Risk assessment in genetic engineering:
Saved in:
| Format: | Book |
|---|---|
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
New York u.a.
McGraw-Hill
1991
|
| Series: | McGraw-Hill environmental biotechnology series
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XI, 403 S. |
| ISBN: | 0070374163 |
Staff View
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Risk assessment in genetic engineering |c Morris A. Levin [ed.] ... |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Génie génétique - Évaluation du risque | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Genetic Engineering | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Risk | |
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804118561480769536 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Risk Assessment in
Engineering
Morris A Levin
Maryland Biotechnology Institute
The University of Maryland
Baltimore, Maryland
Harlee S Strauss
H Strauss Associates, Inc
Natick, Massachusetts
McGraw-Hill, Inc
New York St Louis San Francisco Auckland Bogota
Caracas Hamburg Lisbon London Madrid
Mexico Milan Montreal New Delhi Paris
San Juan Sao Paulo Singapore
Sydney Tokyo Toronto
Contents
Contributors ix
Preface xi
Introduction: Overview of Risk Assessment and Regulation
of Environmental Biotechnology 1
Objectives and Organization 2
The U S Regulatory System 3
Growth of Biotechnology Products Requiring Regulations 9
International Biotechnology Guidelines and Regulations 12
Brief History of the Risk Assessment Debate in the Scientific Community 13
References 16
Chapter 1 Ecological Aspects of Hazard Identification for f *
Environmental Uses of Genetically Engineered Organisms (j8/
Introduction 18
Concerns in Risk Assessment 19
Other Issues 27
Risk Assessment Needs 28
Conclusion 29
References 30
Chapter 2 Nontarget Species Testing of Microbial Products -
intended for Use in the Environment 32 7
Introduction 32
Microbial Products for Environmental Use - 33
The Need for Nontarget Organism Testing 35
Philosophy behind Testing 36
Special Considerations ^ 41
Conclusion - 48
References - 48
Chapter 3 The Toxicology of Genetically Engineered Microorganisms ( § 1 /
Introduction 51
Fundamental Toxicological Considerations 53
The Microbiology and Genetic Toxicology of GEMs 56
Testing Guidelines for Safety Evaluation of GEMs 61
References 62
Chapter 4 Safety Considerations in the Evaluation of Transgenic
Plants for Human Food 64
Introduction 64
Food Safety Regulatory Background 66
Potential Food Safety Considerations 72
Research Priorities 78
vi Contents
Conclusion 79
References 79
Chapter 5 Release and Transport of Entomopathogenic
Microorganisms S3
Introduction 63
Fate of Released Entomopathogens - 85
Methods of Dispersal or Transport 87
Effects of Genetic Engineering on Transport 96
Exposure Assessment 100
Recommendations 102
References 105
O Chapter 6 Persistence, Establishment, and Mitigation of
Phytopathogenic Viruses 114
Introduction 114
The Nature of Plant Viruses 115
Experimental Methods with Viruses 116
Ecology of Plant Viruses 117
Strategies for Mitigating Plant Virus Diseases 120
Potential for Genetic Engineering to Change Virus Exposures 126
References 132
Chapter 7 Genetic Transfer in Plants Involving Viruses 140
Introduction 140
Plant Viruses as Vectors 140
Viral Regulatory Sequences in Transgenic Plants 142
Viral Sequences Involved in Pathogenicity 143
Cross-Protection and Viruses Modified by Recombinant
DNA Techniques 145
Protection Using Viral Genome Segments 146
Effects on Plant and Animal Metabolism 153
Conclusion 155
References 156
A Chapter 8 The Implications of Horizontal Gene Transfer for the
Environmental Impact of Genetically Engineered Microorganisms 163
Introduction ^ 163
Design of Genetically Engineered Microorganisms 164
Mechanisms of Genetic Exchange 167
Effect of Horizontal Transfer Potential on GEMs and
Microbial Communities 180
References 182
C? Chapter 9 Management of Transgenic Plants in the Environment 189
Goals of Genetic Engineering of Plants 189
Environmental Concerns 191
Overview of Plant Release, Movement, and Establishment 195
Immediate and Future Weed Priorities 200
Amount and Type of Data Needed to Make Reliable Risk Estimates 206
Monitoring Introduced Plants and Genes 207
Mitigation and Control Measures 209
Containment Methods 212
Contents vii
Summary 214
References 214
Chapter 10 Statistical Techniques for Field Testing of Genetically ^
Engineered Microorganisms 219
Introduction 219
Descriptive Statistics 220
Useful Statistics 220
Testing Hypotheses 223
Analysis of Variance 223
Probabilities of Incorrect Conclusions 224
Error Variation in the Field 225
Requirements for Analysis of Variance 225
Design of Preliminary Field Experiments 228
Monitoring Microorganisms in the Field 230
Advanced Testing for Release of Microorganisms 235
Conclusion 237
Glossary 237
References 238
Chapter 11 Use of Fate and Transport (Dispersal) Models
in Microbial Risk Assessment 240
Introduction and Scope 240
Summary of Factors Affecting Dispersal 244
Use of Models for Predicting Dispersal and Spread 245
Fate and Transport Models 252
Using Models to Integrate Risk Assessment Information 267
References 268
Chapter 12 Epidemic Models: Lessons from Plant Pathology 272 A
Introduction 272
Models of Plant Disease Epidemics 276
Techniques and Data Requirements for Modeling Epidemics 283
Utility of Epidemic Models 287
Conclusion 293
References 294
Chapter 13 Lessons from Chemical Risk Assessment 297 O
Introduction 297
Frameworks for Risk Assessment 298
A Detailed Look at the Chemical Risk Assessment Framework 307
Summary and Conclusions 316
References 317
Chapter 14 Using Expert Panels to Assess Risks of Environmental
Biotechnology Applications: A Case Study of the 1986 Frostban®
Risk Assessments 319
Introduction 319
U S Environmental Protection Agency Risk Analysis 320
Conclusions Regarding the USEPA s Expert Panel 331
California Department of Food and Agriculture Risk Analysis 332
Monterey County s Risk Analysis 338
Epllog 343
viii Contents
Conclusions and Recommendations 344
References 351
Chapter 15 Applications of Knowledge Systems for Biotechnology
Risk Assessment and Management 354
Introduction 354
Limitations of Quantitative Risk Assessment 355
Qualitative Methods in Risk Assessment and Management 356
Knowledge System Technology 357
Illustration of Knowledge-Based Biotechnology Risk Assessment 358
Suggested Biotechnology Risk Assessment Applications 360
Applications to Biotechnology Safety Assurance 362
Example of a System for Safety Assurance 363
Conclusion 366
References 366
Chapter 16 Describing Risk 368
Understanding Harm 369
Understanding Probability 371
The Importance of Neutrality 374
References 376
Chapter 17 Biotechnology and Biosafety: Perspective of an
International Donor Agency 378
Introduction 378
Biosafety and the Developing World: Points to Consider 379
Range of Safety Parameters 381
Institutional Biosafety Committees _ 383
Biosafety and the Institutional Agricultural Research Centers 384
Biosafety Initiatives within AID 385
Other International Initiatives in Biotechnology 388
Recombinant Vaccine Development: A Case Example 389
Transgenic Potatoes: Where to Go from Here? 392
Appendix 393
References 393
Index • 395
|
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| language | English |
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| physical | XI, 403 S. |
| publishDate | 1991 |
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| series2 | McGraw-Hill environmental biotechnology series |
| spelling | Risk assessment in genetic engineering Morris A. Levin [ed.] ... New York u.a. McGraw-Hill 1991 XI, 403 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier McGraw-Hill environmental biotechnology series Génie génétique - Évaluation du risque Génie génétique - Évaluation du risque ram Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering Risk assessment Risk Transgenic organisms Risk assessment Risikoanalyse (DE-588)4137042-9 gnd rswk-swf Gentechnologie (DE-588)4071722-7 gnd rswk-swf Risiko (DE-588)4050129-2 gnd rswk-swf Gentechnologie (DE-588)4071722-7 s Risikoanalyse (DE-588)4137042-9 s DE-604 Risiko (DE-588)4050129-2 s Levin, Morris A. Sonstige oth HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=002720436&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Risk assessment in genetic engineering Génie génétique - Évaluation du risque Génie génétique - Évaluation du risque ram Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering Risk assessment Risk Transgenic organisms Risk assessment Risikoanalyse (DE-588)4137042-9 gnd Gentechnologie (DE-588)4071722-7 gnd Risiko (DE-588)4050129-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4137042-9 (DE-588)4071722-7 (DE-588)4050129-2 |
| title | Risk assessment in genetic engineering |
| title_auth | Risk assessment in genetic engineering |
| title_exact_search | Risk assessment in genetic engineering |
| title_full | Risk assessment in genetic engineering Morris A. Levin [ed.] ... |
| title_fullStr | Risk assessment in genetic engineering Morris A. Levin [ed.] ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Risk assessment in genetic engineering Morris A. Levin [ed.] ... |
| title_short | Risk assessment in genetic engineering |
| title_sort | risk assessment in genetic engineering |
| topic | Génie génétique - Évaluation du risque Génie génétique - Évaluation du risque ram Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering Risk assessment Risk Transgenic organisms Risk assessment Risikoanalyse (DE-588)4137042-9 gnd Gentechnologie (DE-588)4071722-7 gnd Risiko (DE-588)4050129-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Génie génétique - Évaluation du risque Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering Risk assessment Risk Transgenic organisms Risk assessment Risikoanalyse Gentechnologie Risiko |
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