Foundations of learning and memory:
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Glenview, Ill. [u.a.]
Scott, Foresman
1978
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | 447 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0673150747 |
Staff View
MARC
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| 650 | 7 | |a Leerpsychologie |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Mémoire | |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Titel: Foundations of learning and memory
Autor: Tarpy, Roger M.
Jahr: 1978
Table of Contents
I/Introduction 1
Introduction 2
Definition of Learning Examples of Simple Learning Tasks
Historical Foundations of Learning Research 7
Associationism Darwinism Gestalt Psychology
Basic Experimental Strategies in Learning Research 11
Conditioning Models Verbal Comprehension Paradigms Information
Processing Paradigms
Summary 16
2/Classical Conditioning 17
Introduction 18
Definition of Classical Conditioning
Pavlov s Experiment 18
Basic Procedure Terms CR Measurement Principles
Procedures and Control Conditions 22
Types of Classical Conditioning 23
Excitatory Conditioning Inhibitory Conditioning
Factors in Pavlovian Conditioning 28
US Intensity US Duration US Omission CS Intensity
CS-US Internal Instructions
Theories of Pavlovian Conditioning 33
Stimulus Substitution Information Theory
Pavlovian Phenomena 36
Second-Order Conditioning Sensory Preconditioning
Latent Inhibition Inhibition of Delay Autoshaping
Application of Classical Conditioning Principles 45
Psychosomatic Illness Phobias
Summary 49
3/Instrumental Conditioning 51
Introduction 52
Definition of Instrumental Conditioning
Thorndike s Experiment 52
Basic Procedure Terms Principles Covariation of Classical/Instrumental
Designs
Types of Instrumental Conditioning 56
Reward Training Omission Punishment Escape/Avoidance Learning
Nature of Reward 59
Drive/Need Reduction Physiological Theories Predictive Theories
Factors in Reward Conditioning 65
Reinforcement Magnitude Reinforcement Delay
Dn ve Level Incentive Contrast Effects—Reward Magnitude
Contrast Effects—Reward Delay
Schedules of Reinforcement 74
Fixed Interval Schedules Fixed Ratio Schedules Variable Interval
Schedules Variable Ratio Schedules Theory of Ratio and Interval
Schedules Other Schedules
Applications for Instrumental Conditioning Procedures 79
Verbal Conditioning Biofeedback Programmed Instruction Behavior
Modification
Summary 85
4/Aversive Control of Behavior 87
Introduction 88
Factors in Escape Conditioning 89
USIntensity Amount of Reinforcement Contrast Effects Delay of Reward
Factors in Avoidance Learning 92
USIntensity US Duration CSIntensity CS-USInterval
Two-Factor Theory of Avoidance 98
Two-Factor Theory Supporting Evidence Conflicting Evidence
Factors in Punishment 103
Contingency Schedules of Punishment US Intensity and Duration
Delay of Punishment Prior Punishment
Theories of Punishment 109
Competing Response Theories
Punishment and Neurosis 110
Self-Punitive Behavior Punishment of Conflict Punishment of
Consummatory Behavior Physiological Consequences of
Punishment Aggression
Summary 116
5/Extinction 117
Introduction 118
Extinction of Pavlovian CRs 118
Factors in Extinction Theory
Factors in Extinction Following Instrumental Reward Training 120
Reward Magnitude Response Effort: Delay of Reward Number of
Acquisition Trials
General Theories of Extinction 125
Inhibition Theory Interference Theory Generalization Decrement Theory
Factors in Extinction Following Intermittent Reward Training 130
Percentage of Rewarded Trials Reward Magnitude Number of Training
Trials Patterns of Reward
Theories of the Partial Reinforcement Effect 133
Frustration Theory Sequential Theory
Extinction Following Aversively Motivated Learning 139
Extinction Using US Omission Parameters of Flooding Theories of
Flooding
Summary 144
6/Generalization and Discrimination 145
Introduction to Generalization 146
Excitatory Gradients Inhibitory Gradients
Factors Affecting Generalization 149
Degree of Acquisition Motivation Level Training-Test Interval Early
Sensory Experience Prior Discrimination Training
Theories of Generalization 154
Hull s Theory Lashley-Wade Theory Mediated Generalization
Introduction to Discrimination 158
Factors Affecting Discrimination 159
Problem Difficulty Stimulus Infomnation Observational Learning
Theories of Discrimination 164
Hull-Spence Theory Attention Theory
Discrimination Phenomena 167
Overlearning Reversal Effect Intradimensional and Extradimensional
Shifts Learning Sets
Summary 174
7/Biological Perspectives in Learning 176
Introduction 177
Evolution and Learning Preparedness
Learned Taste Aversion 181
Belongingness Long-Delay Learning Acquired Taste Preference Factors
Affecting Taste Aversions Theories of Taste Aversion
Avoidance Learning 191
Species-Specific Defense Reactions
Biological Perspectives in Human Learning 195
Human Neurosis Language
Summary 199
8/Cognitive Perspectives in Learning 201
Introduction 202
Expectancy Conditioned Emotion Cognitive Space
Classical/Instrumental Interactions 206
Two-Process Theory Interaction Experiments
Compound Conditioning 213
Blocking Wagner-Rescoria Model
Expectancy Theory 217
Helplessness
Summary 222
9/Basic Verbal Learning 223
Introduction 225
The Ebbinghaus Experiment 225
Definition of Verbal Learning 227
Basic Methods for Verbal Learning Research 228
Effect of Meaningfulness on Verbal Learning 231
Association Value Frequency Sequential Dependencies Imagery Value
Serial Position Effect 236
Remote Associations Interference Theory Cognitive Landmarks
Dual Memory Theory
Effect of Amount of Practice on Verbal Learning 242
Gradual versus AU-or-None Theories
Effect of Spacing of Practice on Verbal Learning 244
Consolidation Rehearsal Encoding Variability
Transfer of Learning 247
Basic Methods Transfer Surf ace Component Analysis Encoding
Variability General Transfer
Remembering and Forgetting 254
Basic Methods Decay Theory Interference Theory Context
Theory Retrieval Theory Other Theories
Evaluation 264
Summary 265
10/Human Information Processing: General
Model 267
Introduction 268
Information Processing Framework 270
Short-Term Sensory Store 273
Brief and Exact Physical
Processing in STSS 278
Visual Scanning Selective Attention
Short-Term Memory 282
Limited Capacity Rehearsal Acoustic
Processing Information in Short-Term Memory and Long-Term
Memory 286
Long-Term Memory 289
Organization Meaning Assimilation Retrieval Failure
Levels of Processing 293
Control Processes Levels of Rehearsal Types of Rehearsal
Mnemonics 298
Loci Pegword Chunking Recitation
Summary 302
1 I/Memory for Meaning 304
Introduction 305
The Barflett Experiment 306
Psycholinguistics 308
Before Chomsky Chomsky s Theory After Chomsky
Memory Representation of Sentences 316
Memory Representation of Text Passages 320
Abstraction of Linguistic Ideas Text Analysis Inferences
Semantic Memory 330
Question Answering Network Modeb of Semantic Memory Set Models of
Semantic Memory
Summary 337
12/Memory Processes 339
Introduction 340
The Donders Experiment 340
Plans and Behavior 341
Syllogisms 343
Formal Logic Content Errors Form Errors Models for Syllogistic
Reasoning
Linear Orderings 350
Spatial Paralogic Linguistic Approach Model for Linear Orderings
Sentence-Picture Verification 357
Arithmetic Processing 362
Computer Simulation 365
Problem Space Past Experience The Process of Problem Solving GPS
Role of Models in Cognitive Psychology 372
Summary 372
13/Concept Learning 374
Introduction 375
Theories of Concept Learning 376
Continuity Theory Noncontinuity Theory
Dominance of Cues 381
Dominance Hierarchy Dominance Level Cue Salience
Stragegies 384
Models of Hypothesis Testing 386
Factors That Influence Difficulty 388
Abstraction of Visual Prototypes 391
Natural Categories 395
Serial Pattern Learning 398
Summary 400
|
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| spelling | Tarpy, Roger M. 1941- Verfasser (DE-588)109535901 aut Foundations of learning and memory Roger M. Tarpy ; Richard E. Mayer Glenview, Ill. [u.a.] Scott, Foresman 1978 447 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Apprentissage, Psychologie de l' Geheugen gtt Leerpsychologie gtt Mémoire Learning Learning, Psychology of Memory Lernpsychologie (DE-588)4074166-7 gnd rswk-swf Gedächtnis (DE-588)4019614-8 gnd rswk-swf Psychologie (DE-588)4047704-6 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4151278-9 Einführung gnd-content Gedächtnis (DE-588)4019614-8 s Psychologie (DE-588)4047704-6 s DE-604 Lernpsychologie (DE-588)4074166-7 s Mayer, Richard E. 1947- Verfasser (DE-588)109529537 aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=002062747&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Tarpy, Roger M. 1941- Mayer, Richard E. 1947- Foundations of learning and memory Apprentissage, Psychologie de l' Geheugen gtt Leerpsychologie gtt Mémoire Learning Learning, Psychology of Memory Lernpsychologie (DE-588)4074166-7 gnd Gedächtnis (DE-588)4019614-8 gnd Psychologie (DE-588)4047704-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4074166-7 (DE-588)4019614-8 (DE-588)4047704-6 (DE-588)4151278-9 |
| title | Foundations of learning and memory |
| title_auth | Foundations of learning and memory |
| title_exact_search | Foundations of learning and memory |
| title_full | Foundations of learning and memory Roger M. Tarpy ; Richard E. Mayer |
| title_fullStr | Foundations of learning and memory Roger M. Tarpy ; Richard E. Mayer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Foundations of learning and memory Roger M. Tarpy ; Richard E. Mayer |
| title_short | Foundations of learning and memory |
| title_sort | foundations of learning and memory |
| topic | Apprentissage, Psychologie de l' Geheugen gtt Leerpsychologie gtt Mémoire Learning Learning, Psychology of Memory Lernpsychologie (DE-588)4074166-7 gnd Gedächtnis (DE-588)4019614-8 gnd Psychologie (DE-588)4047704-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Apprentissage, Psychologie de l' Geheugen Leerpsychologie Mémoire Learning Learning, Psychology of Memory Lernpsychologie Gedächtnis Psychologie Einführung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=002062747&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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