Automatic potentiometric titrations:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Oxford
Pergamon Press
1978
|
| Series: | International series in analytical chemistry
60 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | X, 219 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0080215904 |
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MARC
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804116708978327552 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Automatic potentiometric titrations
Autor: Svehla, Gyula
Jahr: 1978
CONTENTS
List of Figures ix
1. Titrimetric Analysis and Its Automation l
1.1. Introduction 1
1.2. Titrimetric analysis 3
1.3. Principles of automatic Potentiometrie titrations 7
2. Electromotive Forces of Cells and Electrode Potentials 8
2.1. The e.m.f. of cells 8
2.2. Electrode potentials 10
2.3. Derivation of the Nernst equation; thermodynamic interpretation of electrode potentials 11
2.4. Dependence of electrode potentials on ion concentrations 13
2.4.1. Metal electrodes 13
2.4.2. Simple redox systems 14
2.4.3. Combined redox and acid-base systems 15
2.4.4. Anion-sensitive metal electrodes (electrodes of the second kind ) 17
2.4.5. Metal-sensitive electrodes of the third kind 18
2.4.6. Jon-exchange membrane electrodes 21
2.4.7. Gas electrodes. The hydrogen electrode 23
2.5. Dependence of electrode potentials on temperature 25
2.6. Standard electrode potentials 26
2.7. Formal potentials 29
3. Potentiometrie Titration Curves 31
3.1. Introduction. Linear and logarithmic titration curves 31
3.2. General characteristics of Potentiometrie titration curves 33
3.3. Accuracy of Potentiometrie titrations. Sharpness index 35
3.4. Acid-base (neutralisation) titrations 38
3.4.1. Acids and bases 38
3.4.2. Acid-base equilibria in water 39
3.4.3. Autoprotolysis of water. pH scales in aqueous solutions 40
3.4.4. Strength of acids in aqueous solutions 41
3.4.5. Calculation of the hydronium ion concentration (and of pH) in aqueous solutions 44
3.4.6. Acid-base titration curves 46
3.4.6.1. Variables 46
3.4.6.2. Titration of monobasic strong acids 46
3.4.6.3. Titration of monobasic weak acids 48
3.4.6.4. Titration of polybasic weak acids 56
3.4.6.5. Titration of strong bases 60
3.4.6.6. Titration of monovalent weak bases 63
3.4.6.7. Titration of polyvalent weak bases 66
3.5. Precipitation titrations 71
3.5.1. Introduction 71
3.5.2, The solubility of precipitates 71
3.5.3. Classification of precipitation titrations 76
3.5.4. Symmetrical titrations with electrodes responding to the reactant 77
3.5.5. Symmetrical titrations with electrodes responding to the titrant 80
3.5.6. Simultaneous determinations of anionic substances, based on symmetrical titrations with
electrodes responding to the titrant 83
3.5.7. Asymmetrical titrations 85
3.6. Titrations based on complex formation 87
3.6.1. Complex formation reactions 87
3.6.2. Titrations with EDTA (complexometric titrations) 88
3.6.2.1. Complexometric titration curves 92
3.6.3. Titration of cyanide with silver (the Liebig titration) 96
3.6.4. Titrations involving mercury(II) ions 97
3.7. Redox titrations 97
3.7.1. The use of oxidation-reduction reactions in titrimetric analysis 97
3.7.2. Classification of oxidation-reduction reactions 98
3.7.3. Equilibrium constant of oxidation-reduction reactions 100
3.7.4. Oxidation-reduction titration curves 101
3.7.4.1. Oxidation-reduction potentials before and after the equivalence point 103
3.7.4.2. Equivalence-point potential of redox titrations 104
3.7.4.3. Calculation of the equivalence-point potential for inhomogeneous titrations 105
3.7.5. Sharpness index in oxidation-reduction titrations 106
4. Electrodes 109
4.1. Indicator electrodes 109
4.1.1. pH-sensitive electrodes for acid-base titrations 109
4.1.1.1. The glass electrode 110
4.1.1.2. Other pH-sensitive electrodes 115
4.1.2. Electrodes for precipitation and complexometric titrations 116
4.1.2.1. The silver electrode 116
4.1.2.2. The silver-silver halide and related indicator electrodes 118
4.1.2.3. The mercury electrode 119
4.1.2.4. Mercury~mercury(I) salt electrodes 120
4.1.2.5. The mercury-mercury(II) EDT A electrode 121
4.1.2.6. Ion-sensitive membrane electrodes 121
4.1.3. Electrodes for redox titrations 126
4.2. Reference electrodes 128
4.2.1. The saturated calomel electrode 129
4.2.2. Other mercury-mercury(I) salt reference electrodes 131
4.2.3. The silver-silver chloride reference electrode 132
5. The Measurement of Electrode Potentials 134
5.1. Introduction 134
5.2. Precision of concentration determinations through the measurement of electrode potentials 134
5.3. Accuracy of electrode potential measurements and the input impedance of pH-meters 136
5.4. Amplification with vacuum tubes and transistors 138
5.5. Gain and stability of amplifiers 142
5.6. Zero drift 144
5.7. Main types of pH-meter 145
5.7.1. pH-meters with single-ended input 145
5.7.2. pH-meters with balanced input 146
5.7.3. pH-meters with signal modulation 148
5.7.4. Zero-detector type pH-meters 150
5.7.5. Maintenance, use and care of pH-meters 152
6. Components of Automatic Titrimeters 154
6.1. Burettes 54
6.1.1. Burettes with automatic vahes 154
6.1.1.1. Mechanically operated stopcocks 154
6.1.1.2. Electromagnetic stopper valves 155
6.1.1.3. Electromagnetic pincer valves 157
6.1.2. Automatic syringe (piston, plunger) burettes 158
6.1.3. Other automatic and semi-automatic burettes 161
6.1.4. Calibration of burettes 161
6.2. Electronic switches 162
6.2.1. The transistor switch 162
6.2.2. The thyristor and thyratron switch 164
6.2.3. The Schmitt trigger 165
6.3. Chart recorders 167
6.4. Derivating circuits 169
7. Automatic Titrimeters 172
7.1. Classification 172
7.2. Curve-recording titrators 172
7.2.1. Titrators with constant rate of delivery 173
7.2.2. Titrators with end-point anticipation 175
7.2.3. Titrators with preset end-point 178
7.3. Second derivative titrators 180
7.4. Automatic titrimeters of miscellaneous design 182
7.5. Reviews on automatic titrimeters 185
8. Evaluation of Results 187
8.1. Finding the end-point on recorded titration curves 187
8.1.1. Simple graphical evaluation 188
8.1.2. Kotthoff s method 188
8.1.3. H ahn s first method 189
8.1.4. Fortuin s method 190
8.1.5. Hahn s second method 191
8.1.6. Gran s method 192
8.1.7. The method of circles (Tubbs s method) 194
8.1.8. The method of tangents 194
8.1.9. Ebel s method Í97
8.1.10. Location of the end-point by graphical differentiation 197
8.2. Calculation of the result 197
8.3. Evaluation by means of linear calibration graphs 202
9. Practical Applications of Automatic Potentiometrie Titrations 205
9.1. Acid-base titrations in aqueous solutions 205
9.2. Acid-base titrimetry in non-aqueous solutions and in molten phase 206
9.3. Precipitation titrations 207
9.4. Titrations based on complex formation 207
9.5. Redox titrations 208
References 209
Author Index 215
Subject Index
217
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Svehla, Gyula |
| author_facet | Svehla, Gyula |
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| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie |
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| id | DE-604.BV002252669 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T15:42:49Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0080215904 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-001480246 |
| oclc_num | 3089347 |
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| owner_facet | DE-91 DE-BY-TUM DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-20 DE-83 DE-188 |
| physical | X, 219 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| psigel | TUB-nveb |
| publishDate | 1978 |
| publishDateSearch | 1978 |
| publishDateSort | 1978 |
| publisher | Pergamon Press |
| record_format | marc |
| series | International series in analytical chemistry |
| series2 | International series in analytical chemistry |
| spelling | Svehla, Gyula Verfasser aut Automatic potentiometric titrations Oxford Pergamon Press 1978 X, 219 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier International series in analytical chemistry 60 Analyse électrochimique Electrochemical analysis Potentiometrie (DE-588)4131212-0 gnd rswk-swf Potentiometrie (DE-588)4131212-0 s DE-604 International series in analytical chemistry 60 (DE-604)BV001893499 60 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=001480246&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Svehla, Gyula Automatic potentiometric titrations International series in analytical chemistry Analyse électrochimique Electrochemical analysis Potentiometrie (DE-588)4131212-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4131212-0 |
| title | Automatic potentiometric titrations |
| title_auth | Automatic potentiometric titrations |
| title_exact_search | Automatic potentiometric titrations |
| title_full | Automatic potentiometric titrations |
| title_fullStr | Automatic potentiometric titrations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Automatic potentiometric titrations |
| title_short | Automatic potentiometric titrations |
| title_sort | automatic potentiometric titrations |
| topic | Analyse électrochimique Electrochemical analysis Potentiometrie (DE-588)4131212-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Analyse électrochimique Electrochemical analysis Potentiometrie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=001480246&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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