An historical syntax of the English language: 1 Syntactical units with one verb
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| Language: | English |
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Leiden
Brill
1970
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| Edition: | 2. impr. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | LXX, 657 S. |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Visser, F. Th. |d 1886-1976 |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)123973023 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a An historical syntax of the English language |n 1 |p Syntactical units with one verb |c by F. Th. Visser |
| 250 | |a 2. impr. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Leiden |b Brill |c 1970 | |
| 300 | |a LXX, 657 S. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 7 | |a Engelska språket - Historisk syntax |2 KBslagord | |
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| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m HBZ Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=002370786&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-002370786 | ||
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| adam_text | Titel: Bd. 1. An historical syntax of the English language. Syntactical units with one verb
Autor: Visser, Fredericus Theodorus
Jahr: 1970
CONTENTS Preface................................. v Bibliography..............................xxiii I SYNTACTICAL UNITS WITH ONE VERB CHAPTER ONE VERB AND SUBJECT NO SUBJECT In statements of weather, etc. §3...................... 4 Type ‘sigon to slsepe’ §4.......................... 4 Type‘Art deaf ?’§ 5............................ 5 In coordinated sentences §6......................... 5 In ‘clipped’ sentences §7.......................... 6 In type ‘‘Would!” §8........................... 7 After exclamations; type “Poor jade, A is dead!” §9............. 7 In type ‘says in the book’ § 10....................... 7 In as- and than- clauses §11........................ 8 In invocations; type “A bless you!” § 12................... 8 In Old English legal provisions § 13............,......... 9 In exhortations 1st person plural; type “Sing our songs!” §14......... 9 In stage directions; type‘A sits down’ §15..................10 In statements beginning
with as for or as to § 16...............10 Before being § 17.............................10 In apo koinou constructions §18......................11 Idem in Pres. D. English § 19.......................13 In type ‘No village but A has a church’ § 20.................14 Apo koinou construction in dialects § 21...................14 Type ‘He came Monday A was a week’ § 22.................15 In commands 2nd. pers. sing. plural §§ 23-25................15 In ‘commands of the type ‘do so and you will succeed’ § 26..........18 Type ‘A is pity that he went’ § 27......................19 In ‘maybe’ ‘mayhap(pen)’ § 28......................20 Type ‘hine/him hungreth’ § 29.......................20 Idem + genitive complement § 30....................23 Idem + noun in accusative § 31.....................24 Idem 4- ¿¿«¿-clause § 32.........................25 Idem + infinitive § 33..........................26 Obsolescence of the ‘him/hine hungreth’ construction
§§ 34-38..........29 ‘The dress became her’/‘She became her dress’ § 39..............3 1 ‘Me is liefer’, ‘I had liefer’, ‘I am liefer’, etc. § 40...............32
X CONTENTS ‘Me were better’, ‘I were better’, ‘me had better’, etc. § 41...........33 ‘Me is best’, ‘I had best’, etc. § 42......................34 Transition ‘me thinketh’ I think’ § 43..................35 IT AS SUBJECT A. Without reference to any agent In statements referring to the weather, etc. § 44...............36 In statements of time, season, etc. § 45...................37 In statements of space, distance, etc. § 46..................38 In statements of welfare, condition, etc. § 47.................38 In statements of affection § 48.......................39 In a few isolated cases § 49.........................39 Type ‘It says (in the book)’ § 50......................39 B. Referring hack Referring to a noun § 56, § 51.......................40 Referring to matter expressed in preceding statement § 52...........40 Type ‘(Who is it ?)—It is my father’ § 53..................40 Type ‘Ic it eom’ § 54...........................41
Type ‘As it were’ § 55...........................42 It ‘instead of’ non-locative there § 56....................42 C. Referring forward Type ‘It listeth me to go’ § 57.......................43 Type ‘It behoveth to go’ § 58.......................45 Type ‘It is good (us) to be here’ § 59-60...................46 Type ‘It is asked (me) + clause § 61....................48 Type ‘It is welig, f is ealond’ § 62......................48 Type‘It is father who did it’ §63......................49 Idem in Irish English § 64........................50 MAN AS SUBJECT Type ‘Man brohte {5a his heafod on anum disce’ § 65.............51 NON-LOCATIVE THERE Type‘There is a castle there’ §66......................52 SUBJECT REPEATED Type ‘He, Alexander, cwseS’ § 67......................53 Type ‘He cwaeS, Alexander’ § 68......................54 Type ‘He was rich, was Dick’ § 69.....................55 Type ‘He was rich, Dick was’ § 70.....................55
Type‘Thy brother where is he now ?’ §71..................55 Type ‘I like it, I’ § 72...........................56 Type‘My father he said’ §73........................56
CONTENTS Xl Type ‘That she loves him, it is apt and of great merit’ § 73a..........57 Type ‘To sue for grace, that were low indeed’ § 73b..............58 Type ‘He pis is mare fian j)eof’ § 74.....................58 Type ‘Our Lord that in hevene ne erthe he ne hath non pere’ § 75.......58 THE ANACOLUTHIC SUBJECT Type ‘He the chieftain his sword hangs on the wall’ § 76.............60 CONCORD BETWEEN SUBJECT AND PREDICATE A. Concord in Number Collective nouns denoting persons § 77.................... 62 Collective nouns not denoting persons § 78..................68 Shifting in number (a) from singular to plural § 79..............69 (b) from plural to singular § 80..............70 Plural predicate through attraction § 81 .... ...............70 Subject plural—predicate singular § 82...................71 Idem in Shakespeare and Spenser § 83...................72 Singular predicate followed by plural subject § 84...............73 Indefinite pronouns as subject
§ 85-93....................74 None with singular and with plural predicate § 86..............75 Nobody, idem § 87...........................76 Neither, idem § 88..................... 76 Everybody), idem §89..........................77 Each, idem § 90.............................78 Either, idem § 91............................7® Fela and unrim, idem § 92........................78 Many and many a one, idem § 93.....................79 Two subjects connected by and § 94..........................80 connected by with § 95§.........................81 connected by as well as § 96.......................82 connected by no §§97-8.........................83 connected by or § 99..........................83 connected by nor § 100.........................84 connected by neither . . nor § 101.....................84 connected by nor . . nor § 102......................85 connected by not § 103.........................85 Concord of copula connecting nouns of different number § 104.........85
First noun plural, copula plural § 105...................86 First noun singular, copula singular § 106.................86 Type ‘he is friends with me’ § 107.................... 86 First noun plural, copula singular § 108..................87 First noun singular, copula plural § 109..................87 Concord in number after para pe §110....................88
xii CONTENTS B. Concord in Person Two co-ordinated subjects of different person § xii..............89 connected by and and with §112.....................89 connected by nor . . nor, neither nor, etc. § 113...............90 Concord after relative pronous §114..................... 9 ° Types T, who have/has’; ‘thou, who hast/has’ §114.............90 a) Non-agreement with personal pronoun §§115-6.............• 91 b) Agreement with personal pronoun §§117-8...............91 Type ‘It is you that are/is good’ §119................... 9 2 a) Agreement with thou, you and I § 120.................93 b) Non-agreement with thou, you and I § 121...............93 Type ‘Art thou he [the man] that hast/has done this ?’ § 122.........93 a) Agreement with the subject pronoun § 123...............93 b) Non-agreement with the subject pronoun § 124.............94 Concord after Your Lordship, Your Highness, etc. § 125............94 Concord after myself, thyself, etc., used as subject
§ 126............95 a) Verb in the first or second person § 127................. 95 b) Verb in the third person § 128..................... 95 CHAPTER TWO VERB WITHOUT COMPLEMENT The various types § 129..........................97 Old English intransitive verbs § 130.....................98 Old English ‘amphibious’ or double-functioned verbs § 131...........98 Intransitive verbs in Pres. D. English § 132.................99 The ‘transitive’ use of verbs usually called ‘intransitive’ § 133.........100 The process of transitivation and its causes § 134...............127 Disappearance of prefix ge- of transitive verbs §134............. 127 Verbs with dative becoming verbs with zero complement §§ 135-6.......127 Similarly with verbs of French origin §137................129 Coalesscence of verbs of type sincanjsencan § 138..............131 . Twofold interpretation of past participle §§ 139-41.............131 Verbs like smile and titter + direct object § 142...............133
Verbs like boast, care and marvel -f direct object § 143............133 Obsolescence of verbs with the prefix be- § 144...............134 French influence on transitivation § 144a................. 135 Quasi-transitive verbs (e.g. to amble, to hop) § 145...............135 These verbs in passive construction § 146................-. 137 Type ‘A land that floweth milk’ § 147...................137 The types ‘to have a chat’, ‘to take a walk’ § 148...............138 in Old English § 149..........................138 in Middle English § 150.........................139 in Modern English § 151.........................140 Absolute use of verbs requiring a complement in the dative § 153.............142
CONTENTS xiii of verbs requiring a complement in the genitive § 154............142 of verbs requiring an object in the accusative or the zero case § 155......142 a) in Old English § 155........................142 b) in Middle English § 156............... 142 c) in Modem English § 157......................143 of verbs often constmed with a reciprocal object §158............144 of verbs often construed with a reflexive object § 159............145 Verbs now with, now without reflexive object § 160..............146 in Old English § 160...........................146 in Middle English § 161.........................147 in Modern English § 162 ...........................150 Verbs representing the action as quasi-automatic § 163............152 Functioning as quasi-copulas (e.g. The meat cuts tough’) § 164........154 Without adverbial modifiers (e.g. ‘This play doesn’t act’) §§ 165-6.......154 a) in Old English § 165........................154 b) in Middle English § 166.......................155
c) in Modem English § 167................ 155 With the adverbs best, better, easier, etc. § 168...............158 With will not, would not (‘The figures will not add up’) § 169.........159 Independent to be §§ 170-1.........................160 Idem + at, or + for (e.g. ‘What are you at’, T am for him’) § 171.......160 Type T have been and gone and told him’ § 171..............160 Independent weorSan § 172.........................161 Idem + adjunct of direction § 173 ....................161 Independent to be + adjunct of direction §§ 174-5...............161 Independent shall § 176..........................162 Independent may § 177..........................162 Independent shall, will, can, may, must, dare + adjunct of direction §§ 178-9 . . . 163 Verbs like purpose and intend + adjunct of direction § 180...........166 Vicarious do absolutely used §§ 181-220...................167 A) Without following so §§ 181-206....................167 After as §§ 182-4..........................167
with subject preceding (‘as John does’) § 183.............168 with subject following (‘as does John’) § 184.............168 The verb itself repeated in those cases § 185..............169 Absence of do in these cases § 186...................169 To do replacing motan § 187.....................169 To do replacing to be § 188................. 169 After than §§ 189-193........................*7° with subject preceding (‘than he did’) § 190.............170 with subject following (‘than did he ) § 191.............17° The verb itself repeated in these cases § 192..............170 Absence of do in these cases § 193................... x 7° To do replacing to have (‘He has more than does John’) § 194.......171 Type ‘Standing as it does’ § 195...................W 1 Type ‘He went to the rest that his father did’ §§ 196..........172
V siv CONTENTS Type ‘You don’t believe it—I do.’ §§§ 197-8.............. I 73 Type‘Shall I ask him?—Do!’ §198..................173 Type T love him and shall do ever!’ § 199...............*74 Type ‘He won’t come.—If he does, what then?’ § 200..........174 Types ‘He hates me, does John’/‘He hates me, John does’ § 201......174 Types‘You saw him, didn’t you?’/‘You didn’t see him, did you?’ § 202 . . 174 Type ‘Oh, he told you, did he?’ § 203.............. 175 Type ‘We asked not!—No did? § 204.................175 Appended questions introduced by or § 205..............176 Type ‘They didn’t like it.—Or did they ? § 205 (1)..........176 Type ‘They liked it.—Or did they?’ § 205 (2) 176 Type ‘They don’t like it—Or don’t they ? § 205 (3)..........176 Type You don’t like it, do you ?—Or do you ? § 205 (4)........176 Type ‘Does that dame get excited or does she ?’ § 205 (5).......176 Similar types with to
be, to have, etc. (e.g. ‘or have they ?’) § 206.....177 B) With so §§ 207-19..........................177 Character of so § 207........................177 Type ‘They say he asked you.—So he did’ §§ 208-9...........178 Type ‘They say he asked you.—He so did’ § 210............179 Type ‘They say he asked you.—‘He did so’ § 211............179 ‘So to do’ §212...........................179 ‘In so doing’ § 213.........................180 The verb itself repeated with retention of so § 214...........Y 180 Type T will entertain Bardolf.—Do so.’ § 215.............180 Type T saw him pass by.—Did you so?’ §§ 216-7............180 Type ‘All the children loved him.—So did I’ § 218...........180 Type T wish I could go.—So do not 1’. § 219..............181 C) With no more, neither, ne, nor § 220...................181 INTRANSITIVE VERB + PREDICATIVE ADJUNCT Definition of predicative adjunct § 221...................182 Predic. adjunct an
adjective (e.g. hi siSodon cuce into helle’) § 222......183 Predic. adjunct a numeral § 223.....................184 Predic. adjunct of the type ‘weary forwandred’ §§ 224-6...........184 Predic. adjunct a noun (e.g. ‘He died a martyr’) § 227............186 CHAPTER THREE VERB WITH COMPLEMENT A. DISTINCT SUBORDINATION (COPULAS) Definition of the term ‘copula’ § 228....................189 The copula to be §§ 228-31............... ........189 Its character §§ 228-230........................189 Its absence § 231...........................190 Other copulas § 232...........................191
CONTENTS XV A. Copulas of aspect §§ 232-4.....................191 1) durative or permansive (‘abide’, ‘remain’, etc.) § 233........191 2) inchoative (‘become’, ‘fall’, geweorSan’, etc.) § 234.........197 B. Copulas of modality (‘seem’, ‘pyncan’, etc.) § 235...........208 The copulas chronologically § 236.....................213 Quasi-copulas (‘play the fool’, ‘ring true’, etc.) § 237.............215 The verb to sound § 238........................219 The verb hatan {flight, hote, hete, etc.) §239................219 The complement of the copulas §§ 240-307..................219 a) Complement an adjective (‘he is rich ) §§ 241-7.............220 To be warejto beware § 242......................220 Was hailjwassell § 243.......................221 To be wane § 244..........................222 To be toweard § 244.........................222 Bahuvrihi compounds as complement (‘he was glaedmod’, etc.) § 245 . . . 222 Was like + infinitive/Ha^
like + infinitive § 246............223 T was right’/T had right’ § 247...................223 b) Complement a numeral (e.g. ‘we are six’) § 248.............224 Type ‘he was one the best knight’ § 249...............225 Type‘J)ara waes hundteontig’ §250..................226 c) Complement a noun §§ 251-260....................227 No idefinite article before noun (e.g. ‘he was king’) §§ 252-5.......227 Idem in ‘daughter to . .’, ‘enemy to . .’, etc. § 253..........227 Idem in ‘merchand he was’; ‘he was fool enough’, etc. § 254......228 Idem in ‘it is pity’, ‘it is marvel’, etc. § 255.............228 Idem in other cases §§ 256-7....................230 ‘We are thralls’/‘we are thrall’ § 258-9................234 a) Subject plural—predicate noun plural § 259...........234 b) Subject plural—predicate noun singular §259...........234 Type ‘He was a ryght good knyght of a yonge man’ § 260........235 d) Complement a pronoum
§§ 261-283...................236 Types ‘I it am’, T am he’, ‘it am I’ § 262...............237 Type ‘It is T, ‘It is thou’, ‘It is he’, etc. § 263.............238 Type ‘It is me, him, her, thee, us, them’ §§ 264-277 ..........239 Oblique form due to attraction § 265................240 Oblique form in other cases § 266.................240 Views of English and American grammarians concerning this form § 267 241 Origin of the ‘it is me’ construction §§ 268-277............244 Me as subject a survival of O.E. ‘impersonal’ constructions § 269 . . 245 Me as subject in other cases § 270................245 Oblique form due to attraction § 271...............245 Himself, herself, etc. as subjects § 272...............248 Idem in Irish English § 273..................248 Type ‘He was himself (again)’ § 274...............248 Oblique form after than and as § 275...............249 Oblique form in interjectional phrases § 276............250
XVI CONTENTS Oblique form in absolute free adjuncts §277............251 e) Complement a (pro) noun in the genitive § 278-283............251 Type ‘this book is her, our, your’ § 279................252 Type ‘this book is hers, ours, yours, theirs’, etc. § 280..........252 Type ‘the earth is the Lord’s’ § 281................. 253 Type ‘He was lifes’ (= he was alive) § 282..............254 Type‘It is ours to weep’ §283....................254 f) Complement the word so §§ 284-297...................255 Type ‘So I am’ § 286........................255 Type ‘So am I’ § 287........................256 g) Complement a verbal form in -ing (e.g. ‘Saving is having’) § 288......256 h) Complement a past participle (e.g. ‘Hit is forscruncen’) § 289.......257 i) Complement an infinitive § 290....................258 j) Complement a syntactical unit (e.g. ‘This is how we are going to do it’) § 291 259 Idem in Middle Eng. definitions of sins (e.g. ‘Wanhope
is whan . . .’) § 291 259 k) Complement a prepositional phrase (e.g. ‘He is at a loss’) §§ 293-306 .... 261 With at, beside, beyond, by, for, in, mid, of § 294............262 Type ‘They were of a height’ § 295.................264 Type ‘It was (of) a brown colour’, ‘it was (of) no use’ § 296......265 Type ‘The gates were (of) stone § 297........... 265 Type ‘The wine was of the best’ § 298...............266 Types ‘They are of good flyghyng’, ‘they are of my own building’ § 299 266 With on § 300.........................-. . 268 Constructions with aflote, alive, aslepe, aswowe, ysonder, etc. § 301 . . . 268 With out of, to, under, with and ymb §§ 302-307............269 l ) Complement an adverb (‘Nobody was by’, ‘the bridge was out’, etc.) § 307 270 The copula to be used twice (‘He is by way of being a hero’ § 308........274 Semi-independent use of the copula (e.g. ‘He is kind and ever was’) § 309.....275 Idem in appended questions
§§ 3io-3i4a..................275 Type ‘He is happy, isn’t he ?’; ‘He isn’t happy, is he ?’ § 311........275 Type ‘He is happy, is he?’ §312....................276 Type‘He is not happy.—No is?’ §313.................277 Type ‘He is happy, or isn’t he ?’; ‘He is not happy, or is he ?’ § 314.....277 Type ‘He is happy.(,) Or is he?’ § 314a ; ................277 CHAPTER FOUR VERB WITH COMPLEMENT B. NO DISTINCT SUBORDINATION (VERB + OBJECT) ONE OBJECT The different kinds of objects §§ 315-673...................280 INDIRECT OBJECT Type ‘He Gode f ancode’ §§ 316-323.....................280 Type ‘Him tweonode’ (“impersonal”) § 324.................311 Type ‘I obey, command, pardon, serve (to) him §§ 325-6............313
CONTENTS XVU Type ‘Would (to) God’ § 327........................320 Type ‘he him gewat’ §§ 328-331.......................321 in Old English § 329...........................323 in Middle English § 330.........................324 in Modern English § 331-2........................325 Type ‘Ic was him + adjective (e.g. ‘Ic waes him leof’) §§ 333-49.........327 a) the adjective expresses benevolence, kindness, etc. § 334.........328 b) the adjective expresses hostility, etc. § 335...............331 c) the adjective expresses cleverness, prudence, etc. § 336..........332 d) the adjective expresses grief, pain, etc. § 337..... 332 e) the adjective expresses obedience, etc. §338...............333 f) the adjective expresses nearness, etc. § 339...............334 g) the adjective expresses easiness, difficulty § 340.............335 h) the adjective expresses necessity, etc. § 341...............335 i) the adjective expresses custom, tendency § 342.............336 k) the
adjective expresses notoriety, etc. § 343...............336 l) the adjective expresses lack, want, etc. § 344..............337 m) the adjective expresses (dis)similarity, etc. § 345.............337 n) the adjective expresses (un)faithfulness, etc. § 346............338 o) the adjective expresses other notions § 347...............338 Idem with other verbs than beon (e.g. ‘ic wearS him wraS’) § 348.......339 Type ‘he was mara eallum gesceaftum’ (with adjective in comparative) § 349 . . . 340 Type ‘He was me + noun (e.g. ‘He was me freond’) §§ 350-66........ . 340 a) The noun denotes a person (‘He was me freond’) § 351-3.........340 Idem with to (‘He was to me friend’) § 354...............342 b) The noun does not denote a person (e.g. ‘He waes me scyld’) §§ 355-6 .... 342 c) Idem with preposition (e.g. ‘Ic was (wearj)) him to bana’) § 357......344 d) Idem with other copulas than beon, weorpan (‘Ic com him on fultum’) § 358 . 346 e) Type ‘Hym
waes Deor nama’ § 359...................346 f) Type ‘Him waes egesa’ §§ 360-62....................347 g) Types Feower daelas beoj) Sam bisceope’, ‘A sone was not to him § 363 . . 348 h) Type ‘Gode sie lof ’ § 364....................... 349 i) Type ‘Him waes naht ]?ar of’ § 365...................350 k) Type ‘Hwaet is him?’, ‘Swa is him’. § 366................350 Type ‘Us is to donne hit’ §§ 367-69.....................351 CAUSATIVE OBJECT Character of causative object as sole object (‘he weorces gefeah’) §370. ..... 355 Causative object not always formally recognizable § 371............356 Causative object after verb-form in -ende § 372................357 Disappearance of causative object after O.E. period §§ 373-4..........358 Verbs of O.E. origin with o/-phrase as complement in Mi. and Mod. English, § 375 359 Verbs of French origin with idem § 376...................360 Causative objects in two versions of the O.E. Psalter § 377...........362 List of quotations with verbs -+- causative object §§ 378-391..........366 I. Verbs of rejoicing, regretting, wondering, etc. § 378..........366 Visser, An Historical English Syntax b
Xviil CONTENTS II. Verbs of expecting, seeking, longing, etc. § 379............368 III. Verbs of caring, heeding, considering, neglecting, etc. § 380.......373 IV. Verbs of granting, refusing, depriving, etc. § 381........... 377 V. Verbs of helping § 382....................... 37 $ VI. Verbs of getting, begetting, gaining, buying, losing, etc. § 383.....378 VII. Verbs of eating, drinking, tasting, enjoying, using, receiving, etc. § 384 . 380 VIII. Verbs of touching § 385......................382 IX. Verbs of trying, testing, probing, etc. § 386..............382 X. Verbs of ruling, controlling, reproving, guiding, directing, etc. § 387 . . . 383 XI. Verbs of having possessing § 388.................383 XII. Verbs of knowing, understanding, believing, doubting, etc. § 389 .... 384 XIII. Verbs of abstaining from speaking (e.g. swigian) § 390.........385 XIV. Other verbs § 391.........................385 Indeterminate cases § 392.........................385 PREPOSITIONAL OBJECT
Character of prepositional object as sole object § 393.............387 Type ‘he laughed at me’ §§ 394-400.....................389 Place of the preposition §§ 401-15....................394 a) in Old English §§401-5....................... 394 type ‘Hy wynsomedon on God’ § 401.................394 type ‘He me on locade’ § 402....................396 type ‘Drihten j)e hi on gelyfdon’ § 403............... . 397 type ‘Seo burg waes fager on to locianne’ § 404.............397 type ‘Hie jxserymbe jxencajy § 405..................396 b) in Middle and Modern English §§ 406-15...............398 type ‘He laughed at me’ § 406....................398 type ‘He me on lokede’ § 407....................399 type ‘This jxay marvailed on’ § 408..................399 type ‘The Lord that ic on believe’ § 409...............399 type ‘The Lord that ic believe on’ § 410..... 400 type ‘A daughter in whom I delite’/ whom I delite in’ §411.......400 Remarks
on final position of prepos. in attributive clauses § 412.......402 Type ‘The things I care for’ (without rel. pronoun) § 412a...........404 Types ‘A dragon grisly on to seon’; ‘nothing to speak of’ § 413.........405 Types‘To whom should he appeal P’/ Whom sh.he appeal to ?’ §414.......405 Type‘Whereat do you marveil ?’ §4x5 ...................406 The preposition used twice § 416......................407 Preposit. object after such groups as ‘break in upon’, Took out for’ § 417.....407 DIRECT OBJECT The direct object as sole object §§ 4x8-666..................410 In ‘impersonal’ constructions (‘Hine hungrede’) § 420............412 Objects of result §421.........................412 Cognate objects §§422-24........................413 Instrumental objects §425.......................418
CONTENTS XIX Reflexive objects §§ 426-78.......................4 20 in Old English §§ 429-38 .........................422 in Middle Engüsh §§ 439-54.......................4 2 5 in Modern English §§ 455-78 .......................433 Reciprocal objects §§479-91......................439 Type ‘We cyston us’ §§ 479-80......................439 Type ‘Hie fordydon hie seife’ § 481....................440 Type ‘Ge lufiaS eow togeSere’ § 482....................440 Type ‘Ge lufiaS eow betwixan’ § 483....................441 Type ‘pay loved samen (together, between, mutually)’ §§ 484-5........442 Type ‘They love one another (either other, etc.)’ §486-91..........443 It as direct object §§ 492-500........................449 Formal it in ‘hit macian’, ‘to hop it’, ‘to lord it’, ‘to rough it’, etc. §§ 492-500. . 449 a) in Old English § 494...... 449 b) in Middle English §495. 45° c) in Modern English §§ 496-9.....................451 Idem
in ‘to be hard put to it’, ‘to be in for it’, etc. § 500..........457 Heralding objects §§ 501-26.........................459 a) J cet, that § 502............................459 b) pees § 503..............................460 c) this § 504................... 461 d) hit, it §§ 505-26 in type ‘she told it that she was guilty’ §§ 505-10............461 in type ‘he lays it down that . . .’ § 511.................466 in type T like it better if . . .’ § 512..................466 in type ‘he brought it to pass that . . .’ § 513..............467 in type T heard it said that . . .’ § 514.................467 in type ‘He broke it to me that . . .’ § 515................468 in type T will see (to it) that . . .’ §§ 516-20...............468 in type ‘he imposed it on me to go there’ § 521.............471 in type ‘he could not find (it) in his heart to . . .’ § 522..........472 in type T consider it expedient (, my duty) to . . .’ § 523-5........475
in type T took it for granted that . . .’ § 526...............482 So, as quasi object §§ 527-31........................483 a) So following the verb (T believe so’) § 528...............484 b) So before the verb (‘So I heard’) § 529.................486 c) So absent § 530...........................486 d) So + will, would, may, might, can, must, etc. § 531............ 487 Relative pronouns used as objects §§ 532-47..................488 Type ‘bi him pat Judas sold and died upon pe rode’ § 533..........488 Type ‘. . .which when John saw he began to laugh’ §§ 534-5.........488 Type ‘. . . which when John saw began to bark’ § 536............490 Type ‘. . . which John seeing began to laugh’ § 537.............491 Type . . . which when John saw he liked’ § 538...............49 1 Type . . . which John seeing liked’ § 539..................49 1 Type ‘that death which thou shalt wish thou haddest dyed’ § 540.......492
XX CONTENTS Type . . which I stood with Shelley at the picture to admire’ § 541-5.....492 Type . which many go to their graves without acquiring’ § 546.......494 Type ‘Young Ferdinand who(m) they suppose is drowned’ § 547.......495 Shall, can, may, will, owe + direct object §§ 548-72............... 497 Shall (should) + object § 549 . . . .................... 497 Type ‘Hwaet sceoldon us ure almessan ?’ § 550..............498 Can (could) + object § 551........................ 49 $ Can skill §§ 552-4.......................... 5 00 Can thanks § 555........................... 5 01 Can (mau)gree, grame, laudes § 556................... 5 01 May (might) + object § 557 . . ...................... 5 01 Will (would) + object § 558-60......................5 2 Non-modal would § 561........................ 5°3 Modal would § 562.......................... 5°4 Owe (ought) + object §§ 563-71...................... 5°4 Owe (owed, ought) (= to possess) §§ 563-6................504
Owe (owed, ought) (= to have to pay) §§ 567-72.............. 5°6 Semi-independent shall, will, can, etc. + object § 573............ 5°8 To do as full verb + object §§ 574-8.................... 5°9 To do -f- reflexive object (= to go) § 579............. 5 11 To do as vicarious verb + object §§ 580-96................. 5 11 Vicarious to do + direct object §§ 581-6................. 5 11 Vicarious to do + indirect object §§ 587-92............... . 514 Vicarious to do + causative object § 593..................515 Vicarious to do + prepositional object §§ 594-6.............. 5*6 To be sure -f- object § 597........................ 5 J 7 The Object Used Twice §§ 598-611......................518 Type ‘The mete pat he fände, He dalte it’ §§ 598-603............518 in Old English §599.......................... 5*9 in Middle English § 600........................519 in Modem English § 601........................520 Similarly with indirect and prepositional objects § 603............520
Type ‘Se mann pe ic hine seah’ (= ‘the man whom I saw’) §§ 604-7...... 5 21 in Old English § 605..........................522 in Middle English § 606........................522 in Modern English § 607........................522 Similarly with indirect and prepositional objects § 608............523 Type ‘She slew him Holofemus’ § 609...................523 Type ‘He yaf him a juel To the leche’ § 610................524 Type T defye him, loute!’ § 611......................524 Absence of the Object §§ 612-44....................... 5 2 5 Type ‘He tok bred and brak’ §§ 612-4................... 5 2 5 In ‘You shall abye!’ § 615........................528 In the type ‘God forbid’ § 616......................529 In the types T can’t say’, T don’t know’ § 617...............529 In units beginning with as for (‘As for my name they do not know’) § 618 . . . 531
CONTENTS XXI In the type . . . which when John saw, began to bark’ § 619.........532 In the type ‘The narrative loses nothing in the telling’ § 620.........532 In the type ‘A book worth the reading’ § 621................533 In such phrases as ‘without her witting’ § 622...............533 In the.type‘I took the sword to the outler’s to grind’ §623.........533 Absence of causative object § 624......................534 Absence of indirect object § 625.......................535 Absence of prepositional object § 626....................535 Absence of the relative object-pronoun §§ 627-44 ...............536 Type ‘the man I saw’ §§ 627-31......................536 in Old English (after se, pees, pam, pa and after nouns) § 627........536 in Middle English § 628........................537 in early Modem English § 629 . . . . .................538 in the 18th and 19th centuries § 630...................540 in the 20th century § 631.......................541 Type
‘the man we laughed at’ §§ 632-4..................541 in Old and Middle English § 632....................541 in Modem English § 633........................ 542 Type ‘the day I saw her first’, ‘to die upon the bed my father died’ §§ 634-8 543 Clause beginning with that = ‘that which’, ‘what’ § 639...........546 Idem with preposition before that § 640.................547 Idem with preposition after the last verb § 641..............548 Origin of this that § 642........................ 548 Clauses beginning with pcet pe, pcette §§ 643-4...............549 Direct Object + Objective Complement § 645..................550 a) with adjective (type ‘they flayed him alive’) § 645............550 b) with noun (type ‘they sent him ambassador to Spain’) § 645........550 Direct Object + Predicative Adjunct §§ 646-75................. 552 Type ‘I believe him the murderer’ §§ 647-58................ 553 a) with verbs of perception and knowing § 647..............553
b) with verbs of considering and judging § 648..............556 c) with the verb to have (‘He has a son an heir’) §§ 649-51.........562 d) with verbs of bidding, wishing, wanting, etc. § 652...........564 e) with verbs of naming, calling, etc. § 653...............565 f) with verbs of declaring, confessing, granting, etc. § 654.........569 g) with verbs of showing, betraying, dissembling, etc. § 655........574 h) with verbs of keeping, holding, leaving, etc. § 656...........575 i) with verbs of making, breeding, turning, etc. § 657....... 577 k) with verbs of anointing, consecrating, electing, etc. § 658........580 Type ‘he slept himself sober’ (with resultative adjunct) § 659.........582 The predicative adjunct preceded by as, for, as for, to §§ 660-6........586 Type ‘Hy wurSedon him for godas J)a sunnan and Sone monan’ § 666 .....595 Type ‘Thai setten the toune afire § 667..................596 Types ‘He took off his hat’/‘He took his hat off’ §§ 668-75.......... 597
XXII CONTENTS TWO OBJECTS a) Indirect Object + Causative Object Type ‘Ic bancige Gode Sses friSes* §§676-7.................606 b) Direct Object -f~ Causative Object Type ‘Ic hine rices benam §§ 678-80...................6ir c) Direct Object 4- Ablative Object Type ‘Su bine feaxe becurfe’ §§ 680-r...................618 d) Indirect Object 4- Direct Object Type ‘He sealde bis sweord Sam cyninge §§682-97. ............621 Type ‘He shewed to J e kyng bis sweven’ (with to) §§ 687-8.........624 With indirect object of advantage §§ 689-4...............626 With indirect object of interest § 695..... 630 Type ‘Man him acearf heafod §§ 696-7..................632 e) Direct Object 4- Direct Object Type ‘He hine an bigspell ahsode’ § 698.................. 635 f) Indirect Object 4- Prepositional Object Type ‘He scyldeS mannum wiS SeodscaSan § 700.............637 g) Direct Object 4- Prepositional Object Type He bereafedon hine of his life’ §§ 701-2...............637 Type ‘I lost sight of them , they cried shame on us § 703........ . 641 Type ‘He patted the boy on the shoulder §§ 706-7.............643 h) Two Prepositional Objects Type I differ with yon about this possibility’ § 708 ............646 Place of the Preposition (in the constructions in §§ 701-2, 708) § jog .......647 Index ..................................649
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Visser, F. Th. 1886-1976 |
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| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV003727738 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)186405545 (DE-599)BVBBV003727738 |
| edition | 2. impr. |
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| id | DE-604.BV003727738 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T16:04:25Z |
| institution | BVB |
| language | English |
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| publishDate | 1970 |
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| spelling | Visser, F. Th. 1886-1976 Verfasser (DE-588)123973023 aut An historical syntax of the English language 1 Syntactical units with one verb by F. Th. Visser 2. impr. Leiden Brill 1970 LXX, 657 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Engelska språket - Historisk syntax KBslagord (DE-604)BV000915460 1 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=002370786&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Visser, F. Th. 1886-1976 An historical syntax of the English language Engelska språket - Historisk syntax KBslagord |
| title | An historical syntax of the English language |
| title_auth | An historical syntax of the English language |
| title_exact_search | An historical syntax of the English language |
| title_full | An historical syntax of the English language 1 Syntactical units with one verb by F. Th. Visser |
| title_fullStr | An historical syntax of the English language 1 Syntactical units with one verb by F. Th. Visser |
| title_full_unstemmed | An historical syntax of the English language 1 Syntactical units with one verb by F. Th. Visser |
| title_short | An historical syntax of the English language |
| title_sort | an historical syntax of the english language syntactical units with one verb |
| topic | Engelska språket - Historisk syntax KBslagord |
| topic_facet | Engelska språket - Historisk syntax |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=002370786&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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