Chemistry in two dimensions: Surfaces
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Ithaca [u.a.]
Cornell Univ. Pr.
1981
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| Edition: | 1. publ. |
| Series: | Baker nonresident lectureship in chemistry at Cornell University
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | 575 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0801411793 |
Staff View
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Chemistry in two dimensions |b Surfaces |c by Gabor A. Somorjai |
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| 264 | 1 | |a Ithaca [u.a.] |b Cornell Univ. Pr. |c 1981 | |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Titel: CHEMISTRY IN TWO DIMENSIONS
Autor: Somorjai, Gabor A
Jahr: 1981
Contents Preface 7 1. Surfaces—Favorite Media of Evolution 21 Principles of Operation 21 Some of the Unique Physical-Chemical Properties of Surfaces 25 The Surface of a Solid Is Heterogeneous on the Atomic Scale 25 The Heterogeneous Surface Is Covered with a Near-Monolayer of Adsorbate under Most Experimental Conditions 27 Two-Dimensional Phase Approximation 29 The Surface Free Energy Is Always Positive 30 Surface Dipole 34 References 35 2. Tools of the Surface Scientist s Trade 37 Sample Preparation 37 Generation of Ultrahigh Vacuum (UHV) and Controlled Pressures for Surface Studies 39 Principles of Surface Analysis by Electrons, Atoms, and Ions 40 Methods Sensitive to Atomic Geometry at Surfaces 45 Low-Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED) 45 Reflection High-Energy Electron Diffraction and Medium-Energy Electron Diffraction (RHEED and MEED) 54 Electron Microscopy 56 Field-Ion Microscopy (FIM) 58 Low-, Medium-, and High-Energy Ion Scattering (LEIS, MEIS, and HEIS) 60 Atomic Scattering and Diffraction 61 Surface-Sensitive Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (SEXAFS) 65 13
Contents X-ray and Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopies of Surfaces (XPS and UPS) 65 Ion-Neutralization Spectroscopy (INS) 70 Surface Penning Ionization (SPI) 70 Techniques Sensitive to Electron Distribution at Surfaces: Work-Function Measurements 71 Methods Sensitive to Chemical Composition at Surfaces 72 Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) 72 Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy (TDS) 77 Ellipsometry 79 Secondary-Ion Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS) 81 Ion-Scattering Spectroscopy (ISS) 82 Methods Sensitive to Vibrational Structure of Surfaces 84 Infrared Spectroscopies (IR) and Raman Spectroscopy 84 High-Resolution Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (HREELS) 86 Electron Tunneling Spectroscopy 87 Modeling of Surfaces 89 Model Calculations 89 Clusters 90 Techniques for Studies of the Dynamics of Surface Processes 91 References 95 3. Composition of Surfaces: Thermodynamic Guidelines and Experimental Results 100 Role of Surface Forces in the Control of Surface Composition 100 Surface Composition of Alloys from Model Calculations 107 Empirical Correlation 111 How the Surface Composition Is Measured 112 Experimental Data and Correlation to the Various Models Predicting Surface Enrichment 116 Surface Composition of Systems with Complex Phase Diagrams: The Au-Sn System 116 8 Phase 118 £ Phase 119 a Phase 119 Surface-Phase Diagram 120 Bimetallic Clusters 123 Effect of the Ambient Condition on the Surface Composition 123 References 124 4. Structure of Clean Surfaces 126 Results of Surface Crystallography Studies 126 (ionversion of the Dif f raction Pattern to a Surface Structure; 14
Contents Notation of the Surface Structures on Low-Miller-Index Crystal Planes 127 Surface Structures of Clean Low-Miller-Index Metal Surfaces 135 Surface Structure of Alloys 147 Structure of Low-Miller-Index Semiconductor Surfaces 148 Elemental Semiconductors 148 Compound Semiconductors 151 Structure of Ionic Crystal Surfaces 152 Structure of Oxide Surfaces 153 Structure of Molecular Crystal Surfaces 155 Structure of Inert-Gas Crystal Surfaces 156 Stepped, High-Miller-Index Surfaces 156 Nomenclature of High-Miller-Index Surfaces 162 Structure and Stability of High-Miller-Index Surfaces 162 Studies of Antiferromagnetic Phase Transformations by LEED 168 Surface-Atom Vibrations: The Debye-Waller Factor 169 References 171 5. Structure of Adsorbed Monolayers on Solid Surfaces 176 Introduction 176 Principles of Monolayer Adsorption 177 Principles of Ordering of Adsorbed Monolayers 181 Causes of Ordering 181 Degree of Ordering 184 Effect of Temperature on the Ordering of Adsorbed Monolayers 187 Effect of Surface Irregularities on Ordering 189 Unit Cells of Adsorbed Monolayers 192 Review of Ordered Adsorbate Structures 194 Introduction 194 Metals on Metals 195 Surface Structures of Small Molecules on Low- and High-Miller-Index Surfaces 209 Ordered Organic Monolayers 245 Surface Crystallography of Ordered Monolayers of Atoms 252 Effect of the Adsorbate on the Clean Substrate Surface Structure 252 Adsorption Geometry of Atoms 267 Surface Crystallography of Ordered Multiatomic and Molecular Monolayers 274 Coadsorption of Atoms 275 Dissociative Adsorption of Carbon Monoxide 276 Adsorption Geometry of Molecules 276 References 281 15
Contents 6. The Surface Chemical Bond 283 Introduction 283 Heats of Adsorption of Small Molecules on Solid Surfaces 284 Sequential Filling of Surface Binding Sites by Adsorbates 295 Temperature-Dependent Changes in the Character of the Surface Chemical Bond 299 Pressure Dependence of Chemical Bond Breaking on Surfaces 302 Effects of Surface Irregularities on Bonding 303 Effects of Other Adsorbates on the Bonding of Adsorbed Gases 305 Surface Compounds 306 Cluster Model of the Surface Chemical Bond 308 References 311 Appendix Tables 314 7. Energy Transfer in Gas-Surface Interactions 331 Introduction 331 T-V s Energy Transfer 336 Effect of Diatomic Adsorbates on the T-V, Energy Transfer 338 R-V s Energy Transfer 338 V-V s Energy Transfer 342 Gas-Surface Interaction Potential 342 Alkali-Halide and Graphite Surfaces 343 Metal Surfaces 344 Rainbow Peaks 345 Elementary Surface Processes: Introduction 346 Modes of Signal Detection 348 Analysis of the Molecular Beam Surface Scattering and Thermal Desorption Data 349 Adsorption 353 Surface Diffusion 359 Desorption 360 Surface Reactions 361 Corrosion Reactions 366 Catalyzed Surface Reactions 367 H 2 -D 2 Exchange 368 Dissociation Reactions 374 Exothermic Small-Molecule and Atom-Recombination Reactions 376 References 377 16
Contents 8. Catalyzed Surface Reactions: Principles 381 Catalytic Action 381 Selective Catalysis 382 Kinetic Expressions 383 Tabulated Kinetic Parameters for Catalytic Reactions 386 Large Surface Area 387 Surface Intermediates 389 Active Sites 392 Acid or Base Character of a Catalyst 395 Catalyst Additives 396 Deactivation and Regeneration 399 Some Frequently Used Concepts of Catalysis 400 The Business of Catalysis 402 Synthetic Approach to Catalytic Chemistry 405 Techniques to Characterize and Study the Reactivity of Small-Area Catalyst Surfaces 408 High-Pressure Reactors 408 Low-Pressure Reactors 409 References 412 9. Hydrocarbon Conversion on Platinum 479 Introduction 479 Structures of Clean, Single-Crystal Platinum Surfaces with Distinguishable Catalytic Activities 484 Structure-Sensitive Deactivation of Clean Platinum Surfaces during Hydrocarbon Reactions 486 Structure Sensitivity of the H— H, C—H, and C—C Bond Breaking of Clean Platinum Crystal Surfaces 488 Identical Reaction Rates for Single-Crystal and Dispersed Platinum Catalysts for Structure-Insensitive Reactions at High Pressures: The Ring Opening of Cyclopropane 493 Effects of Additives That Modify the Catalytic Behavior of Platinum 494 The Carbonaceous Deposit 494 Oxygen Additive to Platinum Surfaces 499 Reconstruction of the Platinum Catalyst Surface Structure under the Reaction Conditions 507 Building of Platinum Catalysts 510 References 514 17
Contents 10. Catalytic Hydrogenation of Carbon Monoxide 516 Brief History 516 Thermodynamic Considerations 519 Different Reaction Paths and Selectivity during the Hydrogenation and Insertion of Carbon Monoxide 525 Methanation 526 Methanol Formation 530 Polymerization Reactions 531 Formation of Oxygenated Organic Molecules 539 Insertion of CO Molecules (Carbonylation) to Form C 2 or C 3 Products 541 Research Directions in the Near Future 542 References 543 11. Photochemical Surface Reactions 545 Introduction, Photosynthesis, and the Photoelectrochemical Dissociation of Water 545 Photocatalytic Dissociation of Water Using SrTi0 3 Crystals 551 Studies of Hydrogen Photoproduction on SrTi0 3 Crystals 554 Studies of the Location of Hydrogen Production on Platinized and Metal-Free SrTi0 3 Crystals 557 Hydroxide Concentration Dependence of Hydrogen Photoproduction 558 Electron Spectroscopy Studies of the Active Surface Species for the Photodissociation of Water on SrTi0 3 Crystal Surfaces 560 Interaction of Ti 3+ Surface Sites with Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Water in Dark and in Light 561 Identification of Hydroxyl Groups on the SrTi0 3 Surface 563 Mechanistic Considerations 563 References 565 Index 567 18
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| isbn | 0801411793 |
| language | English |
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| physical | 575 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
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| spelling | Somorjai, Gabor A. Verfasser aut Chemistry in two dimensions Surfaces by Gabor A. Somorjai 1. publ. Ithaca [u.a.] Cornell Univ. Pr. 1981 575 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Baker nonresident lectureship in chemistry at Cornell University Chimie des surfaces Surface chemistry Oberflächenchemie (DE-588)4126166-5 gnd rswk-swf Oberflächenchemie (DE-588)4126166-5 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=001307144&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Somorjai, Gabor A. Chemistry in two dimensions Surfaces Chimie des surfaces Surface chemistry Oberflächenchemie (DE-588)4126166-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4126166-5 |
| title | Chemistry in two dimensions Surfaces |
| title_auth | Chemistry in two dimensions Surfaces |
| title_exact_search | Chemistry in two dimensions Surfaces |
| title_full | Chemistry in two dimensions Surfaces by Gabor A. Somorjai |
| title_fullStr | Chemistry in two dimensions Surfaces by Gabor A. Somorjai |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chemistry in two dimensions Surfaces by Gabor A. Somorjai |
| title_short | Chemistry in two dimensions |
| title_sort | chemistry in two dimensions surfaces |
| title_sub | Surfaces |
| topic | Chimie des surfaces Surface chemistry Oberflächenchemie (DE-588)4126166-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Chimie des surfaces Surface chemistry Oberflächenchemie |
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