Statistics for business:
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
London
Pitman
1984
|
| Edition: | 1. publ. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | X, 308 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0273019759 |
Staff View
MARC
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Contents
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xii
1 What is statistics? 1
1.1 Definitions of statistics 1
1.2 Descriptive and analytical statistics 2
1.3 The range of problems requiring statistical treatment 3
1.4 The stages of a statistical inquiry 4
1.5 Statistics for business use 7
1.6 Statistics—a science and an art 8
Summary 9
Exercises 9
2 The collection of routine data 10
2.1 Facts—the decisionmakers 10
2.2 Types of statistics 11
2.3 Routine statistics and management by exceptions 12
2.4 An example of routine data collection 17
2.5 Computer collection and storage of data 19
Summary 22
Exercises 22
3 Methods of inquiry—censuses and sampling 24
3.1 The collection of data 24
3.2 The design of questionnaires and schedules 28
3.3 Taking a census 34
3.4 Samples 35
3.5 Types of sample 37
Summary 42
Exercises 43
vi Statistics for Business
4 Classification and tabulation of data 46
4.1 Raw data 46
4.2 Classification 46
4.3 Arrays and frequency distributions 49
4.4 Cumulative frequencies 51
4.5 The essentials of tabulation 52
4.6 Some examples of tabulation 53
Exercises on simple tabulation and rounding 57
4.7 Frequency distributions 58
Exercises on arrays and frequency distributions 60
Summary 62
5 Approximations and errors 63
5.1 Statistical accuracy 63
5.2 Approximations 64
5.3 Bias 64
5.4 Absolute and relative errors 65
5.5 Calculations with rounded figures 67
Summary 70
Exercises 71
6 The pictorial representation of data, 1: charts and
diagrams 73
6.1 Graphical communication 73
6.2 Pictograms 73
Exercises on pictograms 75
63 Bar charts 77
Exercises on bar charts 85
6.4 Pie charts 86
6.5 Gantt charts 86
Exercises on pie charts and Gantt charts 90
6.6 Histograms 91
Exercises on histograms 95
7 The pictorial representation of data, 2: graphs 97
7.1 The nature of graphs 97
7.2 Simple graphs 97
7.3 Z charts 102
Exercises on simple graphs 102
7.4 Straight line graphs 106
7.5 Graphs of simple functions 107
Contents vii
7.6 Break even charts 108
7.7 Lorenz curves 111
Exercises on graphs 114
8 Measures of central tendency 116
8.1 Averages in statistics 116
8.2 The arithmetic mean 116
Exercises on the arithmetic mean 121
8.3 The geometric mean 123
8.4 The median 124
8.5 Features of the median 128
Exercises on the median 129
8.6 The mode 132
Exercises on the mode 135
Summary 137
9 Measures of dispersion and skewness 138
9.1 The concepts of dispersion and skewness 138
9.2 Symmetrical frequency distributions 139
9.3 Skewed frequency distributions 142
9.4 The measures of dispersion and skewness 144
9.5 Measures of dispersion, 1: the range 145
9.6 Measures of dispersion, 2: the quartile deviation or semi interquartile
range 145
Exercises on the range and the quartile deviation 148
9.7 Measures of dispersion, 3: the mean deviation 150
9.8 Measures of dispersion, 4: the standard deviation 153
9.9 A comparison of the measures of dispersion 157
9.10 The coefficient of variation 158
Exercises on mean deviation and standard deviation 158
9.11 Measures of skewness 161
Exercises on skewness 163
Summary 164
10 Time series analysis 166
10.1 Nature of a time series 166
10.2 The trend of data 167
10.3 Seasonal variations from the trend 172
10.4 Random variations 175
10.5 De seasonalising the actual data 175
10.6 Computer analysis of time series data 179
Summary 179
Exercises on time series analysis 180
viii Statistics for Business
11 Index numbers 182
11.1 Simple index numbers 182
Exercises on simple indexes 185
11.2 Aggregate price indexes 185
Exercises on aggregate price indexes 190
11.3 Changing the base of an index 193
11.4 Chain based indexes 193
Exercises on chain based index numbers 196
11.5 Use of indexes in deflating time series 197
11.6 The Retail Price Index and the Tax and Price Index 199
11.7 Practical problems with index numbers 203
Summary 205
More exercises on index numbers 207
12 Published statistics 210
12.1 The development of official statistics 210
12.2 The Guide to Official Statistics 212
12.3 The Monthly Digest of Statistics 212
12.4 The Annual Abstract of Statistics 213
12.5 National income and expenditure—The Blue Book 213
12.6 United Kingdom balance of payments—The Fink Book 213
12.7 United Kingdom Census Report 214
12.8 Economic Trends 214
12.9 SocialTrends 215
12.10 Regional Trends 215
12.11 The Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin 215
12.12 Year Book of Labour Statistics 216
12.13 Euro statistics 216
Exercises on published statistics 216
13 Correlation and regression 217
13.1 The association of two variables 217
13.2 Scatter diagrams 218
13.3 Lines of best fit 220
13.4 More about regression lines 226
13.5 The coefficient of correlation 227
13.6 Interpretation of correlation coefficients 234
13.7 Rank correlation 235
Summary 237
Exercises on correlation and regression 238
Contents ix
14 Probability 242
14.1 The meaning of probability 242
14.2 Quantifying probability 243
14.3 Rules of addition 244
14.4 Rules of multiplication 247
Summary 249
Exercises on probability 249
15 Probability distributions 251
15.1 The nature of probability distributions 251
15.2 Binomial distributions 253
15.3 The normal distribution 257
15.4 The Poisson distribution 260
15.5 Normal approximations to the binomial distribution 262
15.6 Normal approximations to the Poisson distribution 263
Summary 263
Exercises on probability distributions 264
16 Sampling and significance testing 266
16.1 Estimating the mean of a population 266
16.2 Estimating the proportion of a population 269
16.3 Estimating the difference between two means 270
16.4 Selecting the size of the sample 271
16.5 Hypothesis testing 271
16.6 The Student t test 273
16.7 Applying the i test to estimating population statistics 277
16.8 The#2(chi squared)test 278
Summary 281
Exercises on sampling and significance testing 282
17 Quality control 284
17.1 The nature of quality control 284
17.2 Control charts 284
17.3 Confidence bounds 286
17.4 Attribute acceptance sampling 287
Summary 288
Exercises on quality control 289
x Statistics for Business
Appendix Assignments in statistics 290
Introduction 290
Assignment 1 A group assignment about rush hour traffic 291
Assignment 2 The prices of secondhand cars 291
Assignment 3 Graph ready reckoners 291
Assignment 4 Earnings of employees in inflationary times 292
Assignment 5 The price of houses 292
Assignment 6 Fuel availability 293
Assignment 7 The terms of trade 293
Assignment 8 A sales report 294
Assignment 9 Report to the employees 295
Assignment 10 Sales of accountancy books 295
Assignment 11 Heavy metal content in river water 296
Assignments The price of cars in different localities 297
Answers 298
Index 304
|
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| language | English |
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| spelling | Whitehead, Paul Verfasser aut Statistics for business Paul Whitehead ; Geoffrey Whitehead* 1. publ. London Pitman 1984 X, 308 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Statistik Commercial statistics Statistics Statistik (DE-588)4056995-0 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4151278-9 Einführung gnd-content Statistik (DE-588)4056995-0 s DE-604 Whitehead, Geoffrey Verfasser aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=002190408&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Whitehead, Paul Whitehead, Geoffrey Statistics for business Statistik Commercial statistics Statistics Statistik (DE-588)4056995-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4056995-0 (DE-588)4151278-9 |
| title | Statistics for business |
| title_auth | Statistics for business |
| title_exact_search | Statistics for business |
| title_full | Statistics for business Paul Whitehead ; Geoffrey Whitehead* |
| title_fullStr | Statistics for business Paul Whitehead ; Geoffrey Whitehead* |
| title_full_unstemmed | Statistics for business Paul Whitehead ; Geoffrey Whitehead* |
| title_short | Statistics for business |
| title_sort | statistics for business |
| topic | Statistik Commercial statistics Statistics Statistik (DE-588)4056995-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Statistik Commercial statistics Statistics Einführung |
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