Friends in life and death: the British and Irish quakers in the demographic transition, 1650 - 1900
In Friends in life and death two distinguished historians join forces to exploit the exceptional riches offered by the records of British and Irish Quakers for the student of social, demographic, and familial change during the period 1650-1900. The authors have analyzed the experiences of more than...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Cambridge ; New York
Cambridge University Press
1992
|
| Edition: | 1. publ. |
| Series: | Cambridge studies in population, economy and society in past time
17 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Summary: | In Friends in life and death two distinguished historians join forces to exploit the exceptional riches offered by the records of British and Irish Quakers for the student of social, demographic, and familial change during the period 1650-1900. The authors have analyzed the experiences of more than 8,000 Quaker families, involving over 30,000 individuals, to produce an unparalleled study of patterns of child-bearing, marriage, and death among a major religious grouping. Professors Vann and Eversley show how Quaker values, both religious and economic, delayed marriage. The evidence suggests that in the seventeenth century some English Quakers practiced family limitation. English Quaker fertility, though rising to a peak from 1775 to 1825, was always lower than that of the Irish Quakers, who became one of the most fertile populations known to historical demographers. The mortality rate was high among urban Quakers prior to 1750, but better sanitation seems to have improved this. From 1825 onwards the number of births steadily declined, showing Quakers to have been in the vanguard of the move towards the small, modern family. The authors, wherever possible, compare the Quakers in the British Isles with the contemporary population of Britain and Ireland as a whole, as well as with that of France, Quebec, and the American colonies. Friends in life and death will thus make a contribution to our understanding of the social and economic history not only of this prominent British cultural group, but also that of other societies |
| Item Description: | Contents: 1. The quality of the sources -- 2. Characteristics of the sample -- 3. Marriage according to truth -- 4. The fruitfulness of the faithful -- 5. The quality and quantity of life. - Summary In Friends in life and death two distinguished historians join forces to exploit the exceptional riches offered by the records of British and Irish Quakers for the student of social, demographic, and familial change during the period 1650-1900. The authors have analyzed the experiences of more than 8,000 Quaker families, involving over 30,000 individuals, to produce an unparalleled study of patterns of child-bearing, marriage, and death among a major religious grouping. Professors Vann and Eversley show how Quaker values, both religious and economic, delayed marriage. The evidence suggests that in the seventeenth century some English Quakers practiced family limitation. English Quaker fertility, though rising to a peak from 1775 to 1825, was always lower than that of the Irish Quakers, who became one of the most fertile populations known to historical demographers. The mortality rate was high among urban Quakers prior to 1750, but better sanitation seems to have improved this. From 1825 onwards the number of births steadily declined, showing Quakers to have been in the vanguard of the move towards the small, modern family. The authors, wherever possible, compare the Quakers in the British Isles with the contemporary population of Britain and Ireland as a whole, as well as with that of France, Quebec, and the American colonies. Friends in life and death will thus make a contribution to our understanding of the social and economic history not only of this prominent British cultural group, but also that of other societie |
| Physical Description: | XIX, 281 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 0521392012 |
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| 500 | |a Contents: 1. The quality of the sources -- 2. Characteristics of the sample -- 3. Marriage according to truth -- 4. The fruitfulness of the faithful -- 5. The quality and quantity of life. - Summary In Friends in life and death two distinguished historians join forces to exploit the exceptional riches offered by the records of British and Irish Quakers for the student of social, demographic, and familial change during the period 1650-1900. The authors have analyzed the experiences of more than 8,000 Quaker families, involving over 30,000 individuals, to produce an unparalleled study of patterns of child-bearing, marriage, and death among a major religious grouping. Professors Vann and Eversley show how Quaker values, both religious and economic, delayed marriage. The evidence suggests that in the seventeenth century some English Quakers practiced family limitation. English Quaker fertility, though rising to a peak from 1775 to 1825, was always lower than that of the Irish Quakers, who became one of the most fertile populations known to historical demographers. The mortality rate was high among urban Quakers prior to 1750, but better sanitation seems to have improved this. From 1825 onwards the number of births steadily declined, showing Quakers to have been in the vanguard of the move towards the small, modern family. The authors, wherever possible, compare the Quakers in the British Isles with the contemporary population of Britain and Ireland as a whole, as well as with that of France, Quebec, and the American colonies. Friends in life and death will thus make a contribution to our understanding of the social and economic history not only of this prominent British cultural group, but also that of other societie | ||
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Record in the Search Index
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Contents
List of figures page xi
List of tables xii
Preface xvi
Introduction 1
1 The quality of the sources 11
2 Characteristics of the sample 32
3 Marriage according to truth 80
4 The fruitfulness of the faithful 129
5 The quality and quantity of life 186
Conclusion 239
Bibliography 256
Index 274
Figures
1.1 Sample page, London Friends' register of burials 13
1.2 Regular and irregular marriages, Southwark Monthly
Meeting 20
1.3 Estimate of English Quaker population before 1861 23
1.4 Sample family reconstitution form 24
2.1 Distribution of the Society of Friends in England in
1851, proportionate to the general population 33
2.2 Distribution of English Quakers, 1700 1709 34
2.3 Distribution by monthly and quarterly meetings within
areas 37
2.4 Marriages recorded, Irish family lists and various
monthly meetings 39
2.5 Leading monthly meetings, Irish Quakers 40
2.6 Distribution of Irish Friends, by monthly meeting 41
3.1 Seasonality of English Quaker weddings 85
3.2 Seasonality of weddings, 404 English parishes 86
3.3 Mean age at first marriage, Irish, rural English, and
(middle colony) American Quakers 95
3.4 Percentage of women ever married cumulated by age at
first marriage, Southern English Quakers and 13
English parishes 103
3.5 Mean ages at first marriage, British and Irish Quaker
men and women and other groups 106
4.1 Marital fertility, Irish Quaker women and Hutterite
women 140
4.2 Age specific fertility, by ages at marriage, selected ages
and periods 154
4 3 Age specific fertility, groups practicing family limi¬
tation 172
xi
xii List of figures
4A.1 Comparison of age and duration specific fertility
rates, Southern English and Irish Quakers 181
5.1 Percentage of "clustered" deaths, "crisis" and "non
crisis" years, urban, Irish, and Southern English
Quakers 187
5.2 Infant mortality, all British and Irish Quakers, 1675
1849 190
5.3 Seasonality of deaths from stated causes, London
Quaker children, 1675 1795 223
5.4 Seasonality of infant deaths from stated and unstated
causes, London Quaker infants, 1 month to 1 year,
1670 1709, and children, 1 to 4 years, 1710 1749 224
Tables
2.1 Comparison of data supplied by Quarterly Meeting
registers 35
2.2 First marriages by decennial periods, Irish Quakers
(except Lisburn) 38
2.3 Distribution of all marriages, by area and cohort 44
2.4 Mean family size (children ever born), Ulster Quakers 53
2.5 Occupational distribution, English Quaker bride¬
grooms, 1650 1849 7°
3.1 Ages at marriage, all British and Irish Quakers 87
3.2 Men's ages at marriage, by regions 88
3.3 Women's ages at marriage, by regions 89
3.4 Husband's age at marriage by wife's age at marriage,
English Quakers 91
3.5 Husband's age at marriage by wife's age at marriage,
Irish Quakers 92
3.6 Distribution of ages at first marriage in 13 English parishes 101
3.7 Mean ages at first marriage, English Quakers and parish
populations 102
3.8 Ages at first marriage, Quakers and British peerage 105
3.9 Definitive celibacy (percentage dying unmarried aged
50 or over) ' °8
3.10 Duration of marriages 110
3.11 Percentage of all marriages which were remarriages 111
3 12 Ages at marriage by occupational groups, English
Quakers 112
3.13 Expectation of life of adults ages 25 29 116
3.14 Mean age of children at marriage, by sex and birth rank 117
3.15 Sex ratio at burial, all British and Irish Quakers except
those known to have been under 20 years of age 124
xiii
xiv List of tables
3.16 Relationship between husbands' and wives' ages at first
marriage 126
4.1 Age specific marital fertility rates, all British and Irish
Quakers 132
4.2 Comparison of fertility, British and Irish Quakers,
French Catholics, Quebecois, and English parishes 134
4.3 Family size, completed families 137
4.4 Age specific fertility rates, all marriage ranks 138
4.5 Comparison of fertility, British, Irish, and American
colonial Quakers 141
4.6 Sterility of Quaker marriages 145
4.7 Age specific fertility of wives, by husbands' age 148
4.8 Wives' age at birth of last child, by age at marriage (com¬
pleted families only) 151
4.9 Birth intervals, by birth rank, for wives married under
age 34 *53
4.10 Birth intervals, all British and Irish Quakers 158
4.11 Effect of death of previous child on birth interval before
conception of next child 169
4.12 Children ever born, British and Irish Quaker and British
peerage families 173
5.1 Quaker infant and child mortality rates by sex and
region 193
5.2 Infant and child mortality from English parish registers 196
5.3 Ages at death of Quaker infants who died in their first
year 200
5.4 Child mortality rates (0 14), Quakers and British
peerage 203
5.5 Infant mortality rates, by rank order of birth 206
5.6 Infant and child mortality rates if next child conceived
within two years and all other cases 207
5.7 Reported causes of death, London population covered
by bills of mortality, 1670 1795 212
5.8 Stated causes of death, by age at death, all London
Quakers 214
5.9 Estimated mortality rates from various causes, London
Quaker infants and children 218
5.10 Estimated life expectancy at birth, British and Irish
Quakers 228
5.11 Life expectancies, exact ages at death known only 229
5.12 Life expectancies, average of "optimistic" and "pessi¬
mistic" assumptions 230
List of tables xv
5.13 Maternal mortality rates 233
5.14 Stated causes of death, London adult Quakers 234
5.15 Life expectancies in Bristol, c. 1825: the poor, Quakers,
and the whole city 237
C.i Numbers of children per family surviving to age 15 240 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Vann, Richard T. Eversley, David 1921-1995 |
| author_GND | (DE-588)134241940 (DE-588)140174257 |
| author_facet | Vann, Richard T. Eversley, David 1921-1995 |
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| building | Verbundindex |
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| callnumber-first | D - World History |
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| classification_rvk | LB 46190 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)22709076 (DE-599)BVBBV004836477 |
| dewey-full | 941/.0088286 |
| dewey-hundreds | 900 - History & geography |
| dewey-ones | 941 - British Isles |
| dewey-raw | 941/.0088286 |
| dewey-search | 941/.0088286 |
| dewey-sort | 3941 588286 |
| dewey-tens | 940 - History of Europe |
| discipline | Geschichte Sozial-/Kulturanthropologie / Empirische Kulturwissenschaft |
| edition | 1. publ. |
| era | Geschichte 1650-1900 gnd Sozialgeschichte 1650-1900 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1650-1900 Sozialgeschichte 1650-1900 |
| format | Book |
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English Quaker fertility, though rising to a peak from 1775 to 1825, was always lower than that of the Irish Quakers, who became one of the most fertile populations known to historical demographers. The mortality rate was high among urban Quakers prior to 1750, but better sanitation seems to have improved this. From 1825 onwards the number of births steadily declined, showing Quakers to have been in the vanguard of the move towards the small, modern family. The authors, wherever possible, compare the Quakers in the British Isles with the contemporary population of Britain and Ireland as a whole, as well as with that of France, Quebec, and the American colonies. 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English Quaker fertility, though rising to a peak from 1775 to 1825, was always lower than that of the Irish Quakers, who became one of the most fertile populations known to historical demographers. The mortality rate was high among urban Quakers prior to 1750, but better sanitation seems to have improved this. From 1825 onwards the number of births steadily declined, showing Quakers to have been in the vanguard of the move towards the small, modern family. The authors, wherever possible, compare the Quakers in the British Isles with the contemporary population of Britain and Ireland as a whole, as well as with that of France, Quebec, and the American colonies. 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| geographic | Großbritannien Irland Irland (DE-588)4027667-3 gnd Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 gnd Britische Inseln (DE-588)4090131-2 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Großbritannien Irland Britische Inseln |
| id | DE-604.BV004836477 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-02-03T07:00:20Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0521392012 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-002977629 |
| oclc_num | 22709076 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-188 |
| physical | XIX, 281 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten 24 cm |
| publishDate | 1992 |
| publishDateSearch | 1992 |
| publishDateSort | 1992 |
| publisher | Cambridge University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Cambridge studies in population, economy and society in past time |
| series2 | Cambridge studies in population, economy and society in past time |
| spelling | Vann, Richard T. Verfasser (DE-588)134241940 aut Friends in life and death the British and Irish quakers in the demographic transition, 1650 - 1900 Richard T. Vann and David Eversley 1. publ. Cambridge ; New York Cambridge University Press 1992 XIX, 281 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Cambridge studies in population, economy and society in past time 17 Contents: 1. The quality of the sources -- 2. Characteristics of the sample -- 3. Marriage according to truth -- 4. The fruitfulness of the faithful -- 5. The quality and quantity of life. - Summary In Friends in life and death two distinguished historians join forces to exploit the exceptional riches offered by the records of British and Irish Quakers for the student of social, demographic, and familial change during the period 1650-1900. The authors have analyzed the experiences of more than 8,000 Quaker families, involving over 30,000 individuals, to produce an unparalleled study of patterns of child-bearing, marriage, and death among a major religious grouping. Professors Vann and Eversley show how Quaker values, both religious and economic, delayed marriage. The evidence suggests that in the seventeenth century some English Quakers practiced family limitation. English Quaker fertility, though rising to a peak from 1775 to 1825, was always lower than that of the Irish Quakers, who became one of the most fertile populations known to historical demographers. The mortality rate was high among urban Quakers prior to 1750, but better sanitation seems to have improved this. From 1825 onwards the number of births steadily declined, showing Quakers to have been in the vanguard of the move towards the small, modern family. The authors, wherever possible, compare the Quakers in the British Isles with the contemporary population of Britain and Ireland as a whole, as well as with that of France, Quebec, and the American colonies. Friends in life and death will thus make a contribution to our understanding of the social and economic history not only of this prominent British cultural group, but also that of other societie In Friends in life and death two distinguished historians join forces to exploit the exceptional riches offered by the records of British and Irish Quakers for the student of social, demographic, and familial change during the period 1650-1900. The authors have analyzed the experiences of more than 8,000 Quaker families, involving over 30,000 individuals, to produce an unparalleled study of patterns of child-bearing, marriage, and death among a major religious grouping. Professors Vann and Eversley show how Quaker values, both religious and economic, delayed marriage. The evidence suggests that in the seventeenth century some English Quakers practiced family limitation. English Quaker fertility, though rising to a peak from 1775 to 1825, was always lower than that of the Irish Quakers, who became one of the most fertile populations known to historical demographers. The mortality rate was high among urban Quakers prior to 1750, but better sanitation seems to have improved this. From 1825 onwards the number of births steadily declined, showing Quakers to have been in the vanguard of the move towards the small, modern family. The authors, wherever possible, compare the Quakers in the British Isles with the contemporary population of Britain and Ireland as a whole, as well as with that of France, Quebec, and the American colonies. Friends in life and death will thus make a contribution to our understanding of the social and economic history not only of this prominent British cultural group, but also that of other societies Quäker (DE-588)2022024-8 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1650-1900 gnd rswk-swf Sozialgeschichte 1650-1900 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte Demographic transition Great Britain Demographic transition Ireland Quakers Great Britain History Quakers Ireland History Society of Friends History Bevölkerung (DE-588)4006287-9 gnd rswk-swf Sozialstruktur (DE-588)4055898-8 gnd rswk-swf Großbritannien Irland Irland (DE-588)4027667-3 gnd rswk-swf Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 gnd rswk-swf Britische Inseln (DE-588)4090131-2 gnd rswk-swf Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 g Quäker (DE-588)2022024-8 b Sozialgeschichte 1650-1900 z DE-604 Irland (DE-588)4027667-3 g Britische Inseln (DE-588)4090131-2 g Bevölkerung (DE-588)4006287-9 s Geschichte 1650-1900 z Sozialstruktur (DE-588)4055898-8 s DE-188 Eversley, David 1921-1995 Verfasser (DE-588)140174257 aut Cambridge studies in population, economy and society in past time 17 (DE-604)BV000013825 17 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=002977629&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Vann, Richard T. Eversley, David 1921-1995 Friends in life and death the British and Irish quakers in the demographic transition, 1650 - 1900 Cambridge studies in population, economy and society in past time Quäker (DE-588)2022024-8 gnd Geschichte Demographic transition Great Britain Demographic transition Ireland Quakers Great Britain History Quakers Ireland History Society of Friends History Bevölkerung (DE-588)4006287-9 gnd Sozialstruktur (DE-588)4055898-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)2022024-8 (DE-588)4006287-9 (DE-588)4055898-8 (DE-588)4027667-3 (DE-588)4022153-2 (DE-588)4090131-2 |
| title | Friends in life and death the British and Irish quakers in the demographic transition, 1650 - 1900 |
| title_auth | Friends in life and death the British and Irish quakers in the demographic transition, 1650 - 1900 |
| title_exact_search | Friends in life and death the British and Irish quakers in the demographic transition, 1650 - 1900 |
| title_full | Friends in life and death the British and Irish quakers in the demographic transition, 1650 - 1900 Richard T. Vann and David Eversley |
| title_fullStr | Friends in life and death the British and Irish quakers in the demographic transition, 1650 - 1900 Richard T. Vann and David Eversley |
| title_full_unstemmed | Friends in life and death the British and Irish quakers in the demographic transition, 1650 - 1900 Richard T. Vann and David Eversley |
| title_short | Friends in life and death |
| title_sort | friends in life and death the british and irish quakers in the demographic transition 1650 1900 |
| title_sub | the British and Irish quakers in the demographic transition, 1650 - 1900 |
| topic | Quäker (DE-588)2022024-8 gnd Geschichte Demographic transition Great Britain Demographic transition Ireland Quakers Great Britain History Quakers Ireland History Society of Friends History Bevölkerung (DE-588)4006287-9 gnd Sozialstruktur (DE-588)4055898-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Quäker Geschichte Demographic transition Great Britain Demographic transition Ireland Quakers Great Britain History Quakers Ireland History Society of Friends History Bevölkerung Sozialstruktur Großbritannien Irland Britische Inseln |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=002977629&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV000013825 |
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