Origin of sedimentary rocks:
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Englewood Cliffs, NJ
Prentice-Hall
1980
|
| Edition: | 2. ed. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XVII, 782 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0136427103 |
Staff View
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Origin of sedimentary rocks |c Harvey Blatt ; Gerard Middleton ; Raymond Murray |
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804116505922633728 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
PART ONE
AIMS AND METHODS
IN THE STUDY OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
ONE
INTRODUCTION
3
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 The Importance of Field Work in Sedimentology 4
vi Contents
1.3 Description of Outcrop Section 5
1.4 Sampling and Numerical Analysis of Data 6
1.5 Fundamental and Derived Properties of Sediments 9
1.6 Classification and the Interpretation of
Sedimentary Rocks 10
References 12
PART TWO
PHYSICS OF SEDIMENTARY
PROCESSES
TWO
THE GEOLOGIC CYCLE
17
2.1 Introduction 17
2.2 The Hydrologie Cycle 19
2.3 Geochemical Cycles in the Ocean 21
2.4 Modern Rates of Erosion 22
2.5 Variables Controlling Rates of Erosion 24
2.6 Rates of Uplift and Subsidence Compared with those
of Erosion and Deposition 29
2.7 Total Mass of Sedimentary Rocks 32
2.8 Rates of Sediment Recycling 35
References 38
THREE
SEDIMENTARY TEXTURES
43
3.1 Introduction 43
3.2 Frequency Distributions 44
3.3 Grain Size 55
Contents
3.4 Grain Shape 75
3.5 Interpretation of Size and Shape 80
References 85
FOUR
SEDIMENT MOVEMENT BY FLUID FLOW
90
4.1 Fundamentals of Fluid Flow 90
4.2 Flow in Pipes and Channels 97
4.3 Movement of Sediment on the Bed (Competence) 101
4.4 Rate of Bed Load Movement (Capacity) 108
4.5 Turbulence and Suspended Load 110
4.6 Sediment Sorting and Hydraulic Equivalence 116
4.7 Grain Orientation 121
References 124
FIVE
PRIMARY SEDIMENTARY STRUCTURES
127
5.1 Introduction 127
5.2 Classification 128
5.3 Origin of Stratification 132
5.4 Bed Forms and Flow Regimes 136
5.5 Ripples, Sand Waves, and Dunes 146
5.6 Antidunes 154
5.7 Structures Formed by Scour 155
5.8 Waves and Wave-Formed Structures 158
5.9 Tides and Tide-Formed Structures 167
5.10 Sedimentary Structures Formed by Wind 171
5.11 Sediment Gravity Flows 175
5.12 Penecontemporaneous Deformation 188
5.13 Biogenic Sedimentary Structures 193
References 197
PART THREE
TERRIGENOUS CLASTIC SEDIMENTS
SIX
GEOCHEMISTRY OF NATURAL WATERS
209
6.1 Introduction 209
6.2 Properties of Pure H20 209
6.3 Stable Isotope Studies 211
6.4 Ionic Hydration 213
6.5 Meteoric Waters 219
6.6 River Waters 219
6.7 Soil Waters 223
6.8 Marine Waters 223
6.9 Subsurface Waters 230
6.10 Oxidation-Reduction Potential (Eh) 238
6.11 Eh-pH Diagrams 240
References 242
SEVEN
WEATHERING PROCESSES AND PRODUCTS
245
7.1 Introduction 245
7.2 Physical Weathering 247
7.3 Organic Processes 250
7.4 Chemical Weathering 251
7.5 Clay Minerals 265
7.6 Relation Between Intensity of Weathering
and Clay Mineralogy 272
7.7 Caliche 273
References 275
EIGHT
MINERAL COMPOSITION
OF SANDSTONES
280
8.1 Introduction 280
8.2 Igneous Rocks 281
8.3 Metamorphic Rocks 283
8.4 Sandstones and Conglomerates 284
References 326
NINE
CEMENTATION AND DEEP DIAGENESIS
OF SANDSTONES
332
9.1 Introduction 332
9.2 Diagenetic Temperatures 332
9.3 Nature of Cements 336
9.4 Silica Cements 339
9.5 Calcium Carbonate Cements 345
9.6 Siderite Cement 349
9.7 Hematite Cement 350
9.8 Deep Diagenesis 352
9.9 Summary of Textural and Mineralogie Diagenesis 359
9.10 Areal Aspects of Cementation Patterns 359
References 362
TEN
CLASSIFICATION OF SANDSTONES
369
10.1 Introduction 369
10.2 Classifications 370
10.3 Importance of Detrital Clay 372
10.4 Terminology 373
10.5 Chemical Composition 376
References 379
ELEVEN
MUDROCKS
381
11.1 Introduction 381
11.2 Mineral Composition 382
11.3 Organic Matter 396
11.4 Sedimentary Structures 397
11.5 Chemical Composition of Mudrocks 400
References 405
TWELVE
POROSITY AND PERMEABILITY
OF DETRITAL ROCKS
410
12.1 Introduction 410
12.2 Fabric 410
12.3 Porosity 411
12.4 Permeability 422
12.5 Interlelationships between Porosity and Permeability 433
12.6 Conclusion 434
References 437
PART FOUR
CARBONATE ROCKS AND EVAPORITES
THIRTEEN
ORIGIN OF LIMESTONES
445
13.1 Introduction 445
13.2 Mineralogy 448
13.3 Carbonate Sand 451
13.4 Carbonate Mud 460
13.5 Carbonate Framework 464
Contents
13.6 Organic Matter in Limestones 466
13.7 Sedimentary Processes 467
13.8 In Situ Accumulation of Grains 468
13.9 Sedimentary Structures 470
13.10 Deep Sea Carbonate Sediments 474
13.11 Calcium Carbonate Deposition on the Land 479
13.12 Freshwater Lake Deposits 480
13.13 Classification of the Carbonate Rocks 482
References 483
FOURTEEN
LIMESTONE DIAGENESIS
AND D0L0MITIZATI0N
489
14.1 Introduction 489
14.2 Diagenetic Processes 490
14.3 Cement vs. Neomorphism 501
14.4 Silicification 503
14.5 Diagenetic Environments 504
14.6 Chemical Composition of Ancient Limestones 509
14.7 Dolomite—Introduction 510
14.8 Primary vs. Secondary Dolomite 512
14.9 Requirements for Dolomite Formation 515
14.10 Mechanisms of Dolomitization 519
14.11 The Evolution of Dolomite Fabrics and Porosity—Local
Source Dolomitizition 529
14.12 Detrital Dolomite 531
14.13 Dedolomitization 531
References 532
FIFTEEN
EVAPORITES AND NATIVE SULFUR
538
15.1 Introduction 538
15.2 Concentration of Brines 539
xü Contents
15.3 The Calcium Sulfate Minerals and Rocks 541
15.4 The Gypsum-Anhydrite Cycle 545
15.5 Compaction 546
15.6 Rock Salt and the More Soluble Marine Evaporites 547
15.7 Depositional Environments 550
15.8 Ancient Evaporites and Evaporative Drawdown 557
15.9 Native Sulfur 562
References 565
PART FIVE
OTHER SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
SIXTEEN
CHERT
571
16.1 Introduction 571
16.2 Texture of Chert 572
16.3 Field Relationships 575
16.4 Chemistry 577
16.5 Inorganic Precipitation 581
References 582
SEVENTEEN
PHOSPHATES
587
17.1 Introduction 587
17.2 Mineralogy 587
17.3 Modern Deposits 588
17.4 Ancient Deposits 589
17.5 Origin of Marine Phosphorites 591
17.6 Problems of Phosphate Genesis 595
References 596
EIGHTEEN
IRON-RICH ROCKS AND MANGANESE
NODULES
598
18.1 Introduction 598
18.2 Mineralogy and Mineralogie Faciès 599
18.3 Modern Environments of Iron Deposition 601
18.4 Phanerozoic Ironstones 603
18.5 Precambrian Iron Formations 604
18.6 Iron Formations and the
Precambrian Atmosphere 605
18.7 Manganese Nodules 608
References 610
PART SIX
ENVIRONMENTS AND FACIES
NINETEEN
FACIES MODELS
617
19.1 General Principles 617
19.2 Paleocurrents 621
19.3 Paleohydraulics 623
19.4 Environments 624
19.5 Classification of Faciès Models 627
19.6 Alluvial Fans 629
19.7 Fluvial Plains 632
19.8 Sandy Deserts 642
19.9 Lakes 648
19.10 Coasts (non-Deltaic) 655
19.11 Deltas 674
19.12 Terrigenous Shelf 688
19.13 Carbonate Shelf 696
xiii
xiv Contents
19.14 Slope, Rise, and Basin Plain 707
19.15 Trenches and Arcs 724
19.16 Ocean Ridges and Basins 729
19.17 Conclusion : Climate, Tectonics, and the Evolution of
Faciès through Time 732
References 738
INDEX
767
|
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| language | English |
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| spelling | Blatt, Harvey 1931- Verfasser (DE-588)136810306 aut Origin of sedimentary rocks Harvey Blatt ; Gerard Middleton ; Raymond Murray 2. ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall 1980 XVII, 782 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Roches sédimentaires Roches sédimentaires ram Rocks, Sedimentary Sediment (DE-588)4054079-0 gnd rswk-swf Sediment (DE-588)4054079-0 s DE-604 Middleton, Gerard V. 1931- Verfasser (DE-588)143839675 aut Murray, Raymond Verfasser aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=001344373&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Blatt, Harvey 1931- Middleton, Gerard V. 1931- Murray, Raymond Origin of sedimentary rocks Roches sédimentaires Roches sédimentaires ram Rocks, Sedimentary Sediment (DE-588)4054079-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4054079-0 |
| title | Origin of sedimentary rocks |
| title_auth | Origin of sedimentary rocks |
| title_exact_search | Origin of sedimentary rocks |
| title_full | Origin of sedimentary rocks Harvey Blatt ; Gerard Middleton ; Raymond Murray |
| title_fullStr | Origin of sedimentary rocks Harvey Blatt ; Gerard Middleton ; Raymond Murray |
| title_full_unstemmed | Origin of sedimentary rocks Harvey Blatt ; Gerard Middleton ; Raymond Murray |
| title_short | Origin of sedimentary rocks |
| title_sort | origin of sedimentary rocks |
| topic | Roches sédimentaires Roches sédimentaires ram Rocks, Sedimentary Sediment (DE-588)4054079-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Roches sédimentaires Rocks, Sedimentary Sediment |
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