Napoleon's navigation system: a study of trade control during the continental blockade
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
New York, NY
AMS Pr.
1970
|
| Edition: | Repr. from the ed. of 1919, New York, 1. AMS ed. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Zugl.: Lawrence, Univ. of Kansas, Diss., 1918 |
| Physical Description: | XV, 449 S. |
| ISBN: | 0404042880 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Napoleon's navigation system |b a study of trade control during the continental blockade |c by Frank Edgar Melvin |
| 250 | |a Repr. from the ed. of 1919, New York, 1. AMS ed. | ||
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| adam_text | CONTENTS
Foreword..........................................................................................................Page
Factors determining the nature and emphasis of this study. Main theses
developed: (a) Napoleon s Navigation System and the economic struggle
with England was the prime (actor in the growth of the Napoleonic Empire,
therefore the policies and institutions of the System afford a good test of Napo-
leon s statesmanship. (b) The determining factor in the economic strife
of Napoleon with England was the position of the United States as the cbief
neutral, demonstrating the dedsive function of a streng neutrality in every
contest between land-power and sea-power.
INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER
The Significance of the Navigation System..........................................Page 1
Changing historical appraisals of the Napoleonic regime. The influence
of the British Navigation Acts during the Century before the French Revolu-
tion. Navigation Acts of Frence during the Revolution. Character of
Napoleon s commercial policies prior to the adoption of the Continental System
CHAPTER I
The Formation of the Continental System............................................Page 6
A.—The Land Blockade: The Berlin decree, its character and origin
initial problems of execution. The British retort: Orders in Council of Jan-
uary and February, 1807. The treaties of Tilsit: demonstration of the military
value of the System; Continental acceptance of the Blockade and the elimina-
tion of land neutrals
B—The Real Intent of the System: Plans for economic expansion. The
British attack upon Copenhagen. Rigorous dosure measures.
C—The Maritime Inlerdict: The Status of the neutral carrier and his
vessels. British Orders in Council, November 1807. Napoleon s decrees of
Fontainebleau and Milan, Nov.-Dec. 1807. Consequences.
CHAPTER II
Ameliorative Experiments......................................................................Page 48
Consequences for France of the elimination of the neutral carrier. The
new Council of the Interior: its efforts to remedy the Situation in February,
1808. Measures to protect French cabotage. The colonies and colonial
trade problems. The American Embargo of December 1807 leads to the
retaliatory Bayonne decision of April 1808. Futile expedients in aid of
French trade: subsidized armemenls en aventurier; use of national ships for
colonial trade; government insurance; grant of protection-papers for the Bar-
bary trade. The Provision of quinine without a deviation from the Blockade.
Abortive efforts for a rapprochement with the United States.
CHAPTER III
Trade By Exception....................................................................................Page 77
The Napoleonic System at the beginning of 1809. The international
Situation: Spain; Austria; America. The agricultural crisis in the West
Loyseau s petition for the right to export grain leads to a licence trade. Criti-
cism of this action. Napoleon s personal responsibility. Initial problems
and measures. Selection and protection of licenced ships: neutralizations
and simulations. Status of American shipping. New negotiations for a
rapprochement with the United States.
The Non-Intercourse Act and its European effect. The Erskine
agreement and its disavowal by England. Napoleon s Altenberg offer of
22 August 1809. The detection of fraud in licence petitions.
CHAPTER IV
The License Experiment..........................................................................Page 109
Development of licenced trade, March 1809-May 1810. Policies of Cretet,
Fouchfi, and Montalivet. Growth of the trade. Changes in commercial
regulations. Consideration of results. Influences and arguments for and
against a continuance of the licence policy. Fauchat s reports.
CHAPTER V
International Significance of the Licence Experiment........Page 139
European interest in the imperial licence policy. Requests to participate.
Attitüde of Russia. Dutch violations of the Continental System. Neapo-
litan evasions and Murat s knavery. Relation of Spain, Italy, North Germany,
and Denmark to the Blockade and the licence trade. Legal Status of the li-
cences. Fraud and trickery in the traffic. Americans involved. Opposition
of the United States. Franco-American relations, August 1809 to March
1810. Annstrong s manoeuvres. Crisis of December 1809 for Napoleon
and his Systems. Negotiations to modify the Blockade. The great affair
of American relations. Futüity of Napoleon s secret negotiations. His
revenge on Holland and America.
CHAPTER VI
The Abandonment op Exclusion............................................................Page 100
Factors leading to a change of System. The final crisis in Dutch relations.
Fouche s intrigues and disgrace. Napoleon s remarriage. The tour of the
North. Effect upon his economic policies. The establishment of the Conseil
du Commerce: its character and program. Crisis in American relations. The
Rambouillet decree: its actual history and eflect. American Commerdal
Intercourse Act : news of it in France and Napoleon s first reaction. His
American permit scheme. Its nature and American attitude toward it Efforts
to alter it. Further results of the repeal of Non-lDtercourse. Explanation
of Armstrong s course. Cadore s note of 5 August on the revocation of the
Berlin-Milan decrees. Its actual history and significance. Reasons for
American acceptanc e of it.
CHAPTER VII
The New Acts of Navigation...............................................................Page 187
Initial shifts in Napoleon s commercial regulations, June-July 1810:
(1) The restriction of grain exportation. (2) The police of fisheries. (3)
The supervision of licenced smuggling and its dramatic significance. (4)
The reconstruction of the System. Imperial decree for Licenced Navigation,
St Cloud, 3 July: Its origin, provisions and significance. Connection with
the American crisis. Supplementary licence decrees of July 1810.
CHAPTER VIII
The Continental Zollverein..................................................................Page 211
Tariff revision necessitated by the Substitution of Licenced Navigation
for Continental Closure. Legislative history of the new tariff System: the
export decree of 31 July; the Trianon decree of 5 August the St. Cloud
decree , the colonial tariff regulations. Negotiations for a Continental adop-
tion of the Trianon tariff policy: results. Measures to enforce the new tariff
System. The Fontainebleau decree : prevotal courts and destruction of
proscribed articles. Efforts for Continental adoption of these measures.
The economic crisis of 1810. The Russian ukase. ültimate consequences
of these measures.
CHAPTER IX
Licenced Navigation: The Nouveaü Systeme ..............................Page 235
Scope and significance of the new economic program. Inauguration of
the System of July 1810. Elaboration of policies and regulations. licences
simples and licences diverses for the French Empire. The American
pennits. Hanseatic licences and their availability for Baltic countries
generally. The continentalizing of the new Navigation System. Inter-
national use of licences. The Italian licence decree for Mediterranean
trade and its complementary measures. Ottoman permits. Colonial
licences. Licences for Holland. General character of the new System.
CHAPTER X
The Nouveaü Systeme in Operation..................................................Page 256
French duplicity in regard to the promised repeal of the blockade decrees.
American protests. Modifications in the licence System. Regions and com-
modities affected. Efforts to aid various economic activities through the
the licences. Commercial co-operation between the French and English
govemments. Secret negotiations of July-September 1810 with the British
Board of Trade and with Spanish-American revolutionaries. Administrative
Problems of the licence System, and their solution (a) correspondence with
England; (b) evaluation of cargoes; (c) certificates of origin; (d) evasions
and frauds.
CHAPTER XI
Licenced Navigation: The Grand System..........................................Page 2£4
Factors tending toward a revision of the commercial System at the close
of 1811. The new American minister and his instructions. Commercial
aspects of Napoleon s inspection tour in the North. nventory of results
of the Navigation System. Prospects and projects. Economic crisis in
Great Britain induces concessions for trade with France. Scheine for an
exchange of sugar for wine. News reaches Paris at a favorable moment.
Investigations and negotiations. The Conseil du Commerce of 13 January:
Napoleon outlines a Grand System for the trade of the Continent, and
vaunts the triumph of his policy over Britain s commercial tyranny. Creation
of a Ministry of Manufactures and Commerce to inaugurate the Grand
System.
CHAPTER XII
The Barriers Crash..................................................................................Page 311
A—A n Equivocal Reversal of Systems. Divergent views of the wine-sugar
deal. Napoleon s triumph too belated. Food shortage in France. Diplo-
matie impasse with Russia. America disputes Napoleon s boasted victory
over England. Unexpected virility of the American stand brings both belli-
gerents to terms. France offers public proof of the repeal of the Blockade
decrees. Negotiations opened for reparations and a trade treaty. The
British Opposition forces the sacrifice of the Order in Council System in order
to placate America. Concessions made too late to prevent the War of 1812
and the Invasion of Russia.
B—The Experiment of the Grand System. British-French regulations
for their co-operative licence-trade. Disastrous effects of the Moscow cam-
paign upon economic conditions. Barlow s death prevcnts settlement of the
American demands.
C—The Outcome of Napoleon s System. Statistics of the resu ts of li-
cenced navigation. Basic alterations in the System in order to finance
Napoleon s last campaigns. The System crumbles. Economic Crash coincident
with the fall of the Empire. Restored Bourbons hasten to demolish the
Napoleonic Navigation System, but the Navigation Acts of 1793 still survive:
Results of the Napoleonic System, also are enduring.
CHAPTER XIII
Administration or Napoleon s Navigation System............................Page 347
Importance of the institutional developments of the System. Admini-
strative ramifications of the System. Ministries concerned and their con-
nections with the System. Modifications evolved in the administrative
oiganization. New institutions created: their history and functions. The
human element in the System. The historical view of Napoleon s Navigation
System.
Bibliographical Essay..............................................................................Page 378
A—Explanatory note.
B—Bibliographical aids.
C—Manuscript Sources:
I—Archives; (a) Paris; (b) London; (c) Washington.
II—Special Collections.
D—Printed Sources:
I—Legal, diplomatic, and administrative: (a) France; (b)
Holland; (c) England; (d) United States; (e) Russia.
II—Correspondence and related writings.
III—Memoires of contemporaries.
IV—Contemporary periodicals.
V—Contemporary books and pamphlets.
E— Secondary Writings:
I—Special Studies of the Continental System.
II—Writings of a more general nature.
|
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| spelling | Melvin, Frank E. Verfasser aut Napoleon's navigation system a study of trade control during the continental blockade by Frank Edgar Melvin Repr. from the ed. of 1919, New York, 1. AMS ed. New York, NY AMS Pr. 1970 XV, 449 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zugl.: Lawrence, Univ. of Kansas, Diss., 1918 Kontinentalsperre (DE-588)4165154-6 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Kontinentalsperre (DE-588)4165154-6 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003193562&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| title | Napoleon's navigation system a study of trade control during the continental blockade |
| title_auth | Napoleon's navigation system a study of trade control during the continental blockade |
| title_exact_search | Napoleon's navigation system a study of trade control during the continental blockade |
| title_full | Napoleon's navigation system a study of trade control during the continental blockade by Frank Edgar Melvin |
| title_fullStr | Napoleon's navigation system a study of trade control during the continental blockade by Frank Edgar Melvin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Napoleon's navigation system a study of trade control during the continental blockade by Frank Edgar Melvin |
| title_short | Napoleon's navigation system |
| title_sort | napoleon s navigation system a study of trade control during the continental blockade |
| title_sub | a study of trade control during the continental blockade |
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