Elements of chemical reactor design and operation:
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| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Amsterdam
Netherlands Univ. Press
1963
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XVIII, 245 S. |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | ELEMENTS OF
CHEMICAL REACTOR DESIGN
AND OPERATION
by
H KRAMERS and K R WESTERTERP
Technical University, Delft, The Netherlands
NETHERLANDS UNIVERSITY PRESS - AMSTERDAM
Inventor Nr lfeG j
CONTENTS
page
List of illustrative examples xn
List of symbols xiv
Chapter I Fundamentals of chemical reactor calculations 1
1 1 Introduction 1
1 2 The material and energy balance 2
1 3 Thermodynamic data; heat of reaction and chemical 4
equilibrium
1 4 Conversion rate and chemical reaction rate 11
1 5 The degree of conversion 15
1 6 The economic balance 17
1 7 Classification of chemical reactors 19
Chapter II Isothermal reactor calculations 22
II 1 The well-mixed batch reactor 22
11 2 The continuously operated ideal tubular reactor 24
11 3 The continuously operated ideal tank reactor 28
11 4 The cascade of tank reactors 29
Calculation methods for tank reactors in cascade 31
11 5 The semicontinuous tank reactor 36
11 6 The continuous cross-flow reactor system 38
II 7 Selectivity, yield and reaction path with complex reac-
tions 42
The reaction path • 47
11 8 A comparison between the different model reactors 53
Batch versus continuous operation 53
Tubular reactor versus tank reactor 55
11 9 Some examples of the influence of reactor design and
operation on the economics of the process 56
The use of one of the reactants in excess 57
Recirculation of unconverted reactant 58
Maximum production rate and optimum load with
intermittent operation 59
IX
Chapter 111 Residence time distribution and mixing in continuous flow
reactors 62
III 1 The residence time distribution function F(r) 62
III 2 Residence time distribution in a continuous tank reactor 65
III 3 Residence time distribution in a cascade of tank reactors 68
111 4 Residence time distribution in a tubular reactor with
; longitudinal dispersion; analogy with a cascade 70
111 5 I Influence of the residence time distribution on conversion
in a continuous flow reactor 74
111 6 Conversion in mixed systems; the longitudinal dispersion
model 77
111 7 Conversion in reactors with segregated flow, and possible
approximations for intermediate systems 82
111 8 Mixing versus segregation in a tank reactor 86
111 9 Some data on the longitudinal dispersion in continuous
flow systems 91
Chapter IV The role of the heat effect in chemical reactors 98
IV 1 The energy balance and the heat of reaction 99
IV 2 The well-mixed batch reactor 101
IV 3 The continuous tank reactor with heat exchange 106
IV 4 The tubular reactor with external heat exchange 108
Maximum temperature with exothermic reactions 111
IV 5 Autothermal reactor operation 118
The tank reactor 118
An adiabatic tubular reactor with heat exchange be-
tween reactants and products 124
A multi-tube reactor with internal heat exchange be-
tween the reaction mixture and the feed 126
IV 6 Maximum permissible reaction temperatures 129
Chapter V Chemical reactions in heterogeneous systems 137
V I The role of mass transfer 137
V 2 Reaction in a liquid-liquid system with simultaneous
extraction 142
V 3 Mass transfer with homogeneous reaction 145
Concentration distribution in the reaction phase 146
Solution for (pseudo) first order reactions 148
Solution for rapid second order reactions 151
The over-all conversion rate 153
X
V 4 The influence of mass transfer on heterogeneous reactions 156
Conversion rate 158
Selectivity 165
V 5 Autothermal behaviour of exothermic gas-solid reactions 169
V 6 Mixing phenomena in fixed and fluidized bed reactors 175
Transverse mixing with flow through packed beds 175
Temperature and concentration distribution in a
catalytic tubular reactor 178
The fluidized bed reactor 182
Chapter VI The optimization of chemical reactors 185
VI 1 The object and means of optimization 185
VI 2 The choice of reactor type and feed distribution with
isothermal operation 188
Yield in tubular reactors and tank reactors 189
Optimum yield in a cascade of tank reactors 191
Cross-flow reactor systems 193
VI 3 Optimization by means of temperature 195
The optimization of exothermic equilibrium reactions 196
Temperature optimization with complex reaction
systems 206
VI 4 Some mathematical methods of optimization 209
Dynamic programming 209
The Lagrange multiplier technique 213
The method of steepest ascent 222
Appendix I Experimental reactors 224
Appendix II The dynamic behaviour of an autothermal tank reactor 229
List of references 237
Author index 243
XI
|
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T15:43:12Z |
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| language | English |
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| spelling | Kramers, H. Verfasser aut Elements of chemical reactor design and operation H. Kramers ; K. R. Westerterp* Amsterdam Netherlands Univ. Press 1963 XVIII, 245 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Chemical reactors Chemischer Reaktor (DE-588)4121085-2 gnd rswk-swf Chemischer Reaktor (DE-588)4121085-2 s DE-604 Westerterp, K. Roul Verfasser aut HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=001495126&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Kramers, H. Westerterp, K. Roul Elements of chemical reactor design and operation Chemical reactors Chemischer Reaktor (DE-588)4121085-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4121085-2 |
| title | Elements of chemical reactor design and operation |
| title_auth | Elements of chemical reactor design and operation |
| title_exact_search | Elements of chemical reactor design and operation |
| title_full | Elements of chemical reactor design and operation H. Kramers ; K. R. Westerterp* |
| title_fullStr | Elements of chemical reactor design and operation H. Kramers ; K. R. Westerterp* |
| title_full_unstemmed | Elements of chemical reactor design and operation H. Kramers ; K. R. Westerterp* |
| title_short | Elements of chemical reactor design and operation |
| title_sort | elements of chemical reactor design and operation |
| topic | Chemical reactors Chemischer Reaktor (DE-588)4121085-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Chemical reactors Chemischer Reaktor |
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