Structures of ophiolites and dynamics of oceanic lithosphere:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Dordrecht [u.a.]
Kluwer
1989
|
| Series: | Petrology and structural geology
4 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Literaturverz. S. 321 - 358 |
| Physical Description: | XIII, 367 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0792302559 |
Staff View
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| 650 | 7 | |a Ophiolites |2 ram | |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | STRUCTURES OF OPHIOLITES
AND DYNAMICS
OF OCEANIC LITHOSPHERE
by
A NICOLAS
Department of Earth Sciences,
University of Montpellier, France
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS
DORDRECHT / BOSTON / LONDON
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I - INTRODUCTION AND ANALYTICAL METHODS
Chapter 1 Introduction 3
1 1 Historical development of the ophiolite concept 3
1 2 Interest of ophiolite studies 6
121 Ophiolites as key for the study of oceanic lithosphere and
asthenosphere 6
122 Ophiolites as markers of past plate tectonics 7
1 3 Scope and structure of the book 8
Chapter 2 Analytical methods in ophiolites 9
2 1 Introduction 9
2 2 The oceanic reference frame 9
221 The ridge referential 9
222 Ridge side of origin of a given ophiolite 10
2 3 Structural studies in the hypovolcanic and volcanic sequences 12
2 4 Structural studies in the plutonic sequence 13
241 Principal structures 13
242 Viscous/plastic deformation 13
243 Importance of viscous flow 20
2 5 Structural studies in the ultramafic section 20
251 Homogeneity of mantle structures 20
252 Principal structures 20
253 Melt products: evidence for segregation/impregnation 23
254 Microstructures in peridotites and kinematic analysis 24
255 Microstructural imprint of asthenospheric and lithospheric flow 27
256 Serpentinization and low temperature deformations 29
2 6 Expected asthenospheric flow patterns 29
viii TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART II - TYPICAL OPHIOLITE COMPLEXES
Introduction 35
Chapter 3 Oman ophiolite: the harzburgite ophiolite type 37
3 1 Introduction 37
3 2 Geological setting 40
321 Geodynamic setting 40
322 History of the Hawasina basin 40
3 3 General description of the ophiolite 46
331 Introduction 46
332 Mafic section 49
333 Ultramafic section 61
334 Metamorphic aureoles 67
335 High pressure metamorphism 68
3 4 Structure of the Oman ophiolite 68
341 Introduction-main structural events 68
342 Structures related to accretion at the spreading center 70
343 Structures related to oceanic thrusting and obduction 78
3 5 General interpretation of the Oman ophiolite 85
351 Introduction 85
352 Spreading rate estimation 85
353 Paleo-environment of origin and obduction history 85
Chapter 4 Xigaze and Trinity ophioiites-Plagioclase IherzoUte massifs:
the IherzoUte ophiolite type 91
4 1 Introduction 91
4 2 Xigaze ophiolite 91
421 Introduction 91
422 Geological setting 91
423 Description 94
424 Structural analysis 98
425 Geochemistry 100
426 Discussion 102
4 3 Trinity ophiolite 105
431 Introduction 105
432 Geological setting 105
433 Description 106
434 Structural analysis 111
435 Melt extraction and melt reaction 111
436 Petrology and geochemistry 112
437 Discussion 113
TABLE OF CONTENTS ix
4 4 The western Alps ophiolites 115
4 5 The spinel-plagioclase lherzolite massifs 120
451 Petrological zonation 120
452 Structural zonation 120
453 Structure and geodynamic environment 126
454 Contact metamorphism and nature of metamorphosed formations 126
Chapters Bogota Peninsula andN E districts of New Caledonia • Wadi
Tayin in Oman - Coastal Complex of Newfoundland: possible origin in
transform faults 127
5 1 Introduction 127
5 2 Bogota Peninsula and N E ophiolitic districts of New-Caledonia 127
521 Introduction 127
522 Geological setting 129
523 Description of the Bogota Peninsula shear zone 132
524 Description of the Tiebaghi-Poum-Belep shear zone 135
525 Discussion 140
5 3 Coastal Complex of Newfoundland 142
531 Introduction 142
532 Geological setting 145
533 Description 145
534 Petrology and geochemistry 148
535 Interpretation 148
5 4 Wadi Tayin massif in Oman 153
541 Introduction 153
542 Structural description 153
543 Discussion 153
5 5 Conclusion *55
551 The diversity of ophiolitic transforms *55
552 Dike orientation in transform zones 1 5 7
Chapter 6 Canyon Mountain ophiolite: possible origin in an island arc 159
6 1 Introduction 159
6 2 Geological setting 159
6 3 Description 161
6 4 Structural analysis 1 6 3
6 5 Petrology and geochemistry !64
TABLE OF CONTENTS
6 6 Discussion 166
661 Specific characteristics of the Canyon Mountain ophiolite 166
662 Structural models 166
663 Geodynamic environment of origin 167
PART HI - ACTIVITY OF OCEANIC SPREADING CENTERS AND THE
ORIGIN OF OPHIOLITES
Introduction 169
Chapter 7 Melt generation and extraction in mantle diapirs 169
7 1 Introduction 171
7 2 Melt extraction from the asthenosphere 171
721 Conditions of adiabatic melting 171
722 Asthenospheric path and the meeting with lithospheric conditions 173
723 Depth of first melting 175
724 Maximum depth of melt extraction 177
7 3 Physical mechanisms of melt extraction 177
731 Fraction of stable melt in a peridotite 177
732 Melt extraction 178
74A model of melt extraction by hydrofracturing 180
741 The model 180
742 Melt velocity within dikes, episodicity and duration of episodes 181
of melt extraction
743 Geochemical implications 182
7 5 Melt extraction by solid compaction and melt percolation in transition
zones of ophiolites !83
7 6 Focusing of melt extraction below oceanic ridges * 84
Chapter 8 The various ophiolites and their oceanic environments of
origin 187
8 1 Introduction 187
8 2 Harzburgite and lherzolite types of ophiolites - Role of spreading rate 188
821 Distinctive characteristics 188
822 Harzburgite and lherzolite types of ophiolites and mantle
partial melting 193
823 Harzburgite and lherzolite types of ophiolites and oceanic
environments 193
8 3 Island-arc, back-arc or mid-ocean ophiolites 199
831 Geochemical characteristics 199
832 Other criteria 200
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 9 Mantle flow, tithospheric accretion and segmentation of
oceanic ridges 203
9 1 Introduction 203
9 2 Mantle flow in the Oman ophiolite 205
921 Introduction 205
922 Homogeneous mantle flow away from the ridge-Relation with
seismic anisotropy 207
923 Channeling of mantle flow along the ridge axis 207
924 Mantle flow in transform faults 209
925 Mantle flow in diapirs 209
926 Mantle flow patterns beneath the Oman paleo-ridge 209
9 3 Mantle flow in the Trinity ophiolite and lherzolite massifs 210
9 4 Mantle diapirism and ridge segmentation 211
941 Introduction 211
942 Models of mantle diapirs 213
943 Return flow and thickness of the buoyant layer 215
944 Spacing of mantle diapirs and ridge segmentation 215
945 Stability of mantle diapirs 220
Chapter 19 Magmatic processes in the uppermost mantle at oceanic
spreading centers 223
10 1 Introduction 223
10 2 Principal characteristics of transition zones 223
10 3 Origin of the wehrlitic intrusions 224
10 4 Origin of dunites 225
10 4 1 Introduction 225
10 4 2 Field occurrences 226
10 4 3 Residual/magmatic origin 227
10 4 4 Mechanism of formation of residual dunites 233
10 4 5 Geochemical reequilibration 235
10 4 6 Conclusion as to the origin of dunites 236
10 5 Structure and origin of the chromite deposits 237
10 5 1 Introduction 237
10 5 2 Setting of chromite deposits 237
10 5 3 Structure of chromite deposits 238
10 5 4 Composition of chromite deposits 247
10 5 5 Origin of chromite deposits 251
Chapter 11 - Generation of oceanic crust 253
11 1 Introduction 253
xii TABLE OF CONTENTS
11 2 Lithology of ophiolites and seismic structure of the oceanic crust 254
11 3 Serpentinite sea-floor in slow spreading environments and LOT 258
11 3 1 Abyssal and ophiolitic peridotites 258
11 3 2 Serpentinized peridotites as sea-floor 258
11 3 3 Nature of the Moho 260
11 4 The plutonic section and the problem of magma chambers 261
11 4 1 Introduction 261
11 4 2 Origin of the layering in the plutonic gabbro sequence 262
11 4 3 Magma chamber models 263
11 4 4 Conclusions about magma chamber models 268
11 4 5 Plating of gabbros and diking at the roof of magma chambers 270
11 4 6 Initiation of a new magma chamber 272
11 5 Sheeted dikes and volcanic units 274
11 5 1 Introduction 274
11 5 2 Generation at rifts and ridges 274
11 5 3 Structural evolution of the volcanic-hypovolcanic units 277
11 6 Crustal discontinuities in lherzolite type of ophiolite and episodic oceanic
spreading 279
11 6 1 Variable basalt delivery along ridge-strike 279
11 6 2 Episodic basalt delivery in time 280
11 7 Early metamorphism in ophiolites and hydrothermal activity at oceanic
ridges 281
11 7 1 Introduction 281
11 7 2 Metamorphic-zonation in ophiolites 282
11 7 3 Relationship with the sequence of hydrothermal alteration in
oceanic crust 284
PART IV - EMPLACEMENT OF OPHIOUTES TROUGH SPACE AND
TIME
Chapter 12 - Ophiolites emplacement 289
12 1 Introduction 289
12 2 Ophiolite belts 292
12 2 1 Passive margins of continents 292
12 2 2 Active margins of continents 292
12 2 3 Collision belts 294
12 3 Emplacement-related features in ophiolites 294
12 3 1 Introduction 294
12 3 2 Ophiolite nappes and high temperature aureoles 294
12 3 3 Ophiolitic melanges and high pressure metamorphism 300
12 4 Mechanisms of ophiolite emplacement 300
12 4 1 Introduction 300
TABLE OF CONTENTS xiii
12 4 2 Thrusting on passive continental margins 303
12 4 3 Upheaval in the accretionary prism of active margins 308
12 5 Summary and concluding remarks 310
Chapter 13 - Ophiolite belts through time 313
13 1 Introduction : a reappraisal of ophiolites and their oceanic environments 313
13 2 Ophiolites generation and emplacement through time 313
13 3 Ophiolites as witness of pangean cycles 316
Bibliography 321
Index 359
|
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T15:40:23Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0792302559 |
| language | English |
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| physical | XIII, 367 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 1989 |
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| series | Petrology and structural geology |
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| spelling | Nicolas, Adolphe 1936-2020 Verfasser (DE-588)1089202954 aut Structures of ophiolites and dynamics of oceanic lithosphere by A. Nicolas Dordrecht [u.a.] Kluwer 1989 XIII, 367 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Petrology and structural geology 4 Literaturverz. S. 321 - 358 Géologie sous-marine ram Ophiolites ram Ophiolites Submarine geology Ophiolith (DE-588)4172633-9 gnd rswk-swf Ophiolith (DE-588)4172633-9 s DE-604 Petrology and structural geology 4 (DE-604)BV002103231 4 HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=001378927&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Nicolas, Adolphe 1936-2020 Structures of ophiolites and dynamics of oceanic lithosphere Petrology and structural geology Géologie sous-marine ram Ophiolites ram Ophiolites Submarine geology Ophiolith (DE-588)4172633-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4172633-9 |
| title | Structures of ophiolites and dynamics of oceanic lithosphere |
| title_auth | Structures of ophiolites and dynamics of oceanic lithosphere |
| title_exact_search | Structures of ophiolites and dynamics of oceanic lithosphere |
| title_full | Structures of ophiolites and dynamics of oceanic lithosphere by A. Nicolas |
| title_fullStr | Structures of ophiolites and dynamics of oceanic lithosphere by A. Nicolas |
| title_full_unstemmed | Structures of ophiolites and dynamics of oceanic lithosphere by A. Nicolas |
| title_short | Structures of ophiolites and dynamics of oceanic lithosphere |
| title_sort | structures of ophiolites and dynamics of oceanic lithosphere |
| topic | Géologie sous-marine ram Ophiolites ram Ophiolites Submarine geology Ophiolith (DE-588)4172633-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Géologie sous-marine Ophiolites Submarine geology Ophiolith |
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