Geology of clays: weathering, sedimentology, geochemistry
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
New York [u.a.]
Springer [u.a.]
1970
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Aus dem Franz. übers. |
| Physical Description: | XVI, 429 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0412100509 |
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| 240 | 1 | 0 | |a Géologie des argiles |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Geology of clays |b weathering, sedimentology, geochemistry |c by Georges Millot. Transl. by W. R. Farrand ; Hélène Paquet |
| 264 | 1 | |a New York [u.a.] |b Springer [u.a.] |c 1970 | |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | CONTENTS
Preface ..................................... v
Translators preface .............................. xi
Chapter I. — The clay minerals......................... 1
— Kaolinite group: Kaolinite. — Dickite and nacrite. — Halloysite. — Disordered
kaolinites (fireclay minerals). — Serpentines and homeotypes of kaolinite . 2
— Mica group: Micas. — Pyrophyllite and talc. — Illites. — Polytypes of raus-
covite. — Glauconite and glauconie ................... 5
— Montmorillonite group: Dioctahedral montmorillonite-beidellite series. —
Dioctahedral nontronite-beidellite series. — Trioctahedral stevensite-
saponite series............................. 10
— Chlorite group: True chlorites. — Chlorites of iron ores. — Expanding chlo-
rites. — Dioctahedral chlorites...................... 12
— Vermiculite group: The mineral vermiculite. — The vermiculite of clays ... 13
— Mixed-layer clay minerals: Mixed-layer clay minerals. — The types of inter-
stratification. — The main mixed-layer minerals. — Identification of mixed-
layer minerals............................. 15
— Attapulgite, sepiolite and palygorskite group: Attapulgites. — Sepiolites. —
Nomenclatural problems: Fersmann s palygorskite series. — Attapulgite
and sepiolite structures. — Fibrous faciès and chemical composition. ... 18
— Iron and aluminum oxides and hydroxides: Natural iron hydroxides and oxides.
— Limonite. — Aluminum hydroxides and oxides. — Mixed oxides..... 20
— Conclusion: The values and dangers of nomenclature............ 23
Chapter II. — Argillaceous rocks........................ 29
— History of research on clay geology: Before 1930: clay geology by chemical
methods. — From 1930 to 1950: intervention of X-ray diffraction. — From
1950 to 1962: modern works...................... 29
— Classification and texture: Classification. — Texture............ 34
— Argillaceous rocks of hydrothermal and volcanic origin: Clays of hydrothermal
deposits. — Argillaceous rocks resulting from volcanic materials (bentonites) 40
Chapter III. — Geochemistry of ions in the hydrosphere............ 49
— The behavior of ions in water: Hypothesis of Goldschmidt: ionic potential.
— Interpretation of Wickmann (1945), according to Bernal and Megaw
(1935). — The radius of hydrated ions in water. — Behavior of alkalis in
surface geochemistry. — Conclusion and classification........... 49
— Solubility of silica and alumina: History. — Solubility of silica. — Solubility of
alumina. — Comparison of the solubilities of silica and alumina. —
Influence of ions present in solution. — Geochemical consequences ... 55
xrv CONTENTS
— Hydrolysis of silicates: Hydration of feldspar. — Cation exchange between
water and crystal. — Attack on the silicate framework. — Summary on the
hydrolysis of silicates. — Conclusion.................. 62
Chapter IV. — The place of clays in the geochemical cycle........... 68
— Geochemistry of the normal sedimentary series............... 68
— Geodynamic interpretation of the normal geochemical series of sediments . . 71
— Positive and negative sedimentary sequences................. 73
— The evolutionary series of pedological origin................ 76
— Confrontation and general view on sedimentary series............ 78
— The place of clays in the surficial part of the geochemical cycle........ 82
Chapter V. — Weathering and soil clays.................... 84
— Weathering mechanisms: Freeze and thaw. Cryoclasticism. — Variations of
temperature. — Humidity. Hydration and effect of salt crystallization. —
Oxidation and reduction. — Hydrolysis and its variations. — Biochemical
activity ................................ 89
— Arenization: History prior to weathering. — Pétrographie data on the weather-
ing of feldspathic rocks. — Arenization and geochemistry of arenization. —
Variations depending on climates. — Experimental data on arenization and
rock disintegration. — The clay minerals of arènes and of the beginnings
of weathering. — Conclusion: the myth of the kaolinization of feldspars. 92
— The soil clays: History. — Non-evolved soils: cold countries and deserts. —
Soils under an Atlantic climate. — The ferruginous soils of warm climate.
— Calcimorphic soils. — Lateritic soils. — Lateritic crusts (cuirasses).
— Bauxites.............................. 99
— Conclusions ............................... 133
CHAPTER VI. — Clays of continental sediments.................. 135
— Glacial deposits.............................. 136
— Eolian deposits.............................. 137
— Deposits of rivers and estuaries....................... 139
— The siderolithic fades: Definition and history. — The siderolithic Eocene of
northern Aquitaine. — The siderolithic faciès in Europe. — The sidero-
lithic faciès in Africa. — The siderolithic facies in the U.S.A....... 142
— The great detrital red-bed series...................... 154
— Coal measures and Tonstein: The coal measures. — Tonstein........ 162
— Alkaline lakes in plains: Clays of present-day lakes. — Oligocène lacustrine
clays in France. — Lakes with attapulgite and sepiolite......... 169
— Analcimolites............................... 177
Chapter VII. — Clay« of marine sediments................... 178
— Present-day marine sediments: The facts. — Interpretation......... 178
— The detrital series: from sandstones to shales and argillites: Basal sandstone
series. — Graywackes. — Flysch and molasse. — Alternating series ... 186
CONTENTS xv
The marno-carbonate series: from argillites to limestones: Early works: the
clay fraction of limestones. — Continuing inventory of limestones and
marnes. — Variations of clays with paleogeography and faciès. — Study of
the alternating argillo-calcareous series. — Diagenesis in limestone .... 193
Alkaline chemical sedimentation with attapulgite, sepiolite and montmorillonite:
Marine attapulgite and sepiolite. — The clay fraction of chalks. — Origin
of attapulgite and montmorillonite in sediments. — Origin of the elements
necessary for this neoformation. — Geology of landscapes involving atta-
pulgitic and montmorillonitic sedimentation. — Conclusion: Sedimentary
sequence and geochemical sequence................... 198
Glauconitic sediments: Varieties of occurrence of glauconie in sediments. —
Mineralogical varieties. — The conditions of genesis.......... 204
The clay minerals of iron ores: Mineralogical identifications. — Conditions
of formation — Origin of the iron.................. 210
The hypersaline faciès: General survey of the hypersaline faciès. — Clay
minerals of hypersaline faciès...................... 215
Conclusions on clays of marine sediments................. 234
Chapter VIII. — Evolution of the clay fraction in some great sedimentary series 235
— The Cambro-Ordovician sandstones of the Central Sahara: Regional situation.
— The geological section. — Petrography of the lower coarse series. —
Petrography of the upper series. — Reconstruction of the history of the
sandstones of Hassi-Messaoud and Hassi el Gassi............ 235
— The Carboniferous of the central U.S.A.: The American Carboniferous. —
Study of argillaceous sediments of Oklahoma. — Study of argillaceous
sediments of Illinois. — Study of sediments associated with fireclays in
Missouri................................ 248
— Triassic argillaceous sedimentation in Morocco and in France: The Triassic of
Morocco. — The Triassic of the Jura. — The Triassic of Lorraine and of
the Paris Basin. — Comparison with neighboring basins.......... 257
— Clay minerals in the Tertiary basins of West Africa: The eastern Sudan
basin. — The basin of Senegal-Mauritania. — The basins of Dahomey-
Togo and of the Ivory Coast. — Age of the attapulgite- and sepiolite-
bearing formations in West Africa. — Attapulgite-bearing faciès and
associated faciès: antagonism and paragenesis. — Sedimentary sequence of
the alumino-magnesian clay minerals. — Geochemical sequence. — The
geochemical cycle in the African Tertiary basins............ 262
— Overall view of the evolution of clays in the great sedimentary series: Dia-
genesis in Cambrian sandstones of the Sahara. — Heritage in the Carboni-
ferous series of the U.S.A. — Transformation in Triassic clays of Eurafrica.
— Neoformation in the Eocene of West Africa.............. 274
Chapter IX. — Silicifications, flint and growth of crystals............ 277
— Chemical data: Silica in natural waters: Silica is a mineral macro-molecule.
— Geochemical consequences...................... 279
— Mineralogical data. Chalcedony and opal: Chalcedony. — Opal. — Geological
consequences.............................. 283
— Geological and pétrographie data: Climatic silicification. — Flint, cherts and
silicifications of sedimentary rocks................... 293
xvi CONTENTS
— Silicification and growth of crystals: Quartzification. — Silicification into
chalcedony. — Silicification into opal. — Formation of silica gels in
nature. — Importance of the factors of silicification......_..... 296
— Conclusions................................ 300
CHAPTER X. — Genesis of clay minerals: Inheritance and transformation .... 302
— Mechanical inheritance: Clays inherited by weathering horizons. — Clays
inherited by soils. — Clays inherited by sediments. — Inherited clays sub-
jected to diagenesis. — The conditions of inheritance : stability and
instability ............................... 303
— Transformation: Definition. — Degradation. — Aggradation........ 306
— Conclusions: Inheritance and transformations by addition and subtraction . . 322
CHAPTER XI. — Genesis of clays: Neoformation and syntheses.......... 323
— Neoformation in nature: Neoformation in weathered products and soils. —
Neoformation in sediments. — Neoformation in the domain of diagenesis.
— Summary on the neoformation of clay minerals in nature....... 325
— Laboratory syntheses: Syntheses of clay minerals by Caillère, Héntn, Robi-
chet and Esquevin. — Syntheses by Pedro based on solutions from
weathering. — Studies of gels and syntheses by Fripiat, Gastuche and
de Kimpe. — Synthesis of sepiolite and kaolinite by Wey and Siffert.
— Syntheses at high temperature.................... 336
- Neoformations and syntheses by subtraction and addition: conclusions . . . 347
CHAPTER XII. — Superficial geochemistry and the silicate cycle....... 357
— Geochemistry of clays: Places and mechanisms of the evolution of clays. —
— The two major pathways of surficial geochemical evolution of silicates.
— Geochemical evolution by subtraction in an environment of lessivage. —
Geochemical evolution by addition in confined environments...... 355
— Geochemistry of the constituent elements of clays: Alkaline ions: Na and K.
— Alkaline-earth ions: Ca and Mg. — Iron and aluminum. — Aluminum
and silicon. — Silicon and other cations in neoformations. — Disorder,
order and crystal size.......................... 363
— Geochemistry of landscapes and of sedimentary environments: Landscapes
of physical erosion. Detrital sedimentation. — Moderate tectonics. Moderate
weathering. Detrital sedimentation with transformations. — Null tectonics.
Strong weathering. Chemical sedimentation. — The reciprocal. Reconstruc-
tion of genetic environments...................... 370
— The silicate cycle: Metamorphism of clay minerals. — Convergence and
divergence of the geochemical cycles of elements............ 381
Bibliography .................................. 389
Index . . ................................... 427
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| spelling | Millot, Georges 1917-1991 Verfasser (DE-588)117044474 aut Géologie des argiles Geology of clays weathering, sedimentology, geochemistry by Georges Millot. Transl. by W. R. Farrand ; Hélène Paquet New York [u.a.] Springer [u.a.] 1970 XVI, 429 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Aus dem Franz. übers. Ton Geologie (DE-588)4185646-6 gnd rswk-swf Geologie (DE-588)4020227-6 gnd rswk-swf Tonboden (DE-588)4185662-4 gnd rswk-swf Tonboden (DE-588)4185662-4 s Geologie (DE-588)4020227-6 s DE-604 Ton Geologie (DE-588)4185646-6 s Farrand, W. R. Sonstige oth HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003104959&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Millot, Georges 1917-1991 Geology of clays weathering, sedimentology, geochemistry Ton Geologie (DE-588)4185646-6 gnd Geologie (DE-588)4020227-6 gnd Tonboden (DE-588)4185662-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4185646-6 (DE-588)4020227-6 (DE-588)4185662-4 |
| title | Geology of clays weathering, sedimentology, geochemistry |
| title_alt | Géologie des argiles |
| title_auth | Geology of clays weathering, sedimentology, geochemistry |
| title_exact_search | Geology of clays weathering, sedimentology, geochemistry |
| title_full | Geology of clays weathering, sedimentology, geochemistry by Georges Millot. Transl. by W. R. Farrand ; Hélène Paquet |
| title_fullStr | Geology of clays weathering, sedimentology, geochemistry by Georges Millot. Transl. by W. R. Farrand ; Hélène Paquet |
| title_full_unstemmed | Geology of clays weathering, sedimentology, geochemistry by Georges Millot. Transl. by W. R. Farrand ; Hélène Paquet |
| title_short | Geology of clays |
| title_sort | geology of clays weathering sedimentology geochemistry |
| title_sub | weathering, sedimentology, geochemistry |
| topic | Ton Geologie (DE-588)4185646-6 gnd Geologie (DE-588)4020227-6 gnd Tonboden (DE-588)4185662-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Ton Geologie Geologie Tonboden |
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