General linguistics: an introductory survey
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London u.a.
Longman
1980
|
| Ausgabe: | 3. ed. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Longman linguistics library
2 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXII, 330 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0582553636 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a General linguistics |b an introductory survey |c R. H. Robins |
| 250 | |a 3. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a London u.a. |b Longman |c 1980 | |
| 300 | |a XXII, 330 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
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| 490 | 1 | |a Longman linguistics library |v 2 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Linguistique | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Taalwetenschap |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Linguistik | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Linguistics | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804115359169511424 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Prefaces v
System of reference x x
Transcriptions and abbreviations xxl
1 General linguistics: the scope of the subject
1.1 General linguistics as the study of language
II. l Language and languages i
1.1.2 Descriptive, historical, and comparative linguistics 3
1.1.3 The term philology 5
1.2 Linguistics as a science 6
1.2.1 Implications of the term science 6
1.2.2 Practical applications 7
1.3 The ränge of general linguistics 8
1.3.1 Levels of analysis 8
1.3.2 Language and communication 9
1.3.3 Phonetics, phonology, grammar, semantics 14
1.4 Semantics 15
1.4.1 Philosophical and linguistic interest in meaning 5
1.4.2 Word meaning 16
1.4.3 Sentence meaning 21
1.4.4 Extralinguistic context 21
1.4.5 Translation 23
General bibliography 26
Bibliography for Chapter 1 30
Notes to Chapter 1 32
Xiv CONTENTS
2 Theoretical and methodological considerations
2.1 Abstractions 35
2.i.i The Status oflinguistic abstractions 35
2.i .2 Structural linguistics: syntagmatic andparadigmatk
relations 37
2.2 Dialect, idiolect, style 39
2.2.1 Dialects as subdivisions of languages 39
2.2.2 Dialect mapping: isoglosses 42
2.2.3 Class dialects and Standard languages 44
2.2.4 Criteria for determining dialect Status 46
2.2.5 Linguistic tendencies affecting dialectal divisions 47
2.3 General and particular 5°
2.4 The structural treatment of lexical meaning 52
2.4.1 Lexical interrelations 52
2.4.2 Collocation 53
2.4.3 Semantic field theory 55
Bibliography for Chapter 2 5^
Notes to Chapter 2 60
3 Phonetics
3.1 Articulatory phonetics 63
3.1.1 The spoken foundation of language 63
3.1.2 Primacy of articulatory phonetics 64
3.1.3 The physiological basis of speaking 65
3.2 The organs of speech 67
3.2.1 The glottis 67
3.2.2 The supraglottal organs of speech 68
3.2.3 Nasalization 69
3.3 Segmentation: vowel and consonant 69
3.3.1 Segmentation 69
3.3.2 Vowels and consonants: transcription 7°
3.3.3 Vowels 74
3.3.4 Consonants 76
3.4 Acoustic phonetics 81
3.5 Plurisegmental features 83
3.5.1 The continuum of articulation 83
3.5.2 Glottal and supraglottal features 84
3.5.3 Stress 85
CONTENTS XV
3.5.4 Pitch 86
3.5.5 Voice quality 88
3.6 Phonetics in linguistics 90
Bibliography for Chapter 3 92
Notes to Chapter 3 93
4 Phonology
4.1 Speech and writing 95
4.2 Narrow and broad transcription: phonetics and phonology 98
4.3 The phoneme theory l01
4.3.1 The phonemic principle, phonemics °
4.3.2 Segmentalphonemes l01
4.3.3 Phonemic analysis of length and stress 05
4.3.4 Thesyllable 107
4.3.5 Tone phonemes
4.3.6 Juncturephonemes 3
4.3.7 Intonation 7
4.3.8 The classical phoneme theory I2°
4.3.9 Distinctive features: neutralization I21
4.4 Prosodic phonology 2^
4.4.1 Theory of prosodic analysis 25
4.4.2 Applications and illustrations l27
4.4.3 Polysystemic phonology 32
Bibliography for Chapter 4 ^
Notes to Chapter 4 3
5 Grammar: grammatical elements
5.1 Preliminary questions ^2
5.1.1 Uses of the term grammar 42
5.1.2 Formal grammar ^7
5.1.3 The basic units of grammar *
5 2 The sentence 46
53 The word ]4jj
5.3.1 Grammatical criteria of word Status 4
5.3.2 Phonological markers of the word unit 5
5 3 3 Variant wordforms
Xvi CONTENTS
5.4 The morpheme 55
5.4.1 The morpheme as the minimal grammatical unit 55
5.4.2 Morpheme variants (allomorphs) 55
5.4.3 Bound andfree morphemes: root and affix 158
5.5 The semantic Status of morphemes 163
Bibliography for Chapters 5 and 6 ^5
Notes to Chapter 5 l67
6 Grammar: grammatical classes, structures,
and categories
6.1 Syntactic relations ^9
6.2 Word classes ?
6.3 Immediate constituents 75
6.3.1 General principles: basic syntactic structures 75
6.3.2 Endocentric and exocentric: subordinate and coordinate 178
6.3.3 Word order and syntactic structure °°
6.3.4 Cross cutting of immediate constituents and word boundaries 81
6.3.5 Comparison with traditional practice 3
6.4 Grammatical categories ^3
6.4.1 Number, gender, case 83
6.4.2 Concord and government 86
6.4.3 Subject and object 89
6.4.4 Morphology in relation to syntax 91
6.4.5 Inflection and derivation 92
6.4.6 Grammaticalfunctions of stress andpitch features 96
6.4.7 Morpheme and category 98
6.5 Subclasses and irregularities 99
6.6 Grammatical semantics 2O3
6.6.1 Semantic correlations 2O3
6.6.2 Meanings of grammatical categories 2O4
6.6.3 Class meanings and structural meanings 2I2
6.6.4 Methodological implications 2I3
Notes to Chapter 6 2l6
7 Linguistic comparison
7.1 Historically orientated comparison of languages (comparative
and historical linguistics) 22°
7.1.1 The material 22°
7.1.2 Semantic changes 22^
CONTENTS XVÜ
7.1.3 The Indo European family 228
7.1.4 Other language families 229
7.1.5 The representation of correspondences 231
7.1.6 The neogrammarian thesis 233
7.1.7 Loan words 235
7.1.8 Analogy 237
7.1.9 Historical inferences 239
7.2 Typological comparison 244
7.2.1 General principles 244
7.2.2 Phonetic typology 24^
7.2.3 Phonological typology 247
7.2.4 Grammatical typology 249
7.2.5 Structural typology 25°
7.2.6 Historical changes in structural typology 253
7.2.7 Lexical typology 255
7.2.8 Summary 257
Bibliography for Chapter 7 25**
Notes to Chapter 7 2(
8 Recent developments
8.1 The current Situation 2 5
8.2 Transformational generative linguistics 266
8.3 Tagmemics 27^
8.4 M. A. K. Halliday: Systemic grammar ( Neo Firthian
linguistics ) 2^
8.5 Stratificational linguistics 2W)
Bibliography for Chapter 8 289
Notes to Chapter 8 292
9 Wider perspectives
9 1 Linguistics and anthropology 297
9.2 Linguistics and philosophy 302
9.3 Linguistics and psychology 3°4
9.4 Linguistics and language teaching: linguistics
and Communications engineering 3°7
9.4.1 Linguistics and language teaching 3°7
9.4.2 Linguistics and Communications engineering 3°9
XVÜi CONTENTS
9.5 Linguistics and literature 310
9.6 Outline of the history of linguistic studies in Western Europe 314
Bibliography for Chapter 9 320
Notes to Chapter 9 322
Index 324
|
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