Fundamentals of plant systematics:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
New York, NY
Harper & Row
1986
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Literaturangaben |
| Physical Description: | XIII, 498 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0060453052 |
Staff View
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| 100 | 1 | |a Radford, Albert E. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Fundamentals of plant systematics |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | FUNDAMENTALS
OF PLANT
SYSTEMATICS
Albert E jtedford
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
with contributions by
Gloria Caddell, James Doyle, Deborah Quails,
and Laurie S Radford
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
T M Barkley
Kansas State University
Duane Isely
Iowa State University
and
Michael G Simpson
Albright College
Contents in Detail
Preface xiii
Prologue: Organization and Information 1
A Approach to the Study of Plant Systematics 2
B Organization of the Text 3
C Informational Content of the Book 4
D A Summary of Concepts, Processes, and Principles Treated
in this Text (The Fundamentals) 5
E Objectives and Goals of Plant Systematics 7
F A Hierarchical Resume for Systematists 8
G General Course Assumptions and Evaluations 8
H Author Assumptions on Values 8
I Themes 9
J Textual Information for Instructors 9
K General Comments for Students and Instructors 10
Parti
TAXONOMIC CONCEPTS, PROCESSES, PRINCIPLES 11
1 A Foundation for the Study of
Plant Systematics 13
A Basic Systematic Concepts and Activities 15
I General Terms Pertinent to the Study of Systematics 15
II The Fundamental Components of Taxonomy 18
III The Fundamental Components of Evolution 23
IV Taxonomic Activities 26
B Systematics as a Field of Endeavor 28
C A Summary Statement for Plant Systematics 30
Suggested Reading 30
Summary for Taxonomy 31
Summary for Evolution 32
General Taxonomic Questions 33
Exercises in Taxonomy 34
2 History of Plant Taxonomy 37
A The Development of Classification 37
I Preliterate Mankind 37
II Ancient Literate Civilization 38
III Medieval Botany 41
IV The Renaissance and Its Progeny 42
V The Theory of Evolution 47
VI CONTENTS IN DETAIL
B The Knowledge of the World s Flora 48
• I Introduction 48
C Botanic Gardens and Herbaria 52
D Contemporary Systematic Botany 54
Suggested Reading 56
Summary for A Historical Study of Taxonomy 57
Questions on the History of Taxonomy 58
Exercises in the History of Taxonomy 58
3 Plant Nomenclature 61
A Ranks of Taxa 64
B Names and Naming 66
C Nomenclature in Floras and Manuals 68
I Author Citations 69
II Basic Definitions Related to Synonyms 70
III Hybrids 71
IV Types 71
Suggested Reading 72
Summary for Nomenclature 72
Questions on Nomenclature 73
Exercises in Nomenclature 74
4 Botanical Names 77
A Formation of Specific Epithets 78
I General Information 78
II Commemorative Epithets 79
III Descriptive Epithets 80
IV Names of Plant Parts Used as Epithets 81
V Prefixes 82
VI Suffixes 86
B Meanings of Specific Epithets 87
I Adjectival Epithets 87
II Nominative Epithets: Old Generic, Common, and Aboriginal Names 94
III Miscellaneous Epithets 96
C Pronunciation of Botanical Names 98
I General Information 98
II Accenting According to the Rules of Classical Latin 99
III A Concluding Statement 101
Suggested Reading 102
Summary for Botanical Names 102
Questions on Botanical Names 103
Exercises in Botanical Names 103
5 Plant Description 107
A Descriptions in Floras and Manuals 108
B Characters and Characterization 109
CONTENTS IN DETAIL Vli
C General Descriptive Characters 111
I Coloration 112
n Size 114
III Number 116
IV Fusion 117
V Shape 118
VI Disposition 129
VII Surface 135
VIII Texture 139
IX Symmetry 139
X Temporal Phenomena 140
Suggested Reading 142
Summary for Description 142
Questions on Description and Descriptive Format 143
Exercises in Description 144
6 Plant Classification 147
A Classification 14
I Traditional Classification 149
II Modern Classification 150
B Systems of Plant Classification 154
Suggested Reading 157
Summary for Classification of Plants 157
Questions on Classification 158
Exercises in Classification 159
7 Plant Identification 161
A Traditional Methods of Classification 162
I Suggestions for the Use of Keys 164
II Suggestions for Construction of Keys for Floras 165
B Polyclaves and Other Methods 166
Suggested Reading 167
Summary for Identification 168
Questions on Plant Identification 169
Exercises in Plant Identification 170
8 Taxonomic Evidence 173
A Taxonomic Evidentiary Analysis 174
I Description, Characterization, Circumscription 175
II Taxon Delimitation, Identification, Key 176
III Evidence Used in a Classification System 176
iv Evidence Used in a Synoptic Key 178
B Uses and Types of Evidence in Systematics 179
I General Guidelines and Assumptions for the Use of Evidence in
Systematic Study 179
II Types and Evidence Used in Systematics 180
Suggested Reading 194
ViH CONTENTS IN DETAIL
Summary for Evidentiary Study in Systematics 194
Questions on Evidentiary Study 195
Exercises in Evidentiary Study 195
9 Variation and Speciation in Plants 197
A Variation in Plants 199
I Sources of Genetic Variation 200
II Analysis of Character Variation 200
B Plant Speciation 201
I Plant Populations 201
II Reproductive Biology of Plants 203
III Isolation and Selection 205
IV Types of Species 207
Suggested Reading 212
Summary for Study of Variation 213
Summary for Speciation 214
Questions on Variation and Speciation 215
Exercises in Variation and Speciation 215
10 Phytogeny and Structural Evolution of Plants 217
A Principles and Methodology 218
I Characters 218
II The Cladogram 221
III A Perspective on Phylogenetic Systematics 234
B Structural Evolution 235
I Tracheary Element Evolution 237
II Floral Evolution 239
III Conclusions 244
Suggested Reading 245
Summary for Phylogeny and Structural Evolution of Plants 245
Questions on Phylogeny and Structural Evolution 247
Exercises in Phylogeny 247
Part 2
SYSTEMATIC INSTITUTIONS 249
11 The Botanic Library and Taxonomic Literature 251
Recent and Future Information Systems 253
A Basic Concepts Related to the Botanic Library and
Taxonomic Literature 255
B Use of the Botanic Library 256
I Information Source 256
II Documentation Center 256
III Service Facility 256
C Taxonomic Literature and Bibliographic Aids 257
I Classification Used in Libraries -257
II Classification of Taxonomic Literature with
Selected References 259
CONTENTS IN DETAIL ix
Suggested Reading 264
Summary for the Study of Taxonomic Literature 265
Questions on Taxonomic Literature 266
Exercises in Taxonomic Literature 266
12 The Herbarium 269
A The Herbarium—Past, Present, Future 271
I Historical Development 271
II Present Size and State of Herbaria 272
III The Herbarium and the Future 273
B Herbarium Use 274
Suggested Reading 276
Summary for Taxonomic Study of Plant Collections in
the Herbarium 277
Questions on the Herbarium 278
Exercises in the Herbarium 279
13 Botanic Gardens and Arboreta 281
A Historical Development of Botanic Gardens 282
I The Earliest Botanic Gardens 282
II The European Period (to 1560) 283
III The Near East Period (1560-1620) 283
IV The Period of Canadian and Virginian Herbaceous
Plants (1620-1687) 283
V The Cape Period (1687-1772) 284
VI The Period of North Americal Trees and Shrubs
(1687-1772) 284
VII The Australian Period (1772-1820) 285
VIII Subsequent Periods 286
IX American Gardens (1801- ) 286
B Botanic Gardens of Today 287
I Research 287
II Education 287
III Conservation 288
IV Public Service 289
C Botanic Gardens of Tomorrow 289
Suggested Reading- 290
Summary for Systematic Study of Living Collections in
Botanic Gardens and Arboreta 291
Questions on Botanic Gardens and Arboreta 292
Exercises in the Botanic Garden 293
Part 3
TAXONOMIC RESOURCE INFORMATION 295
Appendix A Data Analysis in Systematics 297
CONTENTS IN DETAIL
A Number and Choice of Characters 299
B Coding of Characters 300
C The Character x Taxon Matrix 300
D Statistics 301
I Means 301
II Variance and Standard Deviation 301
III Correlation 302
IV Standardizing the Data 304
E Similarity Matrices 304
F Reducing Dimensions: Cluster Analysis and Principal
Components Analysis 306
I Cluster Analysis 306
II Principal Components Analysis 307
G General Considerations 310
Suggested Reading 310
Appendix B Phenetic and Phylogenetic Classification 313
A Phylogenetic Classification 313
B Phenetic Classification 321
C Phenetic and Phylogenetic Classification 324
D Evolutionary Taxonomic Classification 324
Suggested Reading 327
Appendix C Families of Flowering Plants 329
A Families in Floras and Manuals 331
B Synopses and Synoptical Arrangements 332
I Synopsis of Characteristics of the Divisions of Vascular Plants
and Classes of Flowering Plants 332
II Synoptical Arrangements of the Magnoliopsida and Liliopsida/
Synoptical Arrangement of the Subclasses of Magnoliopsida 334
III Synoptical Arrangement of the Subclasses of Liliopsida 336
C Family Descriptions and Illustrations 338
I Index to Families of Flowering Plants 338
II Systematic Arrangement of Selected Families of
Flowering Plants 339
III References for Families of Flowering Plants 341
IV Family Descriptions and Illustrations 343
Appendix D The Structure of Vascular Plants 407
Outline of System of Classification for Terms 407
A Angiosperm Structural Parts and Types 410
I The Plant 410
II Roots 410
III Stems 412
IV Buds 415
V Leaves 416
VI Inflorescences 419
VII Flowers 422
CONTENTS IN DETAIL
VIII Perianth and Hypanthium 425
IX Androecium 427
X Gynoecium 430
XI Fruits 434
XII Seeds and Seedlings 439
B Sexual Phenomena 441
I Sex 441
C Development and Patterns 444
I Growth and Development 444
II Patterns 445
D Gymnosperm Glossary 447
I Vegetative and Reproductive Structures 447
E Lower Vascular Plant Glossary 448
I Sporophyte 448
II Gametophyte 452
III Asexual Reproduction 452
Suggested Reading 452
Appendix E Collection and Field Preparation of Plant Specimens 445
A Collecting Objectives and Planning 445
B Supplies and Equipment 456
C Selection of Material 458
D Pressing Plant Specimens 458
I Arranging and Preparing Specimens 458
II Arranging the Press 458
E Field Storage of Specimens 459
F Drying Field Collections 460
G Data to Accompany Specimens 460
I Field Notes 460
II Permanent Label 461
H Identification of Collections 461
Suggested Reading 461
Epilogue: Principles and Conclusions 463
A General Systematic Principles 464
B Constituent Element System 464
I Summary for Floristic Study 465
II Summary for Re visionary Studies of Plant Taxa 467
III Summary for a Paleoethnobotanical Study 468
C Conclusions 470
D A Perspective from a Taxonomic Fundamentalist 473
E The Major Goal of the Fundamentals of Plant Systematics 475
Questions on Fundamentals of Systematics 476
Exercises in General Systematics 476
Index 479
|
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| language | English |
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| spelling | Radford, Albert E. Verfasser aut Fundamentals of plant systematics New York, NY Harper & Row 1986 XIII, 498 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturangaben Plantes - Classification Plants Classification Systematik (DE-588)4128136-6 gnd rswk-swf Pflanzen (DE-588)4045539-7 gnd rswk-swf Pflanzen (DE-588)4045539-7 s Systematik (DE-588)4128136-6 s DE-604 HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=001399401&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| title | Fundamentals of plant systematics |
| title_auth | Fundamentals of plant systematics |
| title_exact_search | Fundamentals of plant systematics |
| title_full | Fundamentals of plant systematics |
| title_fullStr | Fundamentals of plant systematics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fundamentals of plant systematics |
| title_short | Fundamentals of plant systematics |
| title_sort | fundamentals of plant systematics |
| topic | Plantes - Classification Plants Classification Systematik (DE-588)4128136-6 gnd Pflanzen (DE-588)4045539-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Plantes - Classification Plants Classification Systematik Pflanzen |
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