Aspects of language:
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
New York [u.a.]
Harcourt Brace Jovanovich
1981
|
| Edition: | 3. ed. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XVI, 352 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0155038729 |
Staff View
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804115664524279808 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
PREFACE iii
INTRODUCTION vii
1
SOME TRAITS OF LANGUAGE 1
Language Is Human 2
Language Is Thought and Activity 2
The Medium of Language Is Sound 3
Language Is Hierarchie 3
Language Changes to Outwit Change 4
Language Is Embedded in Gesture 5
Language Is Both Arbitrary and Non arbitrary 9
Language Is Vertical as Well as Horizontal 11
Languages Are Similarly Structured 12
Language Is Heard as Well as Spoken 14
Key Terms and Concepts 15
Additional Remarks and Applications 15
For Further Reading 16
2
LANGUAGE AS DISTINCTIVE SOUND 17
Phonetics and Phonology 18
Articulations 19
Prosody 25
Sounds in Combination: The Syllable 29
Phonemes and Allophones 30
Key Terms and Concepts 34
Additional Remarks and Applications 34
For Further Reading 35
3
SOUNDS AND WORDS 36
Systematic Phonemes and Distinctive Features 36
Word Shapes 42
Phonological and Morphological Conditioning 44
The Complexity of English Morphology 47
Key Terms and Concepts 49
Additional Remarks and Applications 49
For Further Reading 50
4
WORDS AND THEIR MAKE UP 52
Collocations and Idioms 53
Lexicon, Syntax, and Morphology 57
Lexical Morphemes: The Fabrication of Prefabs 59
The Make Up of Words 61
Crammatical Morphemes: Inflections and Function Words 66
Key Terms and Concepts 71
Additional Remarks and Applications 72
For Further Reading 73
5
THE STRUCTURE OF SENTENCES 74
Togetherness 76
Operators 77
Constructions and Constituents 78
Word Classes 81
Classes and Functions 87
Grammatical and Psychological Functions 89
Classes as Features 90
Sentences 90
Transformations 92
Deep Structure 95
Hidden Sentences, Higher and Lower 100
Syntax Beyond the Sentence 101
Key Terms and Concepts 104
Additional Remarks and Applications 104
For Further Reading 107
6
MEANING 108
The Segmentation of Reality 110
The Analysis of Meaning 114
Semantic Features 114
Field Relationships 117
Dynamic Relationships 119
Other Factors 120
Maps of Semantic Space 122
Words with Shared Features: Synonyms and Antonyms 123
Other Word Sets 128
Arbitrariness: Icons and Symbols 129
Key Terms and Concepts 131
Additional Remarks and Applications 131
For Further Reading 133
7
MIND AND LANGUAGE 134
Language and Thought 134
Language and Logic 136
Control by Language 138
The Whorf Hypothesis 139
Partial Escape from the Trap 141
The Semantic Differential 143
Control Through Language 145
Naming 145
Favorable and Unfavorable Naming: Epithets 146
Elevation and Degradation 148
Code Switching 149
Non neutrality in Grammar 151
Truth 153
Key Terms and Concepts 154
Additional Remarks and Applications 155
For Further Reading 157
8
GROWTH: THE CHILD AND THE RACE 158
Is Language Learned or Inherited? 160
Are Adults Innately Teachers of Language? 165
The Stages of Acquisition 168
The Grammars of Childhood 171
The Origin of Language 175
Preadaptation 178
Language and the Brain 186
Key Terms and Concepts 188
Additional Remarks and Applications 188
For Further Reading 190
9
VARIATION IN SPACE 191
Speech Communities 195
Non areal Communities 195
Areal Communities 203
Registers, Repertories, Roles, and Reputations 211
Registers 212
Repertories and Roles 216
Reputations 219
Analysis 222
Key Terms and Concepts 225
Additional Remarks and Applications 225
For Further Reading 230
10
VARIATION IN TIME 231
Where the Variants Come From 235
Speakers Errors 236
Hearers Errors: Reinterpretation 247
The Changing World 255
Bilingualism 257
Invention 260
How the Variants Are Reacted To 261
Resistance 262
Acceptance 265
Cumulative Change 266
Progress 268
Key Terms and Concepts 269
Additional Remarks and Applications 269
For Further Reading 272
II
WRITING AND READING 273
Writing and Speech 274
Convergence of Writing and Speech 274
Writing and Speech as Partially Independent Systems 278
The Efficiency of English Spelling 283
The Growth of Writing 285
Word Writing 287
Syllable Writing 288
Sound Writing: The Alphabet 290
Decipherment 291
The Future of Writing 294
Key Terms and Concepts 296
: Additional Remarks and Applications 297
! For Further Reading 298
j
12
LANGUAGE AND THE PUBLIC INTEREST 300
The Imposition of Language 301
Imposing a Dialekt 301
Imposing a Language 306
Constructed Languages 311
The Dictionary 312
Language and Empathy 316
Key Terms and Concepts 317
Additional Remarks and Applications 318
For Further Reading 319
REFERENCES 321
INDEX 335 .
|
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| discipline | Sprachwissenschaft Anglistik / Amerikanistik Literaturwissenschaft |
| edition | 3. ed. |
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| spelling | Bolinger, Dwight 1907-1992 Verfasser (DE-588)13687715X aut Aspects of language Dwight Bolinger ; Donald A. Sears 3. ed. New York [u.a.] Harcourt Brace Jovanovich 1981 XVI, 352 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Linguistica larpcal Linguistique Taalwetenschap gtt Linguistik Sprache Language and languages Psycholinguistik (DE-588)4127537-8 gnd rswk-swf Linguistik (DE-588)4074250-7 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4151278-9 Einführung gnd-content Linguistik (DE-588)4074250-7 s DE-604 Psycholinguistik (DE-588)4127537-8 s 1\p DE-604 Sears, Donald A. Verfasser aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=000766982&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Bolinger, Dwight 1907-1992 Sears, Donald A. Aspects of language Linguistica larpcal Linguistique Taalwetenschap gtt Linguistik Sprache Language and languages Psycholinguistik (DE-588)4127537-8 gnd Linguistik (DE-588)4074250-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4127537-8 (DE-588)4074250-7 (DE-588)4151278-9 |
| title | Aspects of language |
| title_auth | Aspects of language |
| title_exact_search | Aspects of language |
| title_full | Aspects of language Dwight Bolinger ; Donald A. Sears |
| title_fullStr | Aspects of language Dwight Bolinger ; Donald A. Sears |
| title_full_unstemmed | Aspects of language Dwight Bolinger ; Donald A. Sears |
| title_short | Aspects of language |
| title_sort | aspects of language |
| topic | Linguistica larpcal Linguistique Taalwetenschap gtt Linguistik Sprache Language and languages Psycholinguistik (DE-588)4127537-8 gnd Linguistik (DE-588)4074250-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Linguistica Linguistique Taalwetenschap Linguistik Sprache Language and languages Psycholinguistik Einführung |
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