Counterurbanization in England and Wales:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Aldershot
Avebury
1990
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XVI, 264 S. Kt. |
| ISBN: | 1856280241 |
Staff View
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Counterurbanization in England and Wales |c D. F. W. Cross |
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| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1960-1990 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Urban-rural migration |z Wales | |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Contents
List of tables v»
List of figures M
Preface xii
Acknowledgements xv
1 Introduction: the challenge of nonmetropolitan population growth 1
The origins of counterurbanization in the United States 2
The trend towards rural repopulation in Great Britain 3
Unravelling the counterurbanization concept 10
Possible explanations for the trend 12
Recent findings 23
The implications of population redistribution : 25
Summary ¦ 27
2 Approach, study area and data sources 28
Combining empirical, statistical and qualitative methods 29
The focus on southern England 33
Local authority districts as statistical units 36
Using census, survey and population estimates data 44
The district level geographical information system 56
3 The nature and timing of counterurbanization in England and Wales 58
The long term development of nonmetropolitan population growth 59
The focus of growth on accessible southern England 63
The importance of less remote rural areas 77
v
The similarity of population trends in towns 85
The paradoxical ward level population losses 88
The acceleration of population deconcentration in the late 1980s 90
Summary 92
4 The role of retirement migration in counterurbanization 94
The need to focus on rural growth districts 95
The importance of net migrational growth in counterurbanization 99
The close links with decentralization from the South East 103
The restricted role of retirement migration 115
Summary: the variety of migration processes 132
5 Changes in work travel patterns and the role of longer distance
commuting 134
The dormitory role of some rural growth districts 135
Longer distance commuting to London 146
Increased commuter mobility in southern England 152
The key role of local level commuting in East Anglia 161
Summary: the importance of longer distance commuting 168
6 The role of spatial employment change 170
The decentralization of employment opportunities 171
The association between population and employment growth 175
The importance of employment change in East Anglia 187
Confirmation at the district level 190
Summary: the continued relationship with employment growth 190
7 A qualitative assessment of population trends in East Anglia
and Dorset 194
The need for an interview survey 194
The widespread experience of counterurbanization in the study areas 197
The combination of factors underlying the trend 200
The limited role of the land use planning system 207
Summary 210
8 Conclusion: the causes and implications of counterurbanization 212
The importance of counterurbanization in England and Wales 213
The variety of underlying causes 214
The implications of longer distance commuting 218
A research agenda 221
Glossary of abbreviations 222
Appendix: Composition of the post 1974 counties and local
authority districts of southern England 224
Bibliography 242
Index 259
vi
Tables
1.1 Percentage population change by urban zone in Great Britain,
1951 74 4
1.2 Annual percentage population change by district density class in
England and Wales, 1961 79 7
2.1 Characteristics of nationwide sources containing information on
migration 53
3.1 Absolute and percentage population change by broad time periods
for the standard regions of England and Wales, 1891 1981 62
3.2 Local authority districts recording the most extreme rates of
mean annual percentage population change, 1971 86 67
3.3 Absolute population change in south eastern England, 1961 86 76
3.4 Population change by OPCS generalized district classes, 1961 86 79
3.5 Population change for the OPCS towns disaggregated by town
size and population density, 1961 81 86
4.1 Percentage net migration and natural change by district classes,
1971 86 101
4.2 Net migration by spatial zone of origin for the principal
subdivisions of England and Wales, 1980 81 106
4.3 Percentage population change by broad age groups, 1971 81 114
4.4 Net migration gains and losses of the districts of Norfolk
resulting from intraregional migration, 1980 81 121
4.5 OPCS socioeconomic groups 127
5.1 Mean district percentage self containment of residents in
employment (RIE) and total working population (TWP), 1981 142
vii
5.2 Season ticket holders to London, 1972 83: selective analysis by
line of route 145
5.3 Commuting to Greater London, self containment of residents and
workers, and the TWP/RIE ratios for southern counties of
England, 1971 and 1981 148
5.4 Percentage breakdown of residents in employment by destination
of work travel movement 1971,1981 and change 1971 81 151
5.5 Percentage self containment of residents in employment and total
working population by district classification in southern
England 1971, 1981 and change 1971 81 159
5.6 Gross and net work travel movements between the districts of
Cambridgeshire, 1981 162
5.7 Gross and net work travel movements between the districts of
Norfolk, 1981 163
5.8 Gross and net work travel movements between the districts of
Suffolk, 1981 164
5.9 Net work travel flows between the districts of Norfolk 1971,
1981 and change 1971 81 165
6.1 Zero order correlation coefficients of net migrational
(and other ) change 1971 81 with employment market
variables for the counties of England and Wales 178
6.2 Zero order correlation coefficients of net migrational
(and other ) change with employment change 1981 84 for the
counties of England and Wales 179
6.3 Zero order correlation coefficients of net migrational
(and other ) change 1971 81 with occupational statistics
and car ownership measures for the counties of England and
Wales 182
6.4 Zero order correlation coefficients of net migrational
(and other ) change 1971 81 with age structure 1981 and
percentage population change 1971 81 by age group for the
counties of England and Wales 185
6.5 Zero order correlation coefficients of net migrational
(and other ) change 1971 81 with social class and household
composition variables 1981 and change 1971 81 for the
counties of England and Wales 186
6.6 The administrative and functional composition of the East Anglia
standard region 188
6.7 Zero order correlation coefficients of gross population change
1971 81 with selected employment and socioeconomic variables
for the CURDS local labour market areas of England and Wales 189
6.8 Zero order correlation coefficients of gross population change
1971 81 with selected employment and socioeconomic variables
for CURDS local labour market areas of England and Wales by
urban size code of LLMA 191
6.9 Zero order correlation coefficients of net migrational change
1971 86 with employment structure and social class variables
for the local authority districts of England and Wales 192
7.1 Topics of enquiry of interviews conducted with county and
district planning officers 195
viii
Figures
1.1 Percentage population change by district in England and Wales,
1971 81 5
1.2 Percentage internal net migrational change by district in
England and Wales, 1971 81 8
1.3 Percentage natural change by district in England and Wales,
1971 81 9
1.4 An advertisement for retirement housing in southern England 16
1 5 The distribution of the pensionable population of England and
Wales, 1981 17
1.6 Where the military money goes: the north south divide 19
1.7 Jones model of the space time dimensions of counterurbanization
determinants 22
2.1 The administrative areas of England and Wales, 1981 38 9
2.2 The 280 local labour market areas (LLMAs) of the CURDS
functional regionalization of Great Britain 42 3
2.3 Categories of local authority district in England and Wales 47
2.4 The Index of Rurality, 1981 48
2.5 The functional status of local authority districts in England
and Wales 50
2.6 The functional region zone status of local authority districts
in England and Wales 51
3.1 Percentage population change by county in England and Wales,
1951 61 and 1971 81 60
3.2 Mean annual percentage population change by metropolitan status,
1961 86 64
ix
3.3 Upper and lower sextiles of mean annual percentage population
change and composite map of the upper sextiles, 1961 71,
1971 81 and 1981 86 68 71
3.4 Percentage point shift in mean annual population change, 1961 71
to 1971 81, and 1971 81 to 1981 86 74 5
3.5 Percentage population change by Rurality Index classification,
1961 86, as standardized for national population change 83
3.6 Percentage change in population present on census night by
electoral ward for Norfolk county, 1971 81 89
3.7 Percentage population change by district in England and Wales,
1981 88 91
4.1 The 110 rural districts of England and Wales 97
4.2 Spatial distribution and socioeconomic classification of the
selected rural growth districts 98
4.3 Disaggregation of percentage population change in the rural
growth districts into net migrational and natural change
components, 1971 86 102
4.4 Net migration with the South East region and its principal
subdivisions by district, 1980 81 108 11
4.5 Spatial disaggregation of internal in migrant flows by zone of
origin for the rural growth districts, 1980 81, and net
migration rates by spatial zone 117
4.6 Net migration by spatial zone of origin/destination for the
rural growth districts of Norfolk, 1980 81 118
4.7 The local authority districts and principal settlements of
Norfolk 120
4.8 Disaggregation of rural growth district net migrational gains
by broad age groups, 1980 81, and the age composition of
in and out migrant flows 122
4.9 Net migration by broad age groups for the rural growth districts
of Norfolk, 1980 81 124
4.10 Differentials between percentage economically active in and
out migrants for the rural growth districts, 1980 81 126
4.11 Socioeconomic composition of economically active interregional
migration into and out from Norfolk and Suffolk, 1980 81 128 9
4.12 Comparison of the socioeconomic composition of all Norfolk
economically active in migrants aged 16 and over with the
profile of all such migrants resident in England and Wales,
1980 81 130
4.13 Comparison of the socioeconomic composition of all migrants
resident in England and Wales with the usually resident
population aged 16 and over in employment, 1980 81 131
5.1 Density of residents in employment (RIE) by district in England
and Wales, 1981 137
5.2 Ratio between total working population (TWP) and residents in
employment (RIE) for local authority districts, 1981 138
5.3 Percentage self containment of residents in employment (RIE)
by district, 1981 140
5.4 Out commuting to Greater London by district as a percentage of
residents in employment, 1981 144
x
5.5 Percentage change in residents in employment (RIE) by district
in southern England, 1971 81 153
5.6 Percentage change in total working population (TWP) by district
in southern England, 1971 81 154
5.7 Absolute change in the TWP/RIE ratio by district, 1971 81 156
5.8 Absolute change in the percentage self containment of residents
in employment, 1971 81 157
5.9 Absolute change in the percentage of residents in employment
commuting to Greater London, 1971 81 160
5.10 The post 1974 local authority districts and pre 1974
administrative areas of Norfolk 166 7
6.1 Percentage change in service employment by LLMA, 1971 81 173
6.2 Percentage change in manufacturing employment by LLMA,
1971 81 174
6.3 Metropolitan status of the counties of England and Wales 176
6.4 A fourfold division of the counties of England and Wales 177
6.5 Employees in employment: GB seasonally adjusted change, fourth
quarter 1987 to fourth quarter 1989 183
7.1 Part of the promotional literature for the electrification of
the King s Lynn to London railway 198
7.2 Net migration to Norfolk, 1976 86, and gross migration flows
to and from the county, 1980 86 199
7.3 The Department of Employment travel to work areas (1984)
and Norfolk County Council policy areas of Norfolk 204 5
xi
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| spelling | Cross, D. F. Verfasser aut Counterurbanization in England and Wales D. F. W. Cross Aldershot Avebury 1990 XVI, 264 S. Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geschichte 1960-1990 gnd rswk-swf Urban-rural migration England Urban-rural migration Wales Stadtflucht (DE-588)4217838-1 gnd rswk-swf Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 gnd rswk-swf Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 g Stadtflucht (DE-588)4217838-1 s Geschichte 1960-1990 z DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=002829930&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Cross, D. F. Counterurbanization in England and Wales Urban-rural migration England Urban-rural migration Wales Stadtflucht (DE-588)4217838-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4217838-1 (DE-588)4022153-2 |
| title | Counterurbanization in England and Wales |
| title_auth | Counterurbanization in England and Wales |
| title_exact_search | Counterurbanization in England and Wales |
| title_full | Counterurbanization in England and Wales D. F. W. Cross |
| title_fullStr | Counterurbanization in England and Wales D. F. W. Cross |
| title_full_unstemmed | Counterurbanization in England and Wales D. F. W. Cross |
| title_short | Counterurbanization in England and Wales |
| title_sort | counterurbanization in england and wales |
| topic | Urban-rural migration England Urban-rural migration Wales Stadtflucht (DE-588)4217838-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Urban-rural migration England Urban-rural migration Wales Stadtflucht Großbritannien |
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