ASSR, 122-75,
198, 239-40, 246-53, 255, 257, 259,
262, 264; adjacent to, 110, 177, 183;
in tables, 113-14, 135, 139, 144,
148, 153, 157, 161, 166, 169, 173,
177, 240, 357; publishing in, 120,
131
Daghestanis, 122-33; in tables, 28, 40-
4, 178; individual peoples,
135-75, 246-59, 264
Dakayev (Dakajev) Sheikh Ahmed,
35, 132
Darg’hins, 24, 26, 28, 147-8, 171, 253;
see also Daghestan
Dari, 29, 38, 364-5
Darwaz, 304, 310, 375-6
Denikin, General, 88, 125, 183
Deportation of Nationalities to Central
Asia and Kazakhstan, 89, 176, 191,
198, 203, 209, 227, 261, 278, 295,
332, 425
Derbent, 107, 132-3, 138, 147, 221,
239
Desht-i Kipchak (Kipchak Plain), 270,
288, 303, 387
Diamonds, 392
Didois, 250
Digor, 181-90
Dolgans, 420-3; language, 298, 354
Dungans (Chinese Muslims), 3, 336,
351-6; in tables, 26, 29, 353-4
Dunsterville, General, 110
Dutov, 79
Dzhadid, 59, 272
Dzhamshids, 370
Dzhuchi, son of Genghiz Khan, 55,
77, 94, 106, 267-70, 287, 303, 315,
387
Dzhungarian (Oirots/Kalmyks), 160,
288-9, 339, 370, 401, 412, 434-5
Education, 20, 21-5, 49; Abazin, 238;
Abkhazian, 224-5; Adygei, 219-20;
Altai, 415-16; Avar, 136;
Azerbaidzhani, 117-19; Balkar,
229-30; Bashkir, 82-3; Chechen,
179-80; Cherkess, 234—5; Chuvash,
71, 74-5; Crimean Tatar, 64, 88, 91-
456
Index
2; Daghestani, 23, 131; Darghin,
145; Dolgan, 422; Ingush, 200-1;
Kabardian, 194—5; Karachai, 206-7;
Karakalpak, 343-4; Kazakh, 297-9;
Khakass, 409-10; Kirghiz, 334—6;
Kumyk, 149; Kurd, 209, 213-14;
Ossetian, 187-8; Tadzhik, 310-11;
Tatar, 59, 63-6; Turkmen, 322^t;
Tuvinian, 403—4; Uzbek, 280-2;
Yakut, 394-5
El-Beida, 34, 37
Emancipation of Serfs, 58, 71, 78, 412
Emir Ma’sum (Shah Murad), 271, 315,
357
Enver Pasha, 273, 304
Farsi, 38, 282, 356-9
Ferghana, 271, 274, 281, 285-6, 310,
327-8, 338-9, 346-7, 373-4, 381
Fetwas, 12, 34, 38, 54
Finno-Ugric peoples, 70, 75, 77, 100,
102-3
Fluorspar, 274, 305, 329
Frunze, M., 79, 273, 317, 337; town,
329, 336, 355
Gagauz, 297-400; in tables, 388, 398;
language, 117, 399-400
Galchahs, see Pamiris
Gandzha, 107, 117, 120, 263
Gas, 60, 72, 79, 110, 126, 177, 244,
274, 291, 305, 317, 329-30, 340, 392
Gaspirali (Gasprinksy), Ismail, 88, 92,
272
Gekkiev, Mufti Mahmud, 35, 132, 196
Genghiz Khan, 55, 77, 94, 267, 287,
372, 391
Georgia, Georgian SSR (GeorSSR),
134, 209-15, 221-2, 243-4, 251, 261,
437; adjacent to, 105, 110, 126, 183,
177, 192, 203; in tables, 184, 210,
357
Georgian, 200, 225-6, 231, 243, 245,
251-4, 260-2
German, 90, 294, 299, 332-3, 336;
invasions, of Caucasus, 176, 191,
198, 203, 227, of Crimea, 424, 433,
of Poland, 87
Girey, Haji, 87
Gók Tepe, 316, 326
Gold, 110, 274, 291, 377, 392, 402,
407
Golden Horde, 4, 55, 57, 69-71, 77-8,
87, 93-5, 124, 133, 152, 160-1, 252,
267, 315, 339, 350
Gorno-Altai Autonomous Province,
390, 412-16
Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous
Province, 42, 305, 374-7
Gorskaja ASSR, 176, 197
Grain farming, 60, 72, 79, 126, 177,
183-4, 192, 203, 217, 275, 291, 305,
317, 330, 340, 392, 402, 407
Grand Duchy of Lithuania, 85-7,
385
Great Horde, 160
Greek, 90, 221, 243, 260, 282, 303,
375, 399, 436-7; script, 182, 189
Gypsies of Central Asia, 371-2
Hadith, 5, 38, 285
Hajj, 31-2, 34, 285, 337
Hamadani, Yusuf, 6, 326
Hanafi, 4, 33, 35, 67, 84, 93-5, 99,
121, 164, 181, 201, 208, 220, 230,
235, 245, 284, 301, 313, 325, 337,
345, 351, 355, 362, 366, 379-80
Hasanov, Sabir, 36
Hazaras, 372-3
Hebrew script, 242, 427, 433
Horde, see Crimean; Golden; Great;
Kazakh; Nogai; Siberian Horde
Hulagu, 106, 315
Huns (Ephthalites), 266, 303, 314, 384
Ibragimov, Sheikh ul-Islam
Mirgazanfar, 121
Td (Tdu’l fitr, Tdu’l-Azha), 32
Hi, 346, 349, 380
Il-Khans, 106, 315
Il’minskij, N. I., 432
Imam, 54; see also Muhammed, Ghazi
Imam; Nadzhmuddin, Imam
Imam-Khatib, 36
India, 2, 10, 285, 302, 376, 379
Inghiloys, 251-2
Ingush, 197-201; in tables, 24, 26, 28,
41-4, 198-9; see also 177-81
Ingushetia, Ingush Autonomous
Province, 176-77; see also
Checheno-Ingush ASSR
Iran, see Persia
Iranian language groups: East, 364,
378, 382; North East, 187; North
West, 212, 361; South West, 241,
310, 358; West, 364
Index
457
Iranian peoples, 2, 41; in Central Asia
302, 314, 338, 346, 356, 360, 363,
374, 382; in Transcaucasia and
Northern Caucasus, 105, 128, 182,
208, 239, 262, 265
Iranis, 356-9, 372
Iron and steel industries, 79, 111, 274
Irtysh, river, 95, 97-8, 267, 287, 435
Isayev (Isajev), Mufti Abdulbari, 35,
69
Ishan, 6, 8, 273, 326; see also
Babakhanov
Ishkashimis, 375-9
Islam, faith of, 1-2; administration of,
33-6; historical background, 4;
medresses, 36-7; mosques, 36;
publications, 38, 68, 285; schools of
jurisprudence, 4—5; Soviet Union, in
31—44;
Islamic peoples in USSR, 10-13, 31-3;
ethnic composition of, 41 ;
knowledge of Russian, 28; level of
education, 24; national language as
mother tongue, 26; regional
distribution of, 44; republics and
autonomous provinces, in 42; in
tables on, 40, 41
Isma’ilis, 4, 33, 379, 382
Ithna’ashariyya, 4, 33
Ivan IV (the Terrible), 8, 70, 57, 77,
95, 160, 191
Jafari, 35
Jamshids, see Dzhamshids
Jasak, jasakly, 70, 78, 95, 391
Jews, 131, 156, 240, 370, 389, 423-7;
in tables, 90, 115-16, 128, 278;
Crimean Jews, see Krymchaks
Kabardia, Kabardino-Balkar ASSR,
23, 190-6, 202, 226-30, 235;
adjacent to, 126, 183, 203; in tables,
43, 184, 192, 390
Kabardians, 182, 190-6, 202; in tables,
24, 26, 28, 40-4, 192-5, 233
Kabardino-Cherkess, 194, 207, 230,
234
Kaitaks, 4, 124, 143, 171, 252-3
Kalmyks, see Dzhungarians; see also
Sart Kalmyks
Kalonov, Haji Abdulladzhan, 34, 313
Kamasins, 428, 431
Kapuchins, 253-4
Kara Khitai, 267, 287
Karabagh Khanate, 107, 263, 265
Karabaghs, 265
Karachais, 202-8, 385; in tables, 24,
26, 28, 40-4, 204-5, 388-90
Karachajevo-Cherkess Autonomous
Province, 230-5; adjacent to, 161,
192; in tables, 42, 232, 390
Karagas, see Tofas
Karaims (Karaites), 385, 388-9, 423-8,
433
Karakalpakia, Karakalpak ASSR, 271,
274—5, 291, 338-44; in tables, 42,
341-2, 390
Karakalpaks, 338-45; language 162,
282, 343-5, 374; in tables, 24, 26,
28, 277, 341-4, 388-90
Kara-Katais, 77
Karakhanids, 267-70, 287, 328, 346
Kara-koyunlu, 106, 314
Karapapakhs, 254-5, 261
Karatdis, 255
Kashgar, 273, 328, 346, 349, 373
Kashgarlyks, 347, 373
Kasimov Tatars, 65
Kazakh Hordes, 271, 288
Kazakh Region (AzSSR), 245
Kazakhs, 286-302, 327-8, 339, 374;
language, 282, 297-300, 311, 324,
343; in tables, 24, 26, 28, 40-4, 48,
277, 292-8, 320-1, 332, 341, 388-9,
414
Kazakhstan, Kazakh ASSR, SSR
(Kaz. ASSR, SSR), 282, 291-301,
311, 313, 347-8, 392; adjacent to,
274, 317, 329, 340; in tables, 22, 42,
276-7, 293-4, 331, 347-8, 353
Kazan, 8, 57-60, 66, 69-71, 76-7, 85,
101, 160, 162, 419, 431
Kazi, 34, 284, 301, 313, 325, 337
Kazikumukhs, see Laks
Kenaf, 275
Khakass (Abakan or Minusinsk
Tatars), 94, 97, 328, 388^90, 405-11;
language, 394, 409-11, 431, 434
Khakass Autonomous Province,
Khakasia, 390, 406-10, 413
Khan Kuchum, 95, 97
Khatib, 54
Khazars, 141, 221, 226, 385, 424, 433
Khemshins (Khemshils), 255-6, 261
Khinalugs, 256
Khiva, 9, 266, 271, 274, 285, 315-17,
458
Index
339, 356
Khokand, 271, 273, 281, 285, 328, 347
Khorezm, 273, 340
Khufis, 311-9
Khunzals, 257
Khvarshins, 257-8
Khwarezmia, 266-71, 287
Khwarezmshahs, 267
Kilairs, 77
Kipchaks (Cumans/Polovtsians), 55,
77, 94, 147, 202, 267, 288, 338-9,
373, 387, 397, 424; in USSR, 373-4;
see also Turkic languages, Kipchak
group
Kirghiz, 267, 287, 290, 299, 327-38,
375, 380, 387; language, 282, 311,
335-7, 435; in tables, 24, 26, 28, 40-
4, 277-9, 330-5, 377-8, 388-9; see
also Yenisei Kirghiz
Kirghizia, Kirghiz ASSR, SSR (Kir.
ASSR, SSR), 271, 282, 298, 302,
311, 327-37, 379; in tables, 22, 42,
276-7, 331-2, 347-8, 353, 389
Kirov, M., 110, 183; university, 119
Kiurin, Khanate, 138, 172; language,
141
Koibals, 406
Kolchak, Admiral, 59, 79, 290
Krjashens, 9, 67, 104, 431-3
Krymchaks (Crimean Jews), 90, 115,
389, 433
Kryzes, 258-9
Kuba, 107, 117, 138, 141, 263
Kubachis, 259
Kubrawi, 285, 345
Kuchiik Kainarji, Treaty of, 88, 191
Kufic, 138, 165
Kumandins, 411—12, 434
Kumyks, 147-51, 175, 264; language,
117, 150-1; in tables, 24, 26, 28, 40-
2, 126-9, 148-50, 388-9; see also
Daghestan
Kunanbajev, Abaj, 290
Kundurs, 64, 99
Kunta Hadzhi, 132, 181
Kuramas, 374
Kurban-myrat, 7, 326
Kurds, 33, 208-15, 261, 315; in tables,
26, 28, 40-1, 44, 114, 210-13
Kushan Empire, 266, 303
Kyzyl, 406
Kyzylbash, 265
Laks (Kazikumukhs), 124, 138, 151-6,
168, 172; language, 5, 247; in tables,
26, 28, 40, 126-9, 152-5; see also
Daghestan
Language national and official, 25-31;
see also under individual peoples
and under Caucasian, Iranian,
Turkic languages
Latin script, 11, 30-1, 107, 432; see
also languages under individual
peoples
Lazes, 259-60; language, 245, 260
Lezghis, 138-43, 171; language, 141-2,
166-3, 173-4; in tables, 24, 26, 28,
40, 115, 126-9, 139-40; see also
Daghestan
Literacy in USSR, 49; see also sections
on individual peoples
Lithuania, see Grand Duchy
Lithuanian Tatars, 85
Maasumat, 124—5, 156
Machine-building, 60, 79, 110, 126,
177, 183-4, 192, 203, 217, 244, 274,
291, 305, 330
Malleson, General, 316
Manchus, Manchu Empire, 288, 328,
346, 401
Manghit dynasty (Bukhara), 271
Maris (Cheremiss), 10, 101-3
Mavlyankulov, Atakul, 34
Mecca, 1, 13, 285, 337
Medresses, 9, 11, 32, 36—7, 58, 68, 284
Melikzade (Melik ov), Hasan Zerdabi,
107
Mensheviks, 110, 305, 317, 329
Merv (Mary), 6, 264, 271, 314-17,
357, 359, 363
Meskhetian Turks, 261, 381
Mica, 340, 392
Mikojan, A. I., 110
Mining, 60, 110-11, 183-4, 192, 203,
274, 305, 317, 330, 402, 407, 413
Minusinsk Tatars, see Khakass
Mir-i Arab medresse, 37, 68, 132, 284
Mirzayakubov, Gulamjan, 34, 37
Mishars, 64, 99-100
Mogolistan, 287-88, 328
Mohammedan Spiritual Assemblies, 9,
58, 68, 78; see also Muftiat
Molybdenum, 110, 192, 274, 291
Mongol, 55, 82, 93-4, 152, 190, 226,
385, 394, 409, 415, 428
Index
459
Mongol Empire, Mongols, 385-7, 391,
401, 406, 412; in Central Asia 267,
287, 303, 328, 346, 360, 372; in
Transcaucasia and Northern
Caucasus, 106-7, 124, 156, 243, 252,
263; in the Volga region, 55, 77; see
also Golden Horde
Mongolia, 103, 106, 302, 314, 328,
350-1, 385, 402, 405, 413
Mongol-Tibetan script, 405
Mosques, 9, 36; in Central Asia,
285-6, 289, 301, 325, 337, 351, 356;
in Transcaucasia and Northern
Caucasus, 121-2, 132, 156, 181, 190,
196, 208; in the Volga region and
elsewhere in European USSR, 57-8,
69, 85, 87, 89, 96
Mountain Tadzhiks, see Pamiris
Mufti, 36, 54; see also Babakhanov
Muftiats, 9, 32; see also Mohammedan
Spiritual Assemblies
Muhammed, Imam Ghazi, 125, 132
Muhammedov, Sheikh Izuddin, 35,
132
Murid, 6, 125, 132, 326; Murid
Uprising, see Shamyl
Murshid, 6, 132
Musavat, 110
Muslim Congress and Union, 59
Mutawalliyat, 36
Nadir Shah, 106, 263, 271, 370, 372
Nadzhmuddin, Imam, 7, 125
Nagaibaks, 65, 100-1
Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous
Province, 105, 111-12
Naib, 6, 132
Nakhichevan, Nakhichevan ASSR,
107, 111
National Delimitation of Central
Asian Republics, 273, 291, 304, 317,
329, 340
Nationalism, 2, 13
Naqshbandi, 6-7, 58, 69, 122, 125,
132, 181, 273, 285, 326, 337
Nizari, 4, 33
Nogai Horde, 77, 95, 160, 288, 339
Nogais, 99-100, 122-3, 159-64, 202,
236, 265, 289; language; 23, 99, 117,
163, 235, 297, 322, 343; in tables,
26, 28, 40-1, 126-9, 161-3, 204-5,
388-9; see also Daghestan
North Ossetian ASSR, see Ossetia
Oghuz, 106, 267, 314, 338, 385, 394,
404; see also Turkic languages,
Oghuz group
Oil, 60, 72, 79, 110, 126, 177, 244,
274, 291, 305, 317, 329-30, 340
Oirots, see Altais; Dzhungarians
Omarov, Mufti al-Hafiz, 132
Omsk, 96, 299
Orda, 94, 287
Ordzhonikidze, G. K., 110, 183; town,
183, 190
Orenburg, 9, 58, 66, 68, 78-9, 84-5,
272, 289, 299, 387
Orkhon inscriptions, 327, 345, 385
Ossetia, North Ossetian ASSR, South
Ossetian Autonomous Province,
182-90; adjacent to, 126, 148, 177,
184, 192; North Ossetian ASSR,
196, 198
Ossetians, 181-90; in tables, 24, 26,
28, 40-4, 184-8, 193
Ottoman, 4, 9, 88, 106, 138, 156, 209,
243, 260, 272
Ottoman Empire, Ottomans, 5, 9,
124, 191, 209, 216, 221, 252
Ottoman Turks in USSR, 381-2
Padars, 265
Pakistan, 2, 34, 313, 360-1, 363, 375,
379
Pamiris, 303, 316, 374—9
Pashayev (Pashajev), Sheikh ul-Islam
Allahshukur, 35, 37, 121
Pechenegs, 267, 338, 387
Persia (Iran), 9, 34, 36, 106-7, 110-11,
152, 240, 251-2, 260, 271, 315,
359-60; adjacent to, 110-11, 317,
322; other nationalities in, 122, 208,
215, 255, 262-5, 313, 363
Persian, 106, 154, 262, 302, 310, 315,
352, 358-9, 366, 370, 372; see
section on language under individual
peoples for Persian as lexical
influence; see also Safavid
Persians, 124, 156, 191, 231, 372; in
USSR, 262, 315, 356-9
Peter the Great, 106, 339
Pig rearing, 60, 72, 79, 111-12, 192,
275, 292, 305, 318, 330
Poland, 2, 55, 69-70, 85-6, 93, 427-8
Polish Tatars, 85-7
Polovtsians, see Kipchaks
Ponchayev, Jafar, 37
460
Index
Population statistics, USSR, 45-8
Pugachev, 57, 71, 78
Pushtu, 29, 364-5
Qadiri, 132, 181, 286
Qur’an, 3, 9, 31, 38, 86, 167, 285
Railways: Orenburg-Tashkent, 272;
Transcaspian, 272; Transcaucasian,
107
Rasulayev, Abdurrahman, 35
Razin, Stenka, 57, 71
Romania, 69, 88, 93, 397, 400
Rushanis, 375-9
Russian language, as medium of
instruction in USSR, 22; as ‘official’
language, 25—9; see section on
language under individual peoples
for Russian as lexical influence
Rutuls, 26, 28, 40, 151, 164-8, 171; see
also Daghestan
Sadaqah, 31
Safavid, 4-5, 9, 106, 262-3, 265, 270,
315, 356-9
Sagai, 406
Samanids, 266, 314
Samarkand, 32, 68, 90, 267-70, 274,
281, 283, 310, 312, 328, 366, 387
Samoyedic, 93, 401, 406, 417, 428, 431
Sart Kalmyks, 379-80
Sasanids, 105, 240
Sattar, Faiz, ur-Rahman, 35, 85
Sattiyev, Ismail Mahdum, 38
Seljuk, 106, 243, 267, 314, 338, 360
Sericulture, 111-12, 192, 275, 305,
318 340
Shafi’i 4, 33, 35, 131-2, 147, 151, 156,
159, 164, 171, 214
Shah Abbas, 106, 124, 208, 251, 315,
372
Shah Ismail, 106, 270
Shah Murad, see Emir Ma’sum
Shakirov, Yusufkhan, 34, 37, 285
Shamanists, 4, 94, 103, 391-2, 401,
417, 423, 431
Shamkhalat, 124-5, 148, 151-2
Shamyl, 125, 132, 134, 143, 152, 157,
168, 176, 191, 236
Shari’at, 2, 7, 10-11, 31, 125, 216
Sheiban, 77, 94-5, 270
Sheibanids, 270
Sheikh, 132, 326
Sheikh Madali, 7
Sheikh Mansur, 7
Sheikh ul-Islam, 35-6, 121
Sheikh Uzun Hadzhi, 7, 125
Shemakha, 107, 117, 120, 263
Shihabeddin, Mardzhani, 68
Shi’i (Shi’ah), 33, 36, 99, 121-2, 131,
142, 147, 214, 243, 252, 262-3, 265,
313, 345, 359, 366
Shirvan, 106, 125, 133
Shors, 94, 388-9, 411-12, 417-20
Shugnis, 374—9
Siberian: dialects of Tatar, 64; Horde,
95; Khanate, 95; Tatars, 60, 93-8
Silver, 110, 291
Slavs, 4, 9, 44, 85; converted to Islam,
10, 104
Spiritual Directorates, 9, 11, 31-6; of
Central Asia and Kazakhstan, 34-5,
38, 93, 284-5, 301, 313, 325, 337; of
European USSR and Siberia, 35,
38, 68, 77, 85, 93, 96; of Northern
Caucasus and Daghestan, 35, 132,
181, 190, 201, 208, 220, 230, 236,
239; of Transcaucasia, 35-6, 121,
215, 226, 245
Steel, see Iron and Steel Industries
Stockbreeding, 60, 72, 79, 111-12,
126, 177, 183-4, 192, 203, 217, 275,
291, 305, 318, 330, 340, 392, 402,
407
Sufism, 6-8, 69, 122, 132-3, 181,
285-6, 301, 325-6, 337, 345
Suleiman, Sheikh ul-Islam Ali Aga,
121
Sunnis, 4—5, 33-5; see also Hanafi,
Shafi’i (Sunni schools of
jurisprudence)
Syr Darya, 267-74, 287, 314, 339
Szapszal, Khokhan Haji Serai, 424-5
Tabasarans, 26, 28, 156-9, 172; see
also Daghestan
Tadzhikistan Tadzhik ASSR, SSR
(Tadzh. ASSR, SSR), 271, 282, 298,
304-13, 363, 382; adjacent to, 274,
329; in tables, 22, 42, 184, 276-7,
306-11, 331-2, 364, 367
Tadzhiks, 302-13; language 241, 282,
310-13, 371-2, 382; in tables, 24, 26,
28, 40—4, 277-9, 305-7
Tajuddin see under Tazejev
Talysh, 115, 262-4; Khanate, 107
Index
461
Taqiyah, 2
Tara Tatars, 64, 97
Taranchis, 347, 380-1
Tariqa, 6, 54, 122, 132, 285, 345
Tashkent, 32, 34, 37-8, 90, 271-4,
281-6, 317, 336
Tatar ASSR, 55-69, 76; adjacent to,
72, 79; in tables, 42, 61-2, 72-3,
103, 115-16, 127-9, 390
Tatars, 2—4, 8—10, 55—70, 98—102,
104—5, 160, 272, 289-90, 301, 431-2;
language, 23, 35, 64-7, 75, 82-3, 97,
99-100, 120, 432; in tables, 22, 24,
26, 28, 40-4, 61-4, 73, 80-1, 103,
277-9, 294, 296, 307, 309, 320-1,
332-3, 341-2, 393, 388-90
Tats, 239-43
Tazeyev, Mufti Talgat Tajuddin, 35, 37,
69, 85
Telengit, 411-12, 434-6
Teleuts, 411-12, 435-6
Teptjars, 65, 101-2
Terek, river, 159, 191, 197, 202, 216;
Soviet Republic, 175
Textile industry, 111, 274, 291, 305,
317, 330
Timber industry, 60, 72, 184, 192, 217,
392, 402, 407
Timur, 106, 124, 133, 138, 243, 252,
267, 301, 303, 366, 371, 387
Tjumen’, 95-6, 98; Tatars, 64, 98
Tobol, 64, 77, 98-9; Tatars, 64, 98
Tobol’sk, 95-6, 98
Tofas (Karagas), 389, 428-31
Tokharian, 303
Toktamysh, 85 , 94, 124, 387
Tomsk, 64, 95
Transoxiana, 6, 106, 266-71, 302, 316
Troki (Trakai), 85, 387, 423-7
Truchmen, 264, 322
Tsakhurs, 26, 28, 115, 168-71; see also
Daghestan
Tuba, 401, 411-12, 434, 436
Tungsten, 192, 274 , 305
Tungusic, 384, 394, 391
Turkestan, Turkestan ASSR, 271^4,
287, 304, 316, 328, 339, 346, 373;
town, 301
Turkey, 7, 58-9, 88, 93, 132, 152, 209,
259, 263; adjacent to, 110-11,
243-4; emigration to, 58, 70, 88,
161, 176, 202, 216, 221-2, 236, 261;
other nationalities in, 59, 69-70,
208, 215, 236, 255, 260, 338
Turkic languages, 3, 51; groups:
Bolgar, 74, Karluk, 280, 348,
Kipchak, 64, 82, 91, 150, 162, 206,
343, 426, Kirghiz-Kipchak, 335, 415,
Oghuz, 117, 322, 399, Uighur-
Oghuz, 394, 404, 409, 419, 430
Turkic, Turkic-speaking peoples, 2, 6,
384-88; in Central Asia, 266-70,
272, 287, 301-3, 314, 328, 338-9,
346-7, 352, 373-4, 380-2; in Siberia,
93-8, 390, 397, 400, 406, 411, 417,
420, 428, 431, 434-6; in tables, 41,
388-90; in Transcaucasia and
Northern Caucasus, 106, 128, 147,
160, 182, 190, 202, 226, 245, 254,
261-2, 265; elsewhere in USSR,
85-92, 102; in the Volga region,
55-9, 70, 77, 99-101
Turkish, 117, 231, 260-1; see section
on language under individual
peoples for Turkish as lexical
influence
Turkish Khaganate, 266, 287, 303,
385 , 401, 434-5
Turkmanchai, Treaty of, 107, 209, 263
Turkmen, 261, 265, 313-27, 372;
language, 117,282, 311, 322-5, 358,
361-2; in tables, 24, 26, 28, 40-4,
318-23, 341, 388-9
Turkmenia, Turkmen SSR, 209-10,
282, 287, 313, 317-26, 359, 363, 370,
372; adjacent to, 274, 291; in tables,
22, 42, 210, 276-7, 293-4, 319, 324,
357, 360, 364
Turks in USSR: of Ferghana and
Samarkand, Ottoman, 381; see also
Azerbaidzhanis; Khakass;
Meskhetian Turks
Tuvinian ASSR, 390, 401-4, 413
Tuvinians, 388-90, 400-5; language,
394, 404-5, 430
Udmurts (Votiaks), 10, 101-3
Ufa, 31, 35, 66, 68, 77-9, 85
Uighurs, 267, 345-51, 373, 380, 385; in
tables, 26, 28, 40-1, 44, 294, 296,
332, 347-9, 388
Ulema, 9, 11-12, 31, 34; Council of,
36, 38
Universities, 23; Azerbaidzhani, 119;
Bashkir, 83; Checheno-Ingush, 180;
Chuvash, 75; Daghestan, 131;
462
Index
Kabardino-Balkar, 195; Karakalpak,
344; Kazakh, 299; Kirghiz, 336;
North Ossetian, 188; Tadzhik, 311;
Tatar, 66, 76; Turkmen, 324;
Uzbek, 282; Yakut, 395
Urals, 65, 89, 314, 339, 387
Uranium, 274, 305, 329
Utsmiyat, 124-5, 143
Uzbek Khan, 4, 57, 95, 160, 267;
Khanate, 270
Uzbekistan, Uzbek SSR (UzSSR),
266-86, 302, 304, 311, 313, 329-32,
337-8, 340-1, 345, 359, 363;
adjacent to, 291, 305, 317, 329; in
tables, 22, 42, 276-7, 293-4, 319,
331-2, 341, 347-8, 364, 367, 389
Uzbeks, 266-86, 287, 304, 320- 373-4,
376, 381, 384; language, 92, 117,
280-3, 298-9, 311, 323-4, 344, 348,
358, 368, 371-2, 394; in tables, 24,
26, 28, 40-4, 47, 275-81, 294, 296,
320-1, 332-3, 341-2, 357, 388
Uzun Hadzhi, see Sheikh Uzun
Hadzhi
Vaisov, Bahauddin, 69
Valikhanov, Chokan, 290
Vilna (Vilnius), 85, 424
Vitaut (Witold), Grand Duke, 85, 267,
424
Volga Bolgars, 70, 77, 103, 226, 387
Votiaks, see Udmurts
Wakhis, 375-9
Waqf, 10-11, 31, 54
White Horde, 93-5, 267, 287, 387
Wrangel, Baron, 88
Yagnobis, 29, 382-3
Yakutia, Yakut ASSR, 390, 391-6
Yakuts, 38 -90, 390-6; language,
394-6, 422-3
Yasavi, Ahmad, 6, 285, 301
Yazgulemis, 375-9
Yazidis, 33, 209-14
Yenisei Kirghiz, 327-8, 346, 385
Yulai (Yulajev), Salavat, 78
Yuldash, Vali Akhun, 351
Zakat, 31
Zichi, 216
Zikr, 6, 31, 286, 345
Zinc, 110, 183, 203, 305, 317, 329
|
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| author | Akiner, Shirin 1943- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)123121876 |
| author_facet | Akiner, Shirin 1943- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Akiner, Shirin 1943- |
| author_variant | s a sa |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV005335325 |
| classification_rvk | BE 8607 LB 48325 MG 85960 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)243720665 (DE-599)BVBBV005335325 |
| discipline | Politologie Theologie / Religionswissenschaften Sozial-/Kulturanthropologie / Empirische Kulturwissenschaft |
| edition | 2. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T16:28:00Z |
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| isbn | 071030188X |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-003341228 |
| oclc_num | 243720665 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-824 DE-29 DE-12 DE-11 DE-188 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-824 DE-29 DE-12 DE-11 DE-188 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | XIII, 462 S. |
| publishDate | 1986 |
| publishDateSearch | 1986 |
| publishDateSort | 1986 |
| publisher | Routledge and Kegan Paul Inc. |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Akiner, Shirin 1943- Verfasser (DE-588)123121876 aut Islamic peoples of the Soviet Union an historical and statistical handbook with an appendix on the non-Muslim Turkic peoples of the Soviet Union Shirin Akiner 2. ed. London [u.a.] Routledge and Kegan Paul Inc. 1986 XIII, 462 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturverz. S. 446 - 452 Turkvölker (DE-588)4078477-0 gnd rswk-swf Islam (DE-588)4027743-4 gnd rswk-swf Muslim (DE-588)4040921-1 gnd rswk-swf Zentralasien (DE-588)4079487-8 gnd rswk-swf Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd rswk-swf Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 g Islam (DE-588)4027743-4 s DE-604 Turkvölker (DE-588)4078477-0 s Muslim (DE-588)4040921-1 s Zentralasien (DE-588)4079487-8 g Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003341228&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003341228&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003341228&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Akiner, Shirin 1943- Islamic peoples of the Soviet Union an historical and statistical handbook with an appendix on the non-Muslim Turkic peoples of the Soviet Union Turkvölker (DE-588)4078477-0 gnd Islam (DE-588)4027743-4 gnd Muslim (DE-588)4040921-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4078477-0 (DE-588)4027743-4 (DE-588)4040921-1 (DE-588)4079487-8 (DE-588)4077548-3 |
| title | Islamic peoples of the Soviet Union an historical and statistical handbook with an appendix on the non-Muslim Turkic peoples of the Soviet Union |
| title_auth | Islamic peoples of the Soviet Union an historical and statistical handbook with an appendix on the non-Muslim Turkic peoples of the Soviet Union |
| title_exact_search | Islamic peoples of the Soviet Union an historical and statistical handbook with an appendix on the non-Muslim Turkic peoples of the Soviet Union |
| title_full | Islamic peoples of the Soviet Union an historical and statistical handbook with an appendix on the non-Muslim Turkic peoples of the Soviet Union Shirin Akiner |
| title_fullStr | Islamic peoples of the Soviet Union an historical and statistical handbook with an appendix on the non-Muslim Turkic peoples of the Soviet Union Shirin Akiner |
| title_full_unstemmed | Islamic peoples of the Soviet Union an historical and statistical handbook with an appendix on the non-Muslim Turkic peoples of the Soviet Union Shirin Akiner |
| title_short | Islamic peoples of the Soviet Union |
| title_sort | islamic peoples of the soviet union an historical and statistical handbook with an appendix on the non muslim turkic peoples of the soviet union |
| title_sub | an historical and statistical handbook with an appendix on the non-Muslim Turkic peoples of the Soviet Union |
| topic | Turkvölker (DE-588)4078477-0 gnd Islam (DE-588)4027743-4 gnd Muslim (DE-588)4040921-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Turkvölker Islam Muslim Zentralasien Sowjetunion |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003341228&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003341228&sequence=000005&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003341228&sequence=000006&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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