A grammar of Huallaga (Huánuco) Quechua:
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Berkeley [u.a.]
Univ. of California Press
1989
|
| Series: | University of California <Berkeley, Calif.>: University of California publications in linguistics
112 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XXV, 490 S. |
| ISBN: | 0520097327 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Weber, David J. |d 1940-2010 |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)122633083 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a A grammar of Huallaga (Huánuco) Quechua |c David John Weber |
| 264 | 1 | |a Berkeley [u.a.] |b Univ. of California Press |c 1989 | |
| 300 | |a XXV, 490 S. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a University of California <Berkeley, Calif.>: University of California publications in linguistics |v 112 | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Quechua (språk) |2 sao | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Grammatik | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Quechua language |x Dialects |z Peru |z Huánuco (Dept.) | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Quechua language |x Grammar | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Huanuco-Quechua |0 (DE-588)1025110080 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Grammatik |0 (DE-588)4021806-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Huanuco-Quechua |0 (DE-588)1025110080 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Grammatik |0 (DE-588)4021806-5 |D s |
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| 830 | 0 | |a University of California <Berkeley, Calif.>: University of California publications in linguistics |v 112 |w (DE-604)BV000008560 |9 112 | |
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804116633797525504 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | IMAGE 1
CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES XX
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS XXI
ABBREVIATIONS XXIII
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1. HUALLAGA (HUANUCO) QUECHUA 1
1.2. ABOUT THE AUTHOR AND THE DATA 3
1.3. IN WHAT SENSE THIS STUDY IS A REFERENCE GRAMMAR 3
1.4. SOME IMPORTANT WORDS ABOUT EXAMPLES 5
1.5. THE ORGANIZATION OF THIS WORK 7
2. INTRODUCTION TO THE SYNTAX 9
2.1. WORD CLASSES 9
2.2. IMPORTANCE OF SUFFIXES IN THE MORPHO-SYNTAX 9
2.2.1. PERSON AGREEMENT 10
2.2.2. CASE AND CASE MARKING 11
2.2.3. THE SCOPE OF SUFFIXES 1 1
2.3. DEFINITIONS: SENTENCE, CLAUSE, PREDICATE 13
2.4. WORD ORDER 15
2.4.1. WORD ORDER: SUBJECT AND OBJECT IN SUBORDINATE CLAUSES 17 2.4.2.
WORD ORDER: MODIFIER HEAD 17
2.4.3. WORD ORDER: THE AUXILIARY VERB KA- BE 18
2.4.4. WORD ORDER: SUBORDINATION 18
2.5. NEGATION 18
2.6. QUESTIONS 19
2.7. CONJUNCTION 20
2.8. QUOTATIONS 20
3. VERBAL ELEMENTS 23
3.1. VERB CLASSES AND PROPERTIES 23
3.1.1. SUBCLASSES OF VERBS 23
3.1.1.1. TRANSITIVITY 23
3.1.1.2. AUXILIARY VERBS 24
3.1.1.3. SUBJECT COMPLEMENT VERBS 25
3.1.1.4. INTERROGATIVE VERBS 25
3.1.1.5. OBJECT COMPLEMENT VERBS 25
3.1.1.6. PURPOSE COMPLEMENT VERBS 26
3.1.2. ON PROPERTIES OF VERBS 27
3.1.2.1. ON THE FEATURE [+MOTION] 27
3.1.2.2. UNDERGOING MORPHO-PHONEMIC LOWERING 28
3.1.2.3. FINAL LONG VOWEL 29
3.2. VERBS DERIVED FROM SUBSTANTIVES 30
3.2.1. -YA:, -PA:, AND -TA: BECOME 30
3.2.2. (-KA)KU PUT ONTO 32
IMAGE 2
VI A GRAMMAR OF HUALLAGA QUECHUA
3.2.3. -PAKU VERBALIZER 32
3.2.4. -C/MIWY VERBALIZER 32
3.2.5. -CHA MAKE 32
3.2.6. -RA: EXHIBIT 32
3.2.7. -NA: DESIDERATIVE 33
4. SUBSTANTIVE ELEMENTS 35
4.1. CLASSES OF SUBSTANTIVES 35
4.1.1. NOUN-ADJECTIVES 35
4.1.2. SOUNDS 37
4.1.3. PERSONAL PRONOUNS 37
4.1.4. EMPHATIC PRONOUNS 37
4.1.5. DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN-ADJECTIVES 38
4.1.6. INTERROGATIVE-INDEFINITE PRONOUN-ADJECTIVES 39
4.1.7. QUANTIFYING NOUN-ADJECTIVES 40
4.1.7.1. INDEFINITE QUANTIFYING NOUN-ADJECTIVES 40
4.1.7.2. NUMERALS 40
4.2. SUFFIXES THAT APPLY TO SUBSTANTIVES 41
4.2.1. SUFFIXES DERIVING SUBSTANTIVES FROM SUBSTANTIVES 41
4.2.1.1. -NLYOQ HAVING 42
4.2.1.2. -SAPA HAVING MUCH 43
4.2.1.3. -YNAQ NOT HAVING 43
4.2.1.4. -SAG AND -KARAY WITH HATU- BIG 44
4.2.1.5. -Y VOCATIVE 44
4.2.1.6. -YLLA JUST 44
4.2.1.7. -Y (NO GLOSS) 44
4.2.1.8. -Q WITH HANA 45
4.2.1.9. -SH WITH HANA 45
4.2.1.10. -Q HUMAN 45
4.2.1.11. -LA: SIDE 46
4.2.1.12. -NNIN SUPERLATIVE 46
4.2.1.13. -NINTIN TOGETHER WITH 47
4.2.2. SUFFIXES DERIVING SUBSTANTIVES FROM VERBS 50
4.2.2.1. SUBSTANTIVIZATIONS WITH -NA 50
4.2.2.2. SUBSTANTIVIZATIONS WITH -Y 51
4.2.2.3. -Q SUBSTANTIVIZED 53
4.2.2.4. -(:)CHI ONE WHO DOES EXCESSIVELY 53
4.2.2.5. -PA SUBSTANTIVIZER 54
4.3. INFLECTIONAL SUFFIXES APPLING TO SUBSTANTIVES 54
4.3.1. POSSESSIVE SUFFIXES 54
4.3.2. NUMBER 55
4.3.3. CASE AND CASE-LIKE 55
4.3.4. OTHER INFLECTIONAL SUFFIXES 58
5. ADVERBS 59
5.1. TIME EXPRESSIONS 59
5.1.1. NAMED TIMES 60
IMAGE 3
CONTENTS VII
5.1.2. TIME EXPRESSIONS AND CASE MARKERS 60
5.1.3. UNITS OF TIME 61
5.1.4. TIMES OF DAY 62
5.1.5. DEICTIC TIME EXPRESSIONS 63
5.1.6. DENOTING PERIODS OF TIME 64
5.1.7. OTHER TIME ADVERBS 64
5.2. DEGREE ADVERBS 65
5.3. ATTITUDINAL ADVERBS 66
5.4. PRE-ADJECTIVES 66
5.5. MANNER AND MEANS ADVERBS 67
5.6. DERIVED ADVERBS 68
5.6.1. ADVERBS DERIVED FROM SUBSTANTIVES 68
5.6.1.1. THE DE-SUBSTANTIVAL ADVERBIALIZER -TA 68
5.6.1.2. THE DE-SUBSTANTIVAL ADVERBIALIZER -PA 69
5.6.2. ADVERBS DERIVED FROM VERBS 71
5.6.2.1. BY SUBSTANTIVIZATION AND THEN ADVERBIALIZATION 71 5.6.2.2.
ADVERBS DERIVED BY -Q 71
6. OTHER WORD AND SUFFIX CLASSES 73
6.1. OTHER WORD CLASSES 73
6.1.1. NEGATIVE 73
6.1.2. INTERJECTIONS 74
6.1.3. INTERACTIONAL 74
6.1.4. LINKS 75
6.2. SUFFIXES NOT RESTRICTED TO CLASS 75
6.2.1. SHADING SUFFIXES 75
6.2.2. EVIDENTIAL SUFFIXES 76
6.2.3. QUESTION-NEGATIVE 76
7. WORD FORMATION 77
7.1. THE STRUCTURE OF THE VERBAL WORD 77
7.1.1. INTRODUCTION TO PRE-TRANSITION SUFFIXES 78
7.1.2. INTRODUCTION TO THE TRANSITIONS 79
7.1.3. INTRODUCTION TO THE POST-TRANSITION SUFFIXES 81
7.2. SUFFIX ORDER 82
7.2.1. THE ORDER OF PRE-TRANSITION SUFFIXES 82
7.2.1.1. GENERALITIES REGARDING THE ORDER OF PRE-TRANSITION SUF- 82
FIXES 7.2.1.2. ALTERNATE ORDER OF SUFFIXES 83
7.2.1.3. MULTIPLE OCCURRENCES OF A SUFFIX 85
7.2.1.4. SPECIFIC CONSTRAINTS ON THE ORDER OF PRE-TRANSITION SUF- 85
FIXES 7.2.2. THE ORDER OF POST-TRANSITION SUFFIXES 86
7.2.2.1. THE ORDER OF POST-TRANSITION SUFFIXES FOR SUBSTANTIVES 86
7.2.2.2. THE ORDER OF POST-TRANSITION SUFFIXES FOR VERBS 87 7.2.2.3. THE
ORDER OF POST-TRANSITION SUFFIXES FOR ADVERBS 88 7.3. SUFFIX-AS-OPERATOR
MORPHOLOGY 88
IMAGE 4
I A GRAMMAR OF HUALLAGA QUECHUA
TRANSITIONS AND TENSE 95
8.1. PRELIMINARIES 95
8.1.1. PERSON 95
8.1.2. INTRODUCTION TO THE TRANSITION 96
8.1.3. AGREEMENT: SUBJECT AND OBJECT PERSON MARKING 98
8.1.4. AUXILIARY SUPPRESSION 98
8.2. PRESENT 99
8.3. SIMPLE PAST 99
8.4. FUTURE TENSE 100
8.5. IMPERATIVE 101
8.6. PARTICIPLES 103
8.7. CONDITIONAL TENSE 103
8.8. PERFECT TENSE 105
8.8.1. THE SIMPLE PERFECT 105
8.8.2. COMPOUND PERFECT 106
8.8.2.1. COMPOUND PRESENT PERFECT 107
8.8.2.2. PAST PERFECT 108
8.8.2.3. FUTURE PERFECT 108
8.8.2.4. THE COMPOUND PERFECT IN SUBORDINATE CLAUSES 109 8.9. HABITUAL
109
8.10. OBLIGATION AND INTENTION 112
8.10.1. OBLIGATION AND INTENTION WITH -NA SUB 112
8.10.2. OBLIGATION WITH -Y-PAQ -INF-PUR 113
8.11. IMMINENT 113
8.12. PERIPHRASTIC FUTURE 114
8.13. NARRATIVE PAST 114
8.14. SUBSTANTIVIZING TRANSITIONS 115
8.14.1. SUBSTANTIVIZATION WITH -Q 115
8.14.2. SUBSTANTIVIZATION WITH -NA 116
8.14.3. SUBSTANTIVIZATION WITH -SHA 117
8.15. ADVERBIAL CLAUSE TRANSITIONS 118
8.15.1. ADVERBIAL CLAUSE-DIFFERENT SUBJECT WITH -PTI 118
8.15.2. ADVERBIAL CLAUSE-SAME SUBJECT WITH -R 118
8.15.3. ADVERBIAL CLAUSE-SAME SUBJECT WITH -SHPA 119
PRE-TRANSITION SUFFIXES 121
9.1. DIRECTIONAL SUFFIXES 121
9.1.1. -RPC/ DOWN 122
9.1.2. -RKU UP 123
9.1.2.1. -RKU IN FINITE VERBS 123
9.1.2.2. -RKU M ADVERBIAL CLAUSES 126
9.1.3. -RQU OUT 127
9.1.4. -YKU IN 128
9.1.4.1. SUCCESS 129
9.1.4.2. WITH QO- GIVE 130
IMAGE 5
CONTENTS
9.1.4.3. WITH VERBS OF PERCEPTION 131
9.1.4.4. POLITENESS 132
9.1.4.5. AT THE PEAK OF AN EPISODE 133
9.1.4.6. -YKU WITH TRANSITIVIZERS 134
9.2. -MTI AFAR 134
9.2.1. DISTRIBUTIONAL CONSIDERATIONS 135
9.2.2. SUMMARY OF THE USES OF -MU 135
9.2.2.1. TOWARD HERE WITH MOTION VERBS 135
9.2.2.2. AT A DISTANCE WITH NON-MOTION VERBS 136
9.2.2.3. GO OFF AND DO WITH IMPLICATION OF COMING BACK 137 9.2.2.4.
STIMULUS FROM A DISTANCE 137
9.2.2.5. PERSPECTIVE AND BI-CLAUSAL PHENOMENA 140
9.2.2.6. RETURN TO NORMAL STATE 141
9.2.2.7. -MU AND AMBIGUOUS/VAGUE VERBS 142
9.3. PLURALIZATION 143
9.4. ASPECT 144
9.4.1. THE PERFECTIVE-IMPERFECTIVE ASPECTUAL DISTINCTION 145 9.4.2.
PUNCTUAL-DURATIVE ASPECTUAL CONTRAST 147
9.4.3. PERFECTIVE-IMPERFECTIVE AND PUNCTUAL-DURATIVE 148
9.4.4. ITERATIVE 150
9.4.5. -KAAKU COMPLETE(LY) 151
9.4.6. ASPECT IN ADVERBIAL CLAUSES 152
9.5. TRANSITIVIZING PRE-TRANSITION SUFFIXES 153
9.5.1. -:SHI ACCOMPANIMENT 154
9.5.2. BENEFACTIVE 155
9.5.2.1. -PA: BENEFACTIVE 155
9.5.2.2. -PU BENEFACTIVE 158
9.5.2.3. -PA BENEFACTIVE 159
9.5.2.4. -PA.RI MOMENTARILY 160
9.5.3. -CHI CAUSATIVE 161
9.5.3.1. GRAMMATICAL RELATIONS AND CAUSATIVES 161
9.5.3.2. DOUBLE CAUSATIVE 164
9.5.3.3. IDIOMATIC USES OF -CHI CAUSATIVE 164
9.5.4. -CHA: MAKE 166
9.6. REFLEXIVES AND RECIPROCALS 166
9.6.1. REFLEXIVES 167
9.6.1.1. REFERENCE RESTRICTING USES OF -KU REFL 167
9.6.1.2. EXTENDED USES OF -KU REFL 167
9.6.2. RECIPROCALS 168
9.6.2.1. EACH OTHER 168
9.6.2.2. RECIPROCAL OF DISTRIBUTED MUTUAL ACTIVITY 169
9.6.2.3. RECIPROCAL AS A DISTRIBUTED REFLEXIVE 169
9.6.2.4. EXTENDED MEANINGS 170
9.7. OTHER PRE-TRANSITION SUFFIXES 170
IMAGE 6
X A GRAMMAR OF HUALLAGA QUECHUA
9.7.1. -NA: DESIDERATIVE 170
9.7.2. -PAKLL DIFFUSE 171
9.7.3. -QTU PRETEND 172
9.7.4. -CHAKU CONCENTRATEDLY 172
9.7.5. -LLA: POLITE 173
10. CASE AND GRAMMATICAL RELATIONS 175
10.1. INTRODUCTION TO CASE 175
10.2. SUBJECT 175
10.3. -TA OBJECT 178
10.3.1. DIRECT OBJECT 178
10.3.2. INDIRECT OBJECT 179
10.3.3. OBJECT AGREEMENT 180
10.3.4. LOST -TA OBJ 181
10.3.5. SUBJECTS OF CAUSATIVIZED/BENEFACTIVE VERBS 182
10.3.6. DIRECTION 182
10.3.7. TIME LAPSE 183
10.3.8. -TA IN NON-SYSTEMATIC (IDIOMATIC) EXPRESSIONS 183 10.4. -CHAW
LOCATIVE 184
10.4.1. -CHAW WITH PHYSICAL LOCATION 184
10.4.2. -CHAW FOR INVOLVEMENT IN ACTIVITY/CIRCUMSTANCE 186 10.4.3. -CHAW
IN TIME EXPRESSIONS 187
10.4.4. -CHAW IN IDIOMATIC USAGES 188
10.5. -PITA ABL 189
10.5.1. INITIAL POINT OF A PATH THROUGH SPACE 189
10.5.2. OBSERVATION 191
10.5.3. SITE OF ATTACHMENT 191
10.5.4. MATERIAL 192
10.5.5. SOURCE 192
10.5.6. ACCORDING 193
10.5.7. TIME 193
10.5.8. CONTRAST AND COMPARISON 194
10.5.9. REASON 194
10.5.10. AVOIDANCE 195
10.5.11. LOAN TRANSLATIONS USING -PITA ABL 196
10.6. -MAN GOAL 196
10.6.1. MOTION OF AN OBJECT THROUGH SPACE 196
10.6.2. A STATIC PATH THROUGH SPACE 197
10.6.3. MOTION TO AN ALTERED STATE OR EVENT 198
10.6.4. TIME PROGRESSION TO SOME ENDPOINT 199
10.6.5. SPANISH LOAN TRANSLATIONS 199
10.6.6. RESIDUE 200
10.6.7. TO GO AFTER 200
10.6.8. INTERACTION WITH PRE-TRANSITION SUFFIXES 201
10.7. -YAQ AND -KARNA LIMITATIVE 201
IMAGE 7
CONTENTS XI
10.7.1. SPATIAL LIMIT 201
10.7.2. TEMPORAL LIMIT 202
10.8. -PAQ PUR 204
10.8.1. -PAQ TO MEAN FOR THE BENEFIT OF 205
10.8.2. -PAQ TO MEAN PURPOSE OR REASON 205
10.8.3. -PAQ WITH PURPOSE COMPLEMENTS 206
10.8.4. -PAQ WITH THE CONCEPT OF EXCHANGE 206
10.8.5. -PAQ WITH COMPOUND TENSES 207
10.8.6. -PAQ IN TIME EXPRESSIONS 207
10.8.7. -PAQ TO MEAN CONCERNING OR ABOUT 208
10.8.8. -PAQ TO MEAN FOR X TO DO 209
10.8.9. -PAQ TO MEAN TO CARRY OUT SOME ROLE/OFFICE 209
10.9. -PA GEN 2M
10.9.1. -PA TO MEAN THROUGH/BY WAY OF Y -21&
10.9.2. -PA TO MEAN ALONG A COURSE 210
10.9.3. -PA TO MEAN IN THE AREA OF 212
10.9.4. -PA TO MEAN DIFFUSE GOAL 213
10.9.5. -PA IN REFERENCE TO ADMIXTURES 214
10.9.6. -PA WITH HANA ABOVE 215
10.10. -WAN COM 215
10.10.1. INSTRUMENT 215
10.10.2. CO-PARTICIPANT 217
10.10.3. CONJUNCTION 218
10.10.4. SUBJECT OF CAUSATIVIZED (TRANSITIVE) VERB 219
10.10.5. CIRCUMSTANCE 219
10.10.6. UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF 220
10.11. -NAW SIMILARITY 220
10.11.1. -NAW S ORDER WITH OTHER POST-TRANSITION SUFFIXES 220 10.11.2.
-NAW INDICATING SIMILE 221
10.11.3. -NAW MEANING MANNER 222
10.11.4. CHAY-NAW AND KAY-NAW REFERRING TO EVENTS 222
10.11.5. CHAY-NAW AND KAY-NAW REFERRING TO SPEECH 223
10.11.6. -NAW IN ABOUT TO 224
10.11.7. -NAW TO MEAN APPROXIMATELY 224
10.11.8. HUK-NAW DIFFERENT(LY) 224
10.12. -NAW+PA MANNER/MEANS 225
10.13. -NIRAQ LIKE 225
10.14. -PURA BETWEEN/AMONG 226
10.15. MORE ABOUT CASE 227
10.15.1. CO-OCCURRENCE OF CASE MARKERS 227
10.15.2. THE EFFECTS OF PRE-TRANSITION SUFFIXES 228
10.15.3. CASE MARKERS AND MEANINGS 230
10.15.4. REFERENTIAL VERSUS NON-REFERENTIAL READINGS 230
10.15.5. THE SCOPE OF CASE MARKERS 230
IMAGE 8
XII A GRAMMAR OF HUALLAGA QUECHUA
11. PASSIVES 233
11.1. MORPHOLOGICAL PASSIVES 233
11.1.1. -KA: PASSIVE 234
11.1.1.1. SUBJECT PROPERTIES OF -KA: PASSIVES 234
11.1.1.2. LIMITATIONS ON OBJECTS MADE INTO SUBJECTS BY -KA: 236
11.1.1.3. -KA: CO-LEXICALIZED WITH VERB ROOTS 238
11.1.1.4. -KA: FUSED WITH OTHER SUFFIXES 241
11.1.1.5. CONCLUSIONS ON -KA: PASSIVES 241
11.1.2. -RA: STATIVE 241
11.1.2.1. SUBJECT PROPERTIES WITH -RA: PASSIVES 241
11.1.2.2. THE PLURAL FORM OF -RA: 243
11.1.2.3. -RA: CO-LEXICALIZED WITH VERB ROOTS 243
11.1.2.4. CONCLUSIONS ON -RA: PASSIVES 244
11.2. SYNTACTIC PASSIVE 244
11.3. SUMMARY 248
12. SUBSTANTIVE PHRASES 249
12.1. MODIFIERS AND HEADS: ORDER AND CONSTITUENCY 249
12.2. COMPOUND SUBSTANTIVES 250
12.2.1. LOCALIZER-AREA 251
12.2.2. SOURCE-OBJECT 251
12.2.3. GENDER CLASSIFIER 252
12.2.4. OCCUPATION-ACTOR 252
12.2.5. PART-PART 252
12.2.6. SUBSTANCE-CONTAINER 252
12.2.7. QUANTIFIER-SUBSTANCE 252
12.2.8. QUANTIFIER-MEASURE 253
12.2.9. TIME-OBJECT 253
12.2.10. PARALLEL NUMERICALLY QUANTIFIED SUBSTANTIVE PHRASES 253 12.3.
GENITIVE CONSTRUCTION 254
12.3.1. FORM AND STRUCTURE 254
12.3.2. USES OF THE GENITIVE CONSTRUCTION 255
12.3.2.1. GENERAL 255
12.3.2.2. COMPONENTS OF A WHOLE 255
12.3.2.3. SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS 256
12.3.2.4. TEMPORAL RELATIONSHIPS 257
12.3.2.5. QUANTIFIERS 259
12.4. PRONOMINAL REFERENCE 259
12.4.1. POSSESSED QUANTIFIER/REFERENTIAL WORDS 259
12.4.1.1. HUK ONE/OTHER 259
12.4.1.2. OTHER NUMERALS 260
12.4.1.3. WAKIN OTHERS 261
12.4.1.4. MAYQAN WHICH 261
12.4.1.5. KIKI SELF 262
12.4.1.6. LLAPAN ALL 262
IMAGE 9
CONTENTS XIII
12.4.1.7. HAPALLAN ALONE 262
12.4.1.8. KARA-U:NU EACH ONE 263
12.4.1.9. UNMOTIVATED -NI ALTERNATION 263
12.4.2. REFERENCE AND OBJECT COMPLEMENTS 263
12.5. NUMBER FORMATION 267
12.5.1. BASIC NUMBERS 267
12.5.2. INDEFINITE NUMBERS 269
12.5.3. NUMBER ROOTS/STEM 269
12.6. -KAMA RESPECTIVELY 269
12.7. -KAQ DEFINITE 271
12.7.1. KA+Q MARKS DEFINITE REFERENCE 273
12.7.2. -KAQ TO REFER TO PLACE 274
12.7.3. -PITA KAQ THOSE EXCEPT 275
12.7.4. HUK-KAQ THE OTHER 275
12.7.5. WAKIN-KAQ THE OTHERS 276
12.7.6. CHAY-KAQ THE OTHER 276
12.7.7. MANA-KAQ INSIGNIFICANT 277
12.8. -PACHA CONTINUOUS 277
12.9. CONTRAST, CO-VARIATION, AND COMPARISON 277
13. SUBSTANTIVIZED CLAUSES 279
13.1. RELATIVE CLAUSES 279
13.1.1. BASIC CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS 279
13.1.2. BASIC RELATIVIZATION IN QUECHUA 280
13.1.3. CHOICE OF SUBSTANTIVIZER 280
13.1.4. RELATIVE JUXTAPOSITION 281
13.1.5. DISCONTINUOUS MODIFIERS 282
13.2. PARTICIPLES 282
13.2.1. THE SYNTAX OF PARTICIPLES 283
13.2.2. PARTICIPLES WITH -SHA PRTC 285
13.2.2.1. FORMS OF THE PARTICIPIALIZER -SHA 285
13.2.2.2. USES OF PARTICIPLES FORMED WITH -SHA 285
13.2.3. NEGATIVE PARTICIPLES WITH -:NI 287
13.3. COMPLEMENTATION 288
13.3.1. SUBJECT COMPLEMENTS 288
13.3.2. OBJECT COMPLEMENTS 288
13.3.2.1. -NA COMPLEMENTS 288
13.3.2.2. INFINITIVE OBJECT COMPLEMENTS 289
13.3.2.3. FACTIVE COMPLEMENTS 289
13.3.2.4. SENSORY VERB COMPLEMENTS 289
13.4. ADVERBIAL USES OF SUBSTANTIVIZED CLAUSES 290
13.4.1. TIME 291
13.4.2. PLACE 291
13.4.3. CIRCUMSTANCE 291
13.4.4. PURPOSE 292
IMAGE 10
XIV A GRAMMAR OF HUALLAGA QUECHUA
13.4.4.1. COMMON PURPOSE CLAUSES 292
13.4.4.2. PURPOSE MOTION CLAUSES 292
13.4.4.3. NEGATIVE PURPOSE CLAUSES 293
13.4.5. RESULT 293
13.4.6. REASON 293
13.4.7. MANNER 294
13.4.8. HYPOTHETICAL COMPARISON 294
13.4.9. CORRELATION ACCORDING AS 294
13.4.10. COMPARISON 294
14. ADVERBIAL CLAUSES 297
14.1. THE BASIC FACTS 297
14.1.1. THE ADVERBIAL CLAUSE MARKERS AND SWITCH REFERENCE 298 14.1.2.
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN -SHPA AND -R 299
14.1.3. -PTI+12 REDUCED TO -SHA 299
14.1.4. SWITCH REFERENCE AND SUBJECT INFLECTION 300
14.1.5. SWITCH REFERENCE AND SUBORDINATION 301
14.1.6. IDENTITY OR INCLUSION DEFINING SWITCH REFERENCE 303 14.1.7.
SWITCH REFERENCE AND KUYRAA BE CAREFUL LEST 304
14.1.8. OTHER SWITCH REFERENCE MECHANISMS 304
14.2. THE USES OF ADVERBIAL CLAUSES 304
14.3. ADVERBIALIZATION IN RELATION TO OTHER PROCESSES 305
14.3.1. CAUSATIVIZATION 306
14.3.2. SUBSTANTIVIZATION 306
14.3.3. RECIPROCAL FORMATION 307
14.4. ADVERBIAL CLAUSES DERIVED BY -Y(+LLA)+PA 308
14.4.1. MANNER 308
14.4.2. MEANS 310
14.4.3. OTHER USES 311
14.4.4. REDUPLICATION WITH -Y(+LLA)+PA ADV 312
14.5. DIALECT DIFFERENCES IN USE OF ADVERBIAL CLAUSES 312
14.6. DISCOURSE FUNCTION OF ADVERBIAL CLAUSES 313
14.6.1. RECAPITULATIVE ADVERBIAL CLAUSES 313
14.6.2. MEGA-SENTENCES 315
15. REDUPLICATION 317
15.1. REDUPLICATION WITHIN LEXICAL ITEMS 317
15.2. REDUPLICATION OF SIMPLE WORDS 318
15.2.1. WORD-WORD REDUPLICATION 318
15.2.2. REDUPLICATION WITH -N 319
15.2.3. WITH CASE 320
15.3. ADVERB VERB REDUPLICATION 320
15.3.1. VERB-R VERB REDUPLICATION 321
15.3.1.1. VERB-R MAIN VERB 321
15.3.1.2. VERB-R VERB-R REDUPLICATION 321
15.3.1.3. VERB-R VERB-RKU-R 322
IMAGE 11
CONTENTS XV
15.3.2. VERB-Y+PA VERB 323
15.4. ADVERBIAL CLAUSE REDUPLICATION 323
15.5. REDUPLICATION WITH INCOMPLETE VERB STEMS 323
15.6. VERB VERB 324
15.7. INFINITIVE INFINITIVE 324
16. QUESTION FORMATION 325
16.1. VALIDATION QUESTIONS 325
16.2. CONTENT QUESTIONS 327
16.3. ALTERNATIVE QUESTIONS 329
16.4. TAG QUESTIONS 329
16.5. WHAT-SAY/DO QUESTIONS 330
16.6. NEGATIVE QUESTIONS 330
16.7. EMBEDDED QUESTIONS 331
16.7.1. EMBEDDED CONTENT QUESTIONS 331
16.7.2. EMBEDDED ALTERNATIVE QUESTIONS 332
16.7.3. FINITE EMBEDDED QUESTIONS 332
16.8. THIRD PERSON QUESTIONS 332
17. NEGATION 335
17.1. BASIC NEGATION IN MAIN CLAUSES 335
17.1.1. NEGATION WITH COMPOUND TENSES 336
17.1.2. NEGATION WITH KA- BE 336
17.1.3. NEGATIVE COMMANDS 339
17.1.4. THE DISTRIBUTION OF NEGATIVE MORPHEMES 339
17.1.4.1. THE DISTRIBUTION OF -CHU NEC 339
17.1.4.2. THE POSITION OF MANA NOT AND AMA NOT 340
17.2. NEGATION IN SUBORDINATE CLAUSES 341
17.3. NEGATION WITH GENITIVE CONSTRUCTION 342
17.4. NEGATION WITH -RAQ YET , -NA NOW , AND -PIS EVEN 343
17.5. THE NEG-PURPOSE CONSTRUCTION 343
17.6. NEGATIVES WITH -Q-PIS 345
17.7. NEGATION WITH -TAQ+CHU NEC 345
17.8. NEGATIVE INDEFINITE EXPRESSIONS 346
18. CONJUNCTION 347
18.1. CONJUNCTION OF SUBSTANTIVES 347
18.1.1. JUXTAPOSITION OF SUBSTANTIVES 347
18.1.2. SUBSTANTIVES CONJOINED WITH -WAN COM 348
18.1.3. SUBSTANTIVES CONJOINED WITH -NTIN 350
18.1.4. THE HUK...HUK OR WAKI-...WAKI- MECHANISM 350
18.1.5. LIST-AND-COUNT CONJUNCTION 351
18.2. CONJUNCTION OF MAIN VERBS 352
18.3. CONJUNCTION OF SUBORDINATE CLAUSES 352
18.3.1. EMBEDDED QUESTIONS 352
18.3.2. INFINITIVE COMPLEMENTS 353
IMAGE 12
XVI A GRAMMAR OF HUALLAGA. QUECHUA
18.3.3. CONJUNCTION OF ADVERBIAL CLAUSES 353
18.4. SENTENTIAL CONJUNCTION 355
18.5. PARENTHETIC INSERTIONS 356
19. THE SHADING SUFFIXES 357
19.1. -LLA JUST 357
19.1.1. THE ORDER OF -LLA 357
19.1.1.1. WITH SIMPLE (POSSESSED) SUBSTANTIVES 358
19.1.1.2. WITH SUBORDINATING TRANSITIONS 359
19.1.2. THE USES OF -LLA JUST 361
19.1.2.1. -LLA JUST TO MEAN EXCLUSIVE OF 361
19.1.2.2. -LLA JUST TO MEAN PRECISELY 362
19.1.2.3. -LLA JUST WITH TIME EXPRESSIONS 363
19.1.2.4. -LLA JUST TO INDICATE A SMALL AMOUNT 364
19.1.2.5. -LLA JUST TO INDICATE MEAGERNESS 365
19.1.2.6. -LLA JUST IN ADVERBIAL CLAUSES 366
19.1.2.7. -LLA JUST TO INDICATE POLITENESS 367
19.1.2.8. -LLA JUST IN FROZEN FORMS 368
19.2. -PIS-^-SI EVEN, ALSO, INDEFINITE 369
19.2.1. -PIS^-SI WITH INDEFINITE EXPRESSIONS 370
19.2.2. -PIS~-SI WITH EMBEDDED QUESTIONS 371
19.2.3. -PIS - -SI WITH CONCESSIVE ADVERBIAL CLAUSES 372
19.2.4. -PIS - -SI EVEN, TO THE EXTENT THAT 372
19.2.5. -PIS^-SI TERMINATING QUANTIFIED EXPRESSIONS 373
19.2.6. -PIS - -SI WITH CONJOINED PHRASES 373
19.2.7. -PIS^-SI MEANING ALSO, IN ADDITION TO 374
19.2.8. -PIS^-SI SIMPLY AS A MARKER OF INDEFINITENESS 375
19.3. -NA NOW 376
19.3.1. -NA MEANING SIMPLY NOW AND SOON 376
19.3.2. -NA WITH TIME EXPRESSIONS 377
19.3.3. -NA MEANING RIGHT AT THAT TIME 378
19.3.4. -NA MEANING NOW-IN CONTRAST TO BEFORE 379
19.3.5. -NA MEANING ALREADY, PREVIOUSLY 380
19.3.6. -NA IN PROCEDURAL TEXT 381
19.3.7. -NA AS AN EPISODE BOUNDARY 383
19.3.8. -NA AND BACKGROUND MATERIAL 384
19.3.9. A RESIDUE CASE 385
19.4. -RAQ YET, STILL 386
19.4.1. -RAQ WITH TIME EXPRESSIONS 386
19.4.2. NEGATIVE AND -RAQ 388
19.4.3. -RAQ TO INDICATE AN EXTREME 389
19.4.4. -RAQ WITH FUTURE VERBS 389
19.4.5. FROZEN EXPRESSIONS WITH -RAQ 390
19.5. CONTRAST BETWEEN -NA A.ND -RAQ 390
IMAGE 13
CONTENTS XVII
20. THE SUFFIX -QA TOP 393
20.1. SYNTACTIC ASPECTS OF -QA 393
20.1.1. SYNTACTIC CATEGORIES WITH WHICH -QA OCCURS 393
20.1.2. -QA IS RESTRICTED TO MAIN CLAUSE CONSTITUENTS 394
20.1.3. THERE MAY BE MORE THAN ONE -QA PER SENTENCE 395 20.1.4. BLOCKING
AND THE INTERACTION WITH THE EVIDENTIAL SUFFIXES 396 20.2. PRAGMATIC
FACTS ABOUT -QA 400
20.2.1. GENERAL COMMENTS 400
20.2.2. VARIATION IN THE USE OF -QA 402
20.2.3. THE USES OF -QA 404
20.2.3.1. -QA INDICATING RELEVANCE TO CONTEXT 405
20.2.3.2. -QA INDICATING CONTRAST 406
20.2.3.3. -QA WITH NEGATIVE ASSERTIONS AND YES/NO QUESTIONS 409
20.2.3.4. -QA INDICATING ALTERNATES 411
20.2.3.5. -QA WITH SENTENTIAL CONNECTIVES 412
20.2.3.6. -QA TO RESUME A TOPIC 413
20.2.3.7. -QA ON ADVERBIAL CLAUSES 415
20.2.3.8. -QA ON MAIN VERBS 416
20.3. CONCLUSION 418
21. EVIDENTIAL SUFFIXES 419
21.1. THE MEANING OF -MI, -SHI, AND -CHI 420
21.1.1. A FIRST CHARACTERIZATION 420
21.1.2. -MI AND -SHI ARE EVIDENTIALS 421
21.1.3. THE USES OF -CHI 425
21.1.3.1. -CHI AS A QUERY 425
21.1.3.2. -CHI AS FLIPPANT, SARCASTIC, OR HAUGHTY 426
21.2. INFORMATION PROFILE 427
21.2.1. THE PATTERN 427
21.2.2. THE PATTERN AS INFORMATION PROFILE 428
21.3. PATTERN DEVIATIONS AS A RHETORICAL DEVICE 431
21.3.1. PATTERN DEVIATION AT TEXTUAL BOUNDARIES 431
21.3.2. PATTERN DEVIATIONS TO BUILD (AND RESOLVE) TENSIONS 434 21.3.3.
PATTERN DEVIATION TO DISTINGUISH TWO THEMES 434
21.3.4. SUMMARY 435
21.4. OTHER USES OF -MI AND -SHI 436
21.4.1. -MI AS A QUESTION MARKER 436
21.4.2. -MI IN CORRELATIVES 437
21.4.3. -SHI WITH FINITE EMBEDDED QUESTIONS 437
21.5. CONCLUSIONS 437
22. FORMULAIC EXPRESSIONS 439
22.1. POLITE EXPRESSIONS 439
22.1.1. MECHANISMS FOR POLITENESS 439
22.1.2. GREETINGS 440
IMAGE 14
SVIII A GRAMMAR OF HUALLAGA QUECHUA
22.1.3. GIVING AND RECEIVING 442
22.2. EXPRESSIONS REFLECTING DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES 442
22.3. IDIOMS 443
22.4. EMOTIONAL EXPRESSIONS 446
22.5. FORMULAIC EXPRESSIONS 447
22.6. LOAN TRANSLATIONS (CAIQUES) 448
23. PHONOLOGY 449
23.1. PHONEMES 449
23.2. ALLOPHONICS 452
23.3. CONSONANT CLUSTERS 453
23.4. SYLLABLE STRUCTURE 454
23.5. MORPHEME STRUCTURE CONDITIONS 455
23.6. ORTHOGRAPHY 456
23.7. STRESS 457
23.8. MORPHO-PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES 457
23.8.1. SIBILANTS 457
23.8.2. PHONETIC LOWERING 458
23.8.3. LOWERING OF HIGH LONG VOWELS 458
23.8.4. NASAL ASSIMILATION 458
23.8.5. APOCOPE 459
23.8.6. CONTRACTIONS 459
23.8.6.1. SYLLABLE DROPPING 459
23.8.6.2. HANA, URA, AND WASHA CONTRACTING WITH QA 460 23.8.6.3.
CONTRACTIONS INVOLVING SUFFIXES AND POST-POSITIONS 461 23.8.7.
METATHESIS 461
23.8.8. NON-PHONEMIC TRANSITION VOCOIDS AND CONTOIDS 461 23.8.9. /I+Y/
461
23.8.10. WORD-FINAL /I+Y/ 462
23.8.11. MORPHO-PHONEMIC LOWERING 462
23.8.12. -NI INSERTION 465
23.8.13. PROCESSES INVOLVING LENGTH 466
23.8.13.1. FORESHORTENING 467
23.8.13.2. LENGTH IN NOQANCHI(:)KUNA 468
23.8.13.3. LENGTH FOR EMPHASIS 468
23.8.13.4. COMPENSATORY LENGTHENING 469
23.8.13.5. FINAL LENGTH SUPPRESSION 470
23.8.14. -LLA POS SWITCH 470
23.8.15. CLITICIZATION OF POST-POSITIONS 470
23.9. DIALECT VARIATION IN HUALLAGA QUECHUA 471
23.10. LOAN PROCESSES 471
23.10.1. VOWELS 472
23.10.1.1. MID VOWELS BECOME HIGH VOWELS 472
23.10.1.2. VOWEL ADDED AFTER FINAL CONSONANT 472
23.10.1.3. STRESS AND LONG VOWELS 472
IMAGE 15
CONTENTS XIX
23.10.2. SYLLABIFICATIONS 472
23.10.3. CONSONANTS 473
23.10.3.1. STOP+LABIALIZATION AS A CONSONANT 473
23.10.3.2. STOP+PALATAL OFFGLIDE AS A CONSONANT 474
23.10.3.3. CLUSTERS WITH /R/ AND /I/ 474
23.10.3.4. INITIAL SPANISH /H/, /{/, AND / J/ 475
23.10.3.5. INTERVOCALIC CONSONANT INSERTION 476
23.10.3.6. INTERVOCALIC /G/ 476
23.10.3.7. SPANISH / J/ BORROWED AS /SH/ 476
23.10.3.8. STOP REPLACING FRICATIVE 476
23.10.3.9. INTERVOCALIC SPANISH /D/ BECOMES QUECHUA /R/ 477 23.10.3.10.
/I/ TO /R/ WORD-FINAL 477
23.10.3.11. METATHESIS OF CONSONANTS 477
23.10.3.12. DROPPING A CONSONANT 477
23.10.3.13. WORD-FINAL /ADO/ AND /AD/ 477
23.10.4. LOSS OF A SYLLABLE 478
23.10.5. MULTIPLE SPANISH WORDS BORROWED AS ONE WORD 478 REFERENCES 479
INDEX 483
|
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| author | Weber, David J. 1940-2010 |
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| discipline | Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen Literaturwissenschaft |
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| id | DE-604.BV002178132 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T15:41:37Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0520097327 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-001430667 |
| oclc_num | 185288382 |
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| physical | XXV, 490 S. |
| publishDate | 1989 |
| publishDateSearch | 1989 |
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| publisher | Univ. of California Press |
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| series | University of California <Berkeley, Calif.>: University of California publications in linguistics |
| series2 | University of California <Berkeley, Calif.>: University of California publications in linguistics |
| spelling | Weber, David J. 1940-2010 Verfasser (DE-588)122633083 aut A grammar of Huallaga (Huánuco) Quechua David John Weber Berkeley [u.a.] Univ. of California Press 1989 XXV, 490 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier University of California <Berkeley, Calif.>: University of California publications in linguistics 112 Quechua (språk) sao Grammatik Quechua language Dialects Peru Huánuco (Dept.) Quechua language Grammar Huanuco-Quechua (DE-588)1025110080 gnd rswk-swf Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd rswk-swf Huanuco-Quechua (DE-588)1025110080 s Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 s DE-604 University of California <Berkeley, Calif.>: University of California publications in linguistics 112 (DE-604)BV000008560 112 SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=001430667&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Weber, David J. 1940-2010 A grammar of Huallaga (Huánuco) Quechua University of California <Berkeley, Calif.>: University of California publications in linguistics Quechua (språk) sao Grammatik Quechua language Dialects Peru Huánuco (Dept.) Quechua language Grammar Huanuco-Quechua (DE-588)1025110080 gnd Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)1025110080 (DE-588)4021806-5 |
| title | A grammar of Huallaga (Huánuco) Quechua |
| title_auth | A grammar of Huallaga (Huánuco) Quechua |
| title_exact_search | A grammar of Huallaga (Huánuco) Quechua |
| title_full | A grammar of Huallaga (Huánuco) Quechua David John Weber |
| title_fullStr | A grammar of Huallaga (Huánuco) Quechua David John Weber |
| title_full_unstemmed | A grammar of Huallaga (Huánuco) Quechua David John Weber |
| title_short | A grammar of Huallaga (Huánuco) Quechua |
| title_sort | a grammar of huallaga huanuco quechua |
| topic | Quechua (språk) sao Grammatik Quechua language Dialects Peru Huánuco (Dept.) Quechua language Grammar Huanuco-Quechua (DE-588)1025110080 gnd Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Quechua (språk) Grammatik Quechua language Dialects Peru Huánuco (Dept.) Quechua language Grammar Huanuco-Quechua |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=001430667&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV000008560 |
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