Insect outbreaks:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
San Diego u.a.
Acad. Pr.
1987
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 578 S. Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0120781484 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804115751085277184 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Insect Outbreaks
Edited by
PEDRO BARBOSA
Department of Entomology
University of Maryland
College Park, Maryland
JACK C SCHULTZ
Department of Entomology
Pesticide Research Laboratory
Pennsylvania State University
University Park, Pennsylvania
ACADEMIC PRESS, INC
Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers
San Diego New York Berkeley Boston
London Sydney Tokyo Toronto
Contents
Contributors ix
Preface xiii
Part I INTRODUCTION TO OUTBREAKS
1 The Theory and Classification of Outbreaks
ALAN A BERRYMAN
I Introduction 3
II Hypotheses for Outbreak Causation 4
III General Theory of Outbreaks 5
IV Outbreak Classification 14
V Identifying Outbreak Classes 20
VI Comparison of Outbreak Classifications 24
VII Conclusions 25
References 27
2 Nonoutbreak Species of Forest Lepidoptera
RICHARD R MASON
I Introduction 31
II Defoliator Guild in Western Forests 34
III Organization of Defoliator Communit ies 40
IV Concluding Remarks SO
References 52
3 What Is a Forest Pest?
PHILIP J NOTHNAGLE AND JACK C SCHULTZ
I Is Being a Pest a Tactic? 59
II Examining the Forest Pest Literature 61
III What the Literature Tells Us about Forest Pests 62
IV What Is a Forest Pest? , 68
References 75
Appendix A: References Used to Construct Trait Matrix 77
iii
iv Contents
Appendix B: Species Found in U S Forest Service Damage
Reports but Dropped from Analysis 80
Leaf Eating as Mutualism
DENIS F OWEN AND RICHARD G WIEGERT
I Introduction 81
II Mutualism 83
III Some Evolutionary Dimensions 84
IV Some Ecological Dimensions 85
V Pruning, Pollarding, Coppicing, and Mowing 86
VI Effects of Leaf Chewing 87
VII The Saliva Question 90
VIII Divaricating Plants of New Zealand and Browsing by Moas 90
IX Conclusion 93
References 94
Part II COMMUNITY STRUCTURE:
NATURAL AND MANIPULATED ECOSYSTEMS
Insect Outbreaks and Community Structure
ANDREW REDFEARN AND STUART L PIMM
I Introduction 99
II Stability 102
III Resilience 108
IV Variability 124
V Summary and Discussion 128
References 129
Appendix: Scientific Names and Authors of Species
Mentioned in Table I 132
Community Structure and Folivorous Insect Outbreaks:
The Roles of Vertical and Horizontal Interactions
STANLEY H FAETH
I Introduction 135
II Community Ecology and Folivorous Insects 139
III Autecological Factors 140
IV Interactions 141
V Future Directions * 162
VI Summary 163
References 164
Contents v
7 Population Outbreaks of Introduced Insects:
Lessons from the Biological Control of Weeds
JUDITH H MYERS
I Introduction 173
II Hypotheses to Explain the Failure of Introduced Insects to Attain
Outbreak Densities 174
III After the Outbreak 187
IV Conclusions 189
References 190
8 Insect Pest Outbreaks in Agroecosystems
DAVID N FERRO
I Introduction 195
II Colonization 196
III Pesticides 204
IV Plant Resistance 211
V Conclusions 212
References 212
9 Agricultural Ecology and Insect Outbreaks
STEPHEN J RISCH
I Introduction 217
II Comparing Natural Systems,and Agroecosystems 218
III Factors Triggering Insect Outbreaks in Agroecosystems 224
IV Summary 232
References 233
Part III BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC FACTORS
IN INSECT OUTBREAKS
10 The Role of Climatic Variation and Weather
in Forest Insect Outbreaks
PETER J MARTINAT
I Introduction • 241
II Historical Background 242
III Mechanisms by Which Weather Causes Changes in Forest Insect
Abundance - , 244
IV Three Case Histories 247
V Methodological Problems 255
VI Problems in Drawing Inferences 255
VII Nature of Climatic Variability t 258
VIII Conclusions 262
References 263
vi Contents
11 Pathogen-Induced Cycling of Outbreak Insect
Populations
* PAUL W EWALD
I Historical Perspective 269
II Cycling versus Stable Regulation 271
III Evolutionary Considerations 282
IV Conclusions - 283
References 284
12 * The Role of Natural Enemies in Insect Populations
PETER W PRICE
I Introduction 287
II Enemies as Agents in Natural Selection 288
III Evidence from Attempts at Biological Control 289
IV Pesticides and Natural Enemies 291
V Population Models 292
VI Life Table Analysis 293
VII Experimental Studies 301
VIII Concepts of More Than One Population Equilibrium 303
IX Three-Trophic-Level Interactions 304
X Conclusions 306
References 307
13 The Role of Weather and Natural Enemies
in Determining Aphid Outbreaks
PAUL W WELLINGS AND AFG DIXON
I Introduction 314
II Models Incorporating Density Independence 314
III Aphid Life Cycles 321
IV Aphid Quality and Phenotypic Plasticity 321
V Weather and Aphid Numbers 325
VI Role of Natural Enemies in Limiting Aphid Populations 329
VII Population Dynamics 332
VIII Forecasting Aphid Outbreaks 336
IX Classifying Aphid Outbreaks 338
X Conclusions 339
References 340
14 Amino Acid Nutrition of Herbivorous Insects
and Stress to Host Plants
BRENT BRODBECK AND DONALD STRONG
1 Introduction 347
II Amino Acid Nutrition of Insects 349
III Target Amino Acids 351
IV Plant Stress * 354
V Summary 359
References 360
Contents vii
15 The Role of Drought Stress in Provoking Outbreaks
of Phytophagous Insects
WILLIAM J MATTSON AND ROBERT A HAACK
I Insect Outbreaks in Relations to Water Deficits 365
II Effects of Moisture Stress on Plant Traits 367
III Implications for Insect Epidemiology 381
References 394
Part IV EVOLUTIONARY CONSEQUENCES
16 Insect Population Dynamics and Induction of Plant
Resistance: The Testing of Hypotheses
ERKKI HAUKIOJA AND SEPPO NEUVONEN
I Introduction 411
II Inducible Resistance 413
III Studying the Influence of Plant Quality on Insect Populations:
Measuring the Effects of Food on Herbivores 414
IV Experimental Evidence of Rapid Inducible Resistance 421
V Experimental Evidence of the Effects of Long-Term Inducible
Resistance 423
VI Conclusions 427
References 428
17 Geographic Invasion and Abundance as Facilitated
by Differential Host Plant Utilization Abilities
J MARK SCRIBER AND JOHN H HAINZE
• I Introduction 433
II Red Pine Shoot Moth 435
III Hopvine Borer 447
IV Tiger Swallowtail Butterfly 452
V Promethea Silk Moth 458
VI Conclusions 462
References 464
18 Phenotypic Plasticity and Herbivore Outbreaks
PEDRO BARBOSA AND WERNER BALT ENSWEILER
I Introduction 469
II Phenotypic Plasticity and Numerical Increase 487
III Characteristics of Species Exhibiting Phenotypic Plasticity 492
IV Conclusions 495
References 495
Viii Contents
19 Genetic Change and Insect Outbreaks
CHARLES MITTER AND JOHN C SCHNEIDER
I Introduction 505
II Theory 506
III Short-Term Change of Gene Frequency and Numbers: Evidence 509
IV Genetic Change and the Historical Origin of Outbreak Status 518
V Summary and Conclusions 525
References 527
20 Evolutionary Processes and Insect Outbreaks
NILS CHR STENSETH
I Introduction 533
II Ecological Strategies and the Habitat Template: Implications
for Pest Outbreaks 536
III Pest Control of Species with Various Ecological Strategies 543
IV Coevolutionary Interactions 548
V Sexual Reproduction and Pest Control 553
VI Disregarding Natural Selection 556
VII Perspectives and Recommendations 557
References 558
Appendix: Minimizing r 563
Subject Index 565
Taxonomic Index 569
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| spelling | Massenvermehrung bei Insekten ger Insect outbreaks ed. by Pedro Barbosa ... San Diego u.a. Acad. Pr. 1987 XIV, 578 S. Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Insect pests nal Insect populations nal Insectes - Populations Insectes - Populations ram Insectes - Écologie Insectes - Écologie ram Insectes nuisibles Insectes parasites ram Insects - Ecology nal Ökologie Insect pests Insect populations Insects Ecology Epidemie (DE-588)4137380-7 gnd rswk-swf Massenvermehrung (DE-588)4169049-7 gnd rswk-swf Insekten (DE-588)4027110-9 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Pflanzenbefall gnd rswk-swf Insekten (DE-588)4027110-9 s Massenvermehrung (DE-588)4169049-7 s DE-604 Pflanzenbefall f Epidemie (DE-588)4137380-7 s Barbosa, Pedro Sonstige oth HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=000812491&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Insect outbreaks Insect pests nal Insect populations nal Insectes - Populations Insectes - Populations ram Insectes - Écologie Insectes - Écologie ram Insectes nuisibles Insectes parasites ram Insects - Ecology nal Ökologie Insect pests Insect populations Insects Ecology Epidemie (DE-588)4137380-7 gnd Massenvermehrung (DE-588)4169049-7 gnd Insekten (DE-588)4027110-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4137380-7 (DE-588)4169049-7 (DE-588)4027110-9 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Insect outbreaks |
| title_auth | Insect outbreaks |
| title_exact_search | Insect outbreaks |
| title_full | Insect outbreaks ed. by Pedro Barbosa ... |
| title_fullStr | Insect outbreaks ed. by Pedro Barbosa ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Insect outbreaks ed. by Pedro Barbosa ... |
| title_short | Insect outbreaks |
| title_sort | insect outbreaks |
| topic | Insect pests nal Insect populations nal Insectes - Populations Insectes - Populations ram Insectes - Écologie Insectes - Écologie ram Insectes nuisibles Insectes parasites ram Insects - Ecology nal Ökologie Insect pests Insect populations Insects Ecology Epidemie (DE-588)4137380-7 gnd Massenvermehrung (DE-588)4169049-7 gnd Insekten (DE-588)4027110-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Insect pests Insect populations Insectes - Populations Insectes - Écologie Insectes nuisibles Insectes parasites Insects - Ecology Ökologie Insects Ecology Epidemie Massenvermehrung Insekten Aufsatzsammlung Pflanzenbefall |
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