Radiative processes in meteorology and climatology:
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Amsterdam
Elsevier
1976
|
| Series: | Developments in atmospheric science
5 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XVII, 318 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0444414444 |
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MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Radiative processes in meteorology and climatology |c by G. W. Paltridge and C. M. R. Platt |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Titel: Radiative processes in meteorology and climatology
Autor: Paltridge, Garth W
Jahr: 1976
Contents
Preface ......................................................................................................V
Acknowledgements........................................................................................VI
Various conversions and constants.................................XIII
List of principal symbols........................................XIV
CHAPTER 1. THE GLOBAL PICTURE............................................................1
1. Introduction............................................................................................1
2. Basic models............................................................................................5
3. Temperatures, cloud cover and solar constant................................................11
4. Time constants........................................................................................14
5. Mean meridional cross-sections....................................................................14
6. Cloud and radiation loss............................................................................18
7. Radiative cooling rates and global dynamics...............................20
8. Satellite observations and longitudinal asymmetries........................................26
9. Global dynamics as a passive variable............................................................32
CHAPTER 2. TERMINOLOGY, BASIC LAWS, AND STANDARDS......................35
1. Field quantities........................................................................................35
1.1. Monochromatic terminology............................................................38
2. Absorption, reflection and transmission........................................................38
3. Scattering................................................................................................40
4. Thermal emission......................................................................................42
5. Meteorological radiation quantities r..............................................................47
6. Standards................................................................................................49
CHAPTER 3. THE SUN................................................................................53
1. Radiant output............................................................53
2. Long-term variations..................................................................................57
3. Position terminology and formulae..............................................................60
4. Zenith angle and air mass............................................................................64
5. 24-hour totals of radiation input..................................................................66
CHAPTER 4. RADIATIVE TRANSFER..........................................................69
1. Introduction............................................................................................69
2. The transfer equation................................................................................69
2.1. The general case............................................................................71
2.2. Approximate solutions for operational models....................................73
3. Mie scatter..............................................................................................77
X CONTENTS
4. Numerical solutions..................................................................................83
4.1. Monte Carlo method..........................................83
4.2. The adding method........................................................................85
CHAPTER B. SOLAR RADIATION WITHIN THE ATMOSPHERE......................89
1. Introduction.....................................................89
2. Ozone absorption......................................................................................91
3. Water vapour absorption in clear skies..........................................................94
4. The effect of cloud....................................................................................98
4.1. Liquid water absorption..................................................................103
5. Rayleigh scatter................................................................................105
CHAPTER 6. RADIATION AT THE GROUND................................................113
1. Introduction...............................................................................113
2. Solar direct beam......................................................................................116
2:1. Rayleigh scatter.........................................119
2.2. Ozone and water vapour absorption..................................................121
2.3. The effect of atmospheric dust..........................................................122
3. Diffuse radiation in clear skies....................................................................125
4. Radiation on a tilted surface......................................................................127
5. Radiative properties of the surface..............................................................128
5.1. Surface albedo..............................................................................129
5.2. Surface emissivity..................................... . 134
6. Parameterized components of net radiation at the ground................................136
7. Radiation in the ocean..............................................................................140
CHAPTER 7. LONG-WAVE RADIATION TRANSFER IN THE CLEAR
ATMOSPHERE........................................................................143
1. Introduction............................................................................................143
2. Distribution and nature of atmospheric absorption..........................................143
3. The equation of radiative transfer................................................................147
4. The equation for vertical flux density..........................................................149
5. Transrnittance modelling............................................................................152
5.1. Absorption by a single line..............................................................152
5.2. Absorption over a band..................................154
5.3. Empirical transrnittance models and generalized absorption coefficients . 158
5.4. Direct integration transrnittance models..............................................160
5.5. Water vapour continuum................................ . 161
6. Radiative cooling models for the troposphere and lower stratosphere.............164
6.1. Multispectral, two-parameter model..................................................165
6.2. The emissivity approximation..........................................................173
6.3. Comparisons of model calculations....................................................179
6.4. Empirical relation between cooling and local temperature......................185
7. Radiative cooling in the middle atmosphere (30-100 km)................................187
CHAPTER 8. CLOUDS AND LONG-WAVE TRANSFER....................................191
1. Introduction............................................................................................191
2. Water droplet and ice crystal infrared parameters..............................................194
3. The absorption approximation....................................................................197
CONTENTS XI
4. Standard clouds....................................................................................19?
5. Emissivities of clouds................................................................................202
6. Effects of clouds on atmospheric cooling......................................................207
7. Comparison of atmospheric cooling in clear skies and in a cloudy atmosphere ... 213
CHAPTER 9. ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS......................................................215
1. Introduction............................................................................................215
2. The extinction of short-wave solar radiation..................................................216
3. Absorption of short-wave radiation..............................................................222
4. Atmospheric turbidity..............................................................................225
5. Extinction of infrared long-wave radiation....................................................226
5.1. Calculation of extinction coefficients................................................226
5.2. Examples of extinction coefficients for specific distributions..................230
5.3. Infrared cooling by atmospheric aerosols............................................233
6. The effect of an increase in atmospheric aerosols on climate..............................234
CHAPTER 10. RADIATION AND GENERAL DYNAMICS................................243
1. The mean temperature profile of the atmosphere............................................243
1.1. Introduction..................................................................................243
1.2. Radiative equilibrium and the stratosphere..........................................245
1.3. Radiative-convective equilibrium and the troposphere..........................248
2. Radiation in the troposphere......................................................................252
2.1. Radiative cooling and profile curvature..............................................252
2.2. Calculation of flux divergence of thin layers........................................254
2.3. Radiation and atmospheric inversions................................................257
3. Radiation within the boundary layer ........................................................259
3.1. Nocturnal cooling and ground fog......................................................262
4. Radiation and the meteorology of cloud........................................................265
4.1. Introduction..................................................................................265
4.2. Static energy loss, latent heat and the rate of displacement....................270
4.3. Stratocumulus..............................................................................273
4.4. Cirrus..........................................................................................275
APPENDIX................................................................................................279
1. Aerosol size distributions.......................................279
2. Particle growth with humidity....................................................................282
3. Aerosol refractive indices............................................................................287
3.1. Short-wave (solar) region................................................................287
3.2. Infrared region..............................................................................289
4. Cloud droplet size distributions..................................................................296
References..........................................................301
Index........................................................................................................315
|
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| id | DE-604.BV003229920 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T15:56:33Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0444414444 |
| language | English |
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| physical | XVII, 318 S. graph. Darst. |
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| series | Developments in atmospheric science |
| series2 | Developments in atmospheric science |
| spelling | Paltridge, Garth W. Verfasser aut Radiative processes in meteorology and climatology by G. W. Paltridge and C. M. R. Platt Amsterdam Elsevier 1976 XVII, 318 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Developments in atmospheric science 5 Atmosfeer gtt Klimatologie gtt Meteorologie gtt Rayonnement atmosphérique Straling gtt Transfert radiatif Atmospheric radiation Radiative transfer Meteorologie (DE-588)4038953-4 gnd rswk-swf Strahlung (DE-588)4057849-5 gnd rswk-swf Klimatologie (DE-588)4031178-8 gnd rswk-swf Klimatologie (DE-588)4031178-8 s Strahlung (DE-588)4057849-5 s DE-604 Meteorologie (DE-588)4038953-4 s Platt, C. M. R. Verfasser aut Developments in atmospheric science 5 (DE-604)BV001891242 5 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=002031011&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Paltridge, Garth W. Platt, C. M. R. Radiative processes in meteorology and climatology Developments in atmospheric science Atmosfeer gtt Klimatologie gtt Meteorologie gtt Rayonnement atmosphérique Straling gtt Transfert radiatif Atmospheric radiation Radiative transfer Meteorologie (DE-588)4038953-4 gnd Strahlung (DE-588)4057849-5 gnd Klimatologie (DE-588)4031178-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4038953-4 (DE-588)4057849-5 (DE-588)4031178-8 |
| title | Radiative processes in meteorology and climatology |
| title_auth | Radiative processes in meteorology and climatology |
| title_exact_search | Radiative processes in meteorology and climatology |
| title_full | Radiative processes in meteorology and climatology by G. W. Paltridge and C. M. R. Platt |
| title_fullStr | Radiative processes in meteorology and climatology by G. W. Paltridge and C. M. R. Platt |
| title_full_unstemmed | Radiative processes in meteorology and climatology by G. W. Paltridge and C. M. R. Platt |
| title_short | Radiative processes in meteorology and climatology |
| title_sort | radiative processes in meteorology and climatology |
| topic | Atmosfeer gtt Klimatologie gtt Meteorologie gtt Rayonnement atmosphérique Straling gtt Transfert radiatif Atmospheric radiation Radiative transfer Meteorologie (DE-588)4038953-4 gnd Strahlung (DE-588)4057849-5 gnd Klimatologie (DE-588)4031178-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Atmosfeer Klimatologie Meteorologie Rayonnement atmosphérique Straling Transfert radiatif Atmospheric radiation Radiative transfer Strahlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=002031011&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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