Palaeoecology of the flora in Buntsandstein and Keuper in the triassic of Middle Europe: 2 Keuper and index
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Stuttgart u.a.
Fischer
1990
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XII S., S. 937 - 1582 Ill. |
| ISBN: | 1560813024 |
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| adam_text | Overview and Table of Contents
Overview
1 Palaeontology of Triassic Pieuromeia-like Lycopods .............................. 1
2 Palaeophytogeography of the Buntsandstein Flora ................................ 57
3 Palaeophytosociology of the Buntsandstein Flora ............................... 195
4 Palaeoecology of the Buntsandstein Xerophytes ................................. 291
5 Palaeoecology of Pleuromeia sternbergi in the Buntsandstein ................... 485
6 Palaeoecology of the Keuper Flora and Comparison with the Buntsandstein Flora . 937
7 Lists of References, Key Words and Illustrations ............................. 1275
Table of contents
Preface ........................................................................... V
Overview ......................................................................... XV
Table of contents .............................................................. XVII
Abstract ..................................................................... XXXVII
Lists of Illustrations ......................................................... LXIX
Palaeontology of Triassic Pleuromeia
like Lycopods ...................................................... 1
1.0 Summary and associated table of contents .................................. 1
1.1 Introduction .............................................................. 7
1.1.1 Palaeoenvironmental and palaeoecological faciès modelling in the
Buntsandstein ...................................................... 7
1.1.2 Significance of the palaeobotanical Buntsandstein analysis ........ 10
1.1.3 Importance of comparative interpretation and multidisciplinary in-
tegration ......................................................... 12
1.1.4 Significance of the palaeoecological Keuper modelling ............. 14
1.1.5 Composition of the review ......................................... 14
1.2 Distribution of Pieuroaeia-like lycopods ................................. 16
1.2.1 Pleuromeia ........................................................ 16
1.2.2 Other Pieuromeia-like lycopods .................................... 18
1.3 Significance of Pieuraaeia-like lycopods ................................. 18
1.3.1 Depositional environment and biostratigraphy ...................... 19
1.3.2 Palaeoecology ..................................................... 19
1.4 Taxonoay and systeaatics of Pieuroaeia-like lycopods ..................... 19
1.4.1 Changes in systematical assignment of various lycopods ............ 22
1.4.2 Pieuromeia-section and Annaiepis-section lycopods ................. 24
1.4.3 Revision of the genus Pleuromeia .................................. 29
1.4.4 Pleuromeia flora vs. Pleuromeiaceae flora ......................... 43
1.5 Successional aspects of Pleuromeia and related lycopods .................. 43
1.5.1 Successional relationships between various lycopods ............... 43
1.5.2 Pleuromeia-like lycopods vs. Isoetes-like lycopods ................ 45
1.6 Palaeofloristical significance of Fleuroaeia-like lycopods ............... 46
1.6.1 General palaeofloristical aspects of the Buntsandstein vegetation . 48
1.6.2 Significance of the Buntsandstein flora for the Palaeophytic/Meso-
phytic transition ................................................. 50
1.6.3 Palaeophytogeographical provinces in the Lower Triassic ........... 51
1.6.4 Distribution of Pleuromeia sternbergi in the Eurasian arid province 53
2 palaeophytogeography of the Buntsand-
s t e i n F 1 o r a......................................................... 57
2.0 Summary and associated table of contents ................................. 57
2.1 Introduction............................................................. 65
2.1.1 Palaeophytogeographical evolution and migration of vegetations .... 66
2.1.2 Palaeophytogeographical zonation .................................. 66
2.1.3 Impoverished nature of the Buntsandstein vegetation ............... 68
2.2 General factors influencing the palaeophytogeographical analysis ......... 68
fi.2.1 Palaeogeobotanical integration of the Buntsandstein ............... 70
2.2.2 Autochthonous to parautochthonous nature of the vegetations ....... 72
2.2.3 Effects biasing the palaeophytogeographical assessment ............ 78
2.3 General palaeophytogeographical and palaeophytoecological setting of the
Buntsandstein in Middle Europe .......................................... 101
2.3.1 Palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatological framework ........... 101
2.3.2 Principal soil types ............................................. 101
2.3.3 Successions of palaeobiogeocenes ................................. 102
2.3.4 Zonobiome subtypes and ecotypes .................................. 102
2.4 Distribution of Pleuromeia sternbergi and extension of the vegetation zo-
nes ..................................................................... 106
2.4.1 Lower Buntsandstein and lower part of Middle Buntsandstein ....... 106
2.4.2 Upper part of Middle Buntsandstein below Solling-Folge Bausand-
stein ............................................................ 107
2.4.3 Solling-Folge Bausandstein ....................................... 108
2.4.4 Thüringer Chirotherien-Sandstein ................................. 109
2.4.5 Zwischenschichten and/or Plattensandstein ........................ 110
2.4.6 Voltziensandstein and/or Röt-Tone ................................ 110
2.4.7 Lower Muschelkalk .......... ...................................... 111
2.4.8 Lower Keuper ..................................................... 111
2.4.9 Distribution of Pleuromeia in the Buntsandstein of Middle Europe . 112
2.4.10 Distribution of lycopods in the Lower Triassic of Eurasia ........ 112
2.5 Distribution of plant association subzones and patches within the aain ve-
getation belts .......................................................... 114
2.5.1 Implications of stratigraphical revision of the Solling-Folge .... 114
2.5.2 General aspects of the plant associations ........................ 120
2.5.3 Association of isolated patches in the upper part of the Middle
Buntsandstein .................................................... 124
2.5.4 Northeastern belt in the lower part of the Upper Buntsandstein ... 128
2.5.5 Southwestern belt in the upper part of the Upper Buntsandstein ... 129
2.6 Relationships between plant associations and vegetation zones ........... 130
2.6.1 Organization of the evaluation ................................... 130
2.6.2 Distribution of plant associations within the vegetation zones ... 131
2.6.3 Distribution of vegetation zones within the plant associations ... 135
2.7 Distribution of species within the plant groups ......................... 137
2.7.1 General aspects .................................................. 138
2.7.2 Coniferophyta .................................................... 140
2.7.3 Filicophyta ...................................................... 143
2.7.4 Sphenophyta ...................................................... 146
VI
2.8 Distribution of species within the basin................................ 150
2.8.1 Ubiquitous species ............................................... 152
2.8.2 Non-ubiquitous species ........................................... 154
2.9 Migration of vegetations towards the south.............................. 156
2.9.1 Vegetations with Pleuromeia (Associations I - IV) ................ 158
2.9.2 Vegetations without Pleuromeia (Associations V - VIII) ........... 162
2.9.3 Overall significance............................................. 166
2.10 Implications of the dispersed spores and pollen ......................... 169
2.10.1 Limitations of the palaeophytogeographical assessment of the dis-
persed spores and pollen ......................................... 170
2.10.2 Implications of dispersed spores and pollen enhancing the model of
the palaeophytogeographical evolution ............................ 176
2.11 Palaeophytogeography of the Lower Triassic vegetations with Pleuromeia in
North China ............................................................. 182
2.11.1 Liuj iakou Formation .............................................. 183
2.11.2 Heshankou Formation .............................................. 183
2.11.3 Lower Ermaying Formation ......................................... 190
2.11 .4 Comparative evaluation of Middle Europe and North China .......... 190
3 Palaeophytosociology of the Buntsand-
stein Flora ........................................................ 195
3.0 Summary and associated table of contents ................................ 195
3.1 Introduction............................................................ 202
3.1.1 Hierarchical stages of the evaluation ............................ 202
3.1.2 Other aspects .................................................... 202
3.2 Local and regional palaeophytosociology in the German Basin............. 203
3.2.1 Main palaeophytosociological associations ........................ 204
3.2.2 Bilateral and multilateral compatibility of plants ............... 209
3.2.3 Relative population density modelling ............................ 220
3.2.4 Compositional diversification of vegetations ..................... 256
3.2.5 Competition of plants ............................................ 260
3.2.6 Floral changes ................................................... 264
3.2.7 Palaeophytosociology as a scale for the effectivity of the xero-
morphic adaptation of the Buntsandstein flora .................... 272
3.3 Areal palaeophytosociology in the Eurasian arid province................ 278
3.3.1 Longitudinal palaeophytosociology ................................ 278
3.3.2 Lateral palaeophytosociology ..................................... 280
4 Palaeoecology of the Buntsandstein
Xerophytes .......................................................... 291
4.0 Summary and associated table of contents ................................ 291
4.1 Introduction............................................................ 302
4.1.1 Aims and composition of the review ............................... 303
4.1.2 Importance of palaeoecological evaluation of Pleuromeia and other
Buntsandstein plants ............................................. 303
4.1.3 Assessment of ecological aspects of terrestrial vegetations ...... 304
VII
4.2 Palaeocliaatological and palaeoenviranaental implications of the xeroaor-
phic features of the Buntsandstein plants ............................... 304
4.2.1 General aspects of xeromorphic criteria of the Buntsandstein
plants ........................................................... 305
4.2.2 General palaeoecological setting of the Buntsandstein in Middle
Europe ........................................................... 306
4.2.3 General composition of the Buntsandstein flora ................... 310
4.2.4 Succulent character of Pleuromeia sternbergi ..................... 312
4.2.5 Alternating zones of Pieuromeia sternbergi ....................... 317
4.2.6 Growth rings in conifer wood ..................................... 345
4.2.7 Scleromorphic leaves ............................................. 354
4.2.8 Heteromorphic leaves ............................................. 360
4.2.9 Abscission of leaves ............................................. 378
4.2.10 Imbricated leaves ................................................ 391
4.2.11 Rolling-in of leaves ............................................. 394
4.2.12 Covered buds ..................................................... 396
4.2.13 Edge position of leaves .......................................... 396
4.2.14 Enhanced ramification of the shoot ............................... 397
4.2.15 Rods and feather bushes as special growth forms .................. 407
4.2.16 Stomata in the cortex of the assimilating stem of Pleuromeia
sternbergi ....................................................... 413
4.2.17 Deep tap roots and shallow root disks ............................ 420
4.2.18 Adventitious roots ............................................... 428
4.2.19 Cage- or pot-like envelope around the branched root system ....... 433
4.2.20 Presence of a ligula ............................................. 437
4.2.21 Impoverished content of nutrients in sandy soils ................. 438
4.2.22 Secondary xylem tracheid diameter ................................ 441
4.3 Evaluation of the palaeoecology of the Buntsandstein xerophytes ......... 442
4.3.1 General palaeosynecological composition of the Buntsandstein flora 442
4.3.2 Specific palaeoautecological adaptation of Buntsandstein plants .. 444
4.3.3 Functional morphological significance of xeromorphic features .... 444
4.3.4 Habitat of the Buntsandstein plants .............................. 446
4.3.5 Implications of the xeromorphic features for the palaeoecological
modelling of Pleuromeia sternbergi ............................... 458
4.3.6 Comparison of the xeromorphic Buntsandstein flora and the hygro-
morphic Upper Carboniferous flora ................................ 460
4.4 Palaeoecology of Pleuroaeia-section lycopods and other xerophytes in the
Lower Triassic of North China........................................... 465
4.4.1 Palaeoecology of Pleuromeia jiaochengensis ....................... 465
4.4.2 Xeromorphic features of the plants in the Lower Triassic of North
China ............................................................ 466
4.5 Palaeoecology of the Anoalepis-section lycopods in the Lower Triassic of
Siberia/USSR and Australia.............................................. 469
4.5.1 Palaeoecological similarity of Annalepis, Cylomeia and Tomiostro-
bus .............................................................. 470
4.5.2 Distribution of Anna2epis-section lycopods ....................... 470
4.5.3 General palaeoecological setting of mangrove vegetations ......... 471
4.5.4 Mangrove environment of Annalepis-section lycopods ............... 473
4.6 Palaeoclisatological and palaeogeotectonical significance of Fleuromeia-
and Annaiepis-section lycopods .......................................... 481
4.6.1 General palaeoclimatological and palaeogeographical setting ...... 482
4.6.2 Distribution of some conifers in the Triassic .................... 482
4.6.3 Palaeofloristical belt extension in Triassic and Jurassic ........ 483
4.6.4 Rotation of the Eurasian continent ............................... 483
VIII
5 Palaeoecology of Pleuromeia sternbergi
in the Buntsandstein...................................... 485
5.0 Summary and associated table of contents ................................ 485
5.1 Introduction............................................................ 505
5.1.1 Two alternative palaeoautecological models of Pleuromeia sternber-
gi ............................................................... 505
5.1.2 Composition of the review ........................................ 505
5.2 Model of growth as terrestrial plant standing on dry ground............. 506
5.2.1 Autochthonous growth together with other plants .................. 506
5.2.2 Occurrence with marked terrestrial plants ........................ 509
5.2.3 Burial in-situ in life position .................................. 512
5.2.4 Compensation of soil-sliding effects during growth by geotropism . 517
5.2.5 Colonization of dry aeolian dune and interdune sediments ......... 519
5.2.6 Regular distribution of two generations .......................... 524
5.2.7 Preservation within mud lenses ................................... 527
5.3 Model of growth as aquatic plant floating on a shallow waterbody ........ 546
5.3.1 Radial orientation of root appendices ............................ 547
5.3.2 Abscission of root appendices .................................... 558
5.3.3 Flat disk-shaped root complex .................................... 582
5.3.4 Hollow construction of stem and root ............................. 587
5.3.5 Boat-like shape of megasporophylls ............................... 630
5.3.6 Absence of Pleuromeia from Violette Horizonte palaeosols ......... 634
5.3.7 Compositional diversification of substrates ...................... 639
5.3.8 Compositional diversification of vegetations ..................... 666
5.3.9 Different preservation of juvenile and adult Pleuromeia plants ... 667
5.3.10 Spirorbis tests on lycopods and horse tails ...................... 670
5.3.11 Occurrence together with ammonites and other marine mollusks ..... 677
5.3.12 Insect feeding traces on Stigmaria roots ......................... 680
5.4 Overall palaeoecological aodel .......................................... 680
5.4.1 Terrestrial and aquatic habitat of Pleuromeia sternbergi ......... 680
5.4.2 Terrestrial and aquatic habitat of other lycopods ................ 702
5.4.3 Halophytic nature of Pleuromeia sternbergi ....................... 722
5.5 Successional aspects of Pleuromeia and related lycopods ................. 733
5.5.1 Distribution and ecology of Isoetes and Stylites ................. 734
5.5.2 Differences between Pleuromeia/Nathorstiana and Stylites ......... 740
5.5.3 Comparison of different lycopod types ............................ 745
5.5.4 Common principles of root organization of the lycopods ........... 747
5.5.5 Two separate and independent lines of PIeuromeia-like and related
lycopods ......................................................... 766
5.5.6 Comparison of the palaeoecological significance of abscission of
root appendices and activity of stomata .......................... 775
5.6 Case studies of environment of growth and conditions of burial of Pleuro-
meia sternbergi and related lycopods .................................... 777
5.6.1 Pleuromeia sternbergi in the Middle Buntsandstein of Lammersdorf
near Gerolstein (Western Eifel/Germany FRG) ...................... 777
5.6.2 Pleuromeia sternbergi in the Middle Buntsandstein of Bernburg (Sa-
xony/Germany GDR) ................................................ 803
5.6.3 Nathorstiana-liV.e lycopod in the Buntsandstein-facies of Devet
Krizu near Cerveny Kostelec (Northeastern Bohemia/Czechoslovakia) 823
5.6.4 Nathorstiana arborea in the Lower Cretaceous of Quedlinburg (Harz
Fore area/Germany GDR ) ........................................... 839
5.6.5 Comparative evaluation and significance for the palaeoecological
interpretation of other lycopods ................................. 856
IX
5.7 Stigaaria-bearing lycopods and Calamités horse tails in the Dpper Carbo-
niferous of Joggins near Aaherst (Nova Scotia/Canada) ................... 864
5.7.1 Geological and geographical setting .............................. 865
5.7.2 Earlier geological and palaeontological investigations in the Up-
per Carboniferous sections around Joggins ........................ 868
5.7.3 Composition of the sedimentary sequence .......................... 869
5.7.4 Distribution of Stigmaria roots and upright lycopod stems ........ 870
5.7.5 Preservation of lycopod and horse tail stems and roots ........... 875
5.7.6 Sand cast origin by plugging of hollow lycopod and horse tail axes 876
5.7.7 Depositional environment of the Joggins Formation ................ 903
5.7.8 Palaeoecological evolution of the Joggins Formation .............. 911
5.7.9 Palaeoecology of Stigmaria-bearing lycopods in grey faciès ....... 912
5.7.10 Palaeoecology of Stigmaria-bearing lycopods in red faciès ........ 918
5.7.11 Distribution of lycopods and horse tails ......................... 920
5.7.12 Allochthonous vs. autochthonous nature of lycopod and horse tail
stems and roots .................................................. 921
6 Palaeoecology of the Keuper Flora and
Comparison with the Buntsandstein Flora 937
6.0 Summary and associated table of contents ................................ 937
6.1 Introduction............................................................ 953
6.1.1 Palynomorphs vs. shoot fragments and root tubes .................. 953
6.1.2 Palaeoenvironmental and palaeopedological modelling .............. 953
6.1.3 Palaeoecological correlation of Upper Buntsandstein and Middle
Keuper ........................................................... 955
6.1.4 Stratigraphical scope of the palaeoecological modelling .......... 958
6.2 Stratigraphy, lithology and palaeobotany of the Keuper .................. 958
6.2.1 Isochronous Folgen stratigraphy vs. conventional field mapping
stratigraphy ..................................................... 960
6.2.2 Geometry of string sandstone complexes ........................... 962
6.2.3 Erosion vs. deformation at the base of channel sandstones ........ 962
6.2.4 Palaeogeography of string and sheet sandstones ................... 963
6.2.5 Stratigraphical subdivision of the Keuper vegetations ............ 964
6.2.6 Palaeofloristical evolution of the Keuper vegetations ............ 965
6.2.7 Composition of the review ........................................ 966
6.3 Palaeoenvironaent, palaeopedology, palaeocliaatology and palaeoecology
of the Keuper flora in different stratigraphical stages ................. 966
6.3.1 Lettenkohle (Lower Keuper) flora ................................. 967
6.3.2 Gipskeuper (base of Middle Keuper) flora ......................... 973
6.3.3 Schilfsandstein (lower Middle Keuper) flora ...................... 988
6.3.4 Bunte Mergel (middle to upper Middle Keuper) flora .............. 1007
6.3.5 Coburger Sandstein (middle Middle Keuper) flora ................. 1014
6.3.6 Blasensandstein (middle Middle Keuper) flora .................... 1032
6.3.7 Kieselsandstein (middle Middle Keuper) flora .................... 1042
6.3.8 Stubensandstein (upper Middle Keuper) flora ..................... 1050
6.3.9 Burgsandstein (upper Middle Keuper) flora ....................... 1071
6.3.10 Feuerletten/Knollenmergel (top of Middle Keuper) flora .......... 1084
6.3.11 Rhaetian (Upper Keuper) flora ................................... 1091
6.3.12 Liassic (Lower Jurassic) flora .................................. 1098
6.4 Repetition of the palaeoecological framework of the Dpper Buntsandstein
in the Middle Keuper ................................................... 1100
6.4.1 General palaeoenvironmental and palaeopedological setting ....... 1100
6.4.2 Palaeopedological indications of the palaeoclimate .............. 1120
6.4.3 Sedimentological indications of the palaeoclimate ............... 1121
6.4.4 Fan vs. sheet braidplain geometry ............................... 1122
,5 Sandy vs. muddy palaeosol substrates ............................ 1124
,6 Bröckelbank carbonate breccias and calcrete maturity ............ 1125
,7 Vegetation type vs. population density .......................... 1126
. 8 Composition of the plant spectrum ............................... 1126
.9 Rooting depth vs. water storage in different soils .............. 1127
,10 Palaeofloristical and palaeoenvironmental evolution ............. 1128
, 11 Distribution of rock colours .................................... 1129
6.4.12 Distribution of aeolian sediments ............................... 1131
6.4.13 Comparison of German and Carpathian Keuper ...................... 1136
6.5 Palaeoecological and palaeocliaatological implications of hygroaorphic
and xeroaorphic features of Keuper plants.............................. 1141
6.5.1 General aspects ................................................. 1141
6.5.2 Equisetites arenaceus ........................................... 1142
6.5.3 Neocalamites meriani ............................................ 1153
6.5.4 Schizoneura paradoxa ............................................ 1154
6.5.5 Ferns and pteridosperms ......................................... 1159
6.5.6 Voltzia coburgensis and other conifers .......................... 1160
6.5.7 Morphotypes of horse tails and conifers ......................... 1165
6.5.8 Pterophyllum .................................................... 11 66
6.5.9 Cycadophytes .................................................... 1171
6.5.10 Annalepis zeilleri .............................................. 1171
6.5.11 Bedheimia ....................................................... 1176
6.5.12 Apparent and enigmatic Pieuromeia-like lycopods ................. 1180
6.6 Differences between Lower Keuper Lettenkohle flora and lower Middle Keu-
per SchilfSandstein flora .............................................. 1182
6.6.1 Plant distribution in Lettenkohle and Schilf Sandstein ........... 1182
6.6.2 Distribution of ubiquitous plant species and genera ............. 1183
6.6.3 Distribution of morphotypes of horse tails and conifers ......... 1183
6.7 Species and genera occurring in both Buntsandstein and Keuper flora .... 1186
6.7.1 Distribution of plants in Buntsandstein and Keuper .............. 1186
6.7.2 Progressive elimination of Buntsandstein-flora elements during
course of the Keuper ............................................ 1186
6.8 Palaeophytological evolution of the Keuper flora ....................... 1187
6.8.1 Lettenkohle (Lower Keuper) flora ................................ 1188
6.8.2 Gipskeuper (base of Middle Keuper) flora ........................ 1191
6.8.3 Schilfsandstein (lower Middle Keuper) flora ..................... 1195
6.8.4 Coburger Sandstein (middle Middle Keuper) flora ................. 1196
6.8.5 Bunte Mergel (middle and upper Middle Keuper) flora ............. 1198
6.8.6 Blasensandstein, Burgsandstein and Stubensandstein (middle and
upper Middle Keuper) flora ...................................... 1199
6.8.7 Feuerletten/Knollenmergel (top of Middle Keuper) flora .......... 1201
6.9 Comparative evaluation of Buntsandstein and Keuper florae .............. 1202
6.9.1 Hygromorphic Lettenkohle and SchilfSandstein florae ............. 1202
6.9.2 Palaeoecology of PIeuromeia-like lycopods in Lower Keuper ....... 1205
6.9.3 Xeromorphic Gipskeuper and Bunte Mergel flora ................... 1206
6.9.4 Xeromorphic Coburger Sandstein flora ............................ 1208
6.9.5 Distinction of conifer and horse tail roots ..................... 1221
6.9.6 Distinction of aerated and hydromorphic palaeosols .............. 1223
6.9.7 Distribution of primary and secondary red and blue-violet colours
of sediments and palaeosols ..................................... 1225
6.10 Evolution of Pieuroaeia-like lycopods in Buntsandstein and Keuper ...... 1225
6.10.1 Lower and Middle Keuper ......................................... 1226
6.10.2 Upper Keuper and Lower Jurassic ................................. 1227
6.10.3 General palaeofloristical evolution ............................. 1228
XI
6.11 Palaeoecological aspects of the Rhaetian/Liassic flora ................. 1228
6.11.1 Hygromorphic tropical vegetation ................................ 1229
6.11.2 Distribution of horse tails and conifers ........................ 1229
6.11.3 Palaeofloristical magnacycles in Permian and Triassic ........... 1230
6.11.4 Significance of the Voltzia flora for delimitation of Palaeophy-
tic and Mesophytic .............................................. 1232
6.11.5 Palaeofloristical megacycle of Lower and Middle Keuper .......... 1233
6.11.6 Beginning of a new palaeofloristical magnacycle in Rhaetian/Lias-
sic ............................................................. 1234
6.11.7 Palaeoenvironmental setting of the Rhaetian/Liassic flora ....... 1234
6.12 Palaeogeographical and palaeotectonical evolution of the Keuper ........ 1235
6.12.1 Lettenkohle (Upper Ladinian) .................................... 1235
6.12.2 Gipskeuper (Lower Karnian) ...................................... 1236
6.12.3 Schilfsandstein (Upper Karnian) ................................. 1238
6.12.4 Untere Bunte Mergel (Upper Karnian) ............................. 1240
6.12.5 Kieselsandstein and Blasensandstein/Coburger Sandstein (Lower No-
rian) ........................................................... 1242
6.12.6 Obere Bunte Mergel (Lower Norian) ............................... 1244
6.12.7 Stubensandstein and Burgsandstein (Lower to Middle Norian) ...... 1245
6.12.8 Feuerletten/Knollenmergel (Upper Norian) ........................ 1247
6.12.9 Rhaetian (Upper Keuper) ......................................... 1248
6.12.10 Liassic (Lower Jurassic) ....................................... 1249
6.13 Palaeocliaatological evolution of the Keuper........................... 1250
6.13.1 Drying-upwards semi-arid megacycle in the Middle Keuper ......... 1252
6.13.2 Separate evaluation of sandstone- and mudstone-dominated sequen-
ces ............................................................. 1256
6.13.3 Controls and consequences of the upwards-drying tendency ........ 1260
6.13.4 Apparent symmetrical palaeoclimatological magnacycle of the Keu-
per ............................................................. 1260
6.13.5 Correlation of calcrete palaeosol maturity, Bröckelbank and coal
seam distribution, and composition of vegetations ............... 1262
6.13.6 Inverse orientation of palaeoclimatological changes in Buntsand-
stein and Keuper ................................................ 1263
6.14 Overall palaeoenviraraental and palaeoecological history ............... 1270
6.14.1 Lettenkohle and Schilfsandstein ................................. 1270
6.14.2 Middle Keuper except of the Schilfsandstein ..................... 1271
6.14.3 Rhaetian/Liassic ................................................ 1273
6.14.4 Integrated magnacycle evolution ................................. 1274
7 Lists of References, Key Words and
I 1 1 u s t r a t i o n s ................................................... 1275
7.0 Summary and associated table of contents ............................... 1275
7.1 Introduction........................................................... 1275
7.1.1 Tables of contents and hierarchical headline system ............. 1275
7.1.2 Key word index, reference list, and list of illustrations ....... 1276
7.2 Lists of illustrations ................................................. 1277
7.2.1 List of tables .................................................. 1277
7.2.2 List of figures ................................................. 1279
7.2.3 List of plates .................................................. 1281
7.3 Reference list ......................................................... 1285
7.4 Key nord index......................................................... 1369
Postface ....................................................................... 1532
XII
|
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| geographic_facet | Mitteleuropa |
| id | DE-604.BV004508231 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T16:13:39Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 1560813024 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-002778125 |
| oclc_num | 263156825 |
| open_access_boolean | |
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| physical | XII S., S. 937 - 1582 Ill. |
| publishDate | 1990 |
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| publisher | Fischer |
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| spelling | Mader, Detlef 1954- Verfasser (DE-588)109367472 aut Palaeoecology of the flora in Buntsandstein and Keuper in the triassic of Middle Europe 2 Keuper and index Detlef Mader Stuttgart u.a. Fischer 1990 XII S., S. 937 - 1582 Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Palökologie (DE-588)4044430-2 gnd rswk-swf Keuper (DE-588)4163713-6 gnd rswk-swf Buntsandstein (DE-588)4009081-4 gnd rswk-swf Pflanzen (DE-588)4045539-7 gnd rswk-swf Mitteleuropa (DE-588)4039677-0 gnd rswk-swf Mitteleuropa (DE-588)4039677-0 g Buntsandstein (DE-588)4009081-4 s Palökologie (DE-588)4044430-2 s Pflanzen (DE-588)4045539-7 s DE-604 Keuper (DE-588)4163713-6 s (DE-604)BV004508225 2 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=002778125&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Mader, Detlef 1954- Palaeoecology of the flora in Buntsandstein and Keuper in the triassic of Middle Europe Palökologie (DE-588)4044430-2 gnd Keuper (DE-588)4163713-6 gnd Buntsandstein (DE-588)4009081-4 gnd Pflanzen (DE-588)4045539-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4044430-2 (DE-588)4163713-6 (DE-588)4009081-4 (DE-588)4045539-7 (DE-588)4039677-0 |
| title | Palaeoecology of the flora in Buntsandstein and Keuper in the triassic of Middle Europe |
| title_auth | Palaeoecology of the flora in Buntsandstein and Keuper in the triassic of Middle Europe |
| title_exact_search | Palaeoecology of the flora in Buntsandstein and Keuper in the triassic of Middle Europe |
| title_full | Palaeoecology of the flora in Buntsandstein and Keuper in the triassic of Middle Europe 2 Keuper and index Detlef Mader |
| title_fullStr | Palaeoecology of the flora in Buntsandstein and Keuper in the triassic of Middle Europe 2 Keuper and index Detlef Mader |
| title_full_unstemmed | Palaeoecology of the flora in Buntsandstein and Keuper in the triassic of Middle Europe 2 Keuper and index Detlef Mader |
| title_short | Palaeoecology of the flora in Buntsandstein and Keuper in the triassic of Middle Europe |
| title_sort | palaeoecology of the flora in buntsandstein and keuper in the triassic of middle europe keuper and index |
| topic | Palökologie (DE-588)4044430-2 gnd Keuper (DE-588)4163713-6 gnd Buntsandstein (DE-588)4009081-4 gnd Pflanzen (DE-588)4045539-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Palökologie Keuper Buntsandstein Pflanzen Mitteleuropa |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=002778125&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV004508225 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT maderdetlef palaeoecologyoftheflorainbuntsandsteinandkeuperinthetriassicofmiddleeurope2 |