Brutal force: the apartheid war machine
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
London
Internat. Defence & Aid Fund for Southern Africa
1986
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | VIII, 319 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0904759717 0904759725 |
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| adam_text |
BRUTAL
THE APARTHEID WAR MACHINE
GAVIN CAWTHRA
icfaf
INTERNATIONAL DEFENCE amp; AID FUND FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA
Canon Collins House, 64 Essex Road, London N1 8LR
May 1986
Contents
Page
PREFACE 1
INTRODUCTION 3
Part One - Strategy
1 RULE OF THE GUN
THE ROLE OF THE MILITARY UNTIL THE 1950s 5
Early Conflicts 5
Unified White Rule 6
The First World War 7
Suppressing Resistance 8
The Second World War 9
APARTHEID AND RESISTANCE 10
The Search for Alliances 11
1950s-Decade of Defiance 12
Sharpeville and Armed Struggle 13
THE MILITARY STRATEGY OF THE 1960s 16
Arms for Apartheid 16
Southern Africa - The Wars of Liberation 17
The Outward' Policy 20
'War of Low Intensity' 21
2 THE APARTHEID 'SECURITY' STRATEGY
APARTHEID IN CRISIS 23
Regional Crisis 23
Internal Crisis 25
•NATIONAL SECURITY DOCTRINE' 26
Towards a Total Strategy' 27
Spelling out the Strategy 30
MILITARY AND STATE POWER 31
'Rationalisation'of State Power 32
'National Aims' and State Policy 33
The National Security Management System 35
Intelligence Agencies 38
iii
Part Two - Forces
3 MOBILISING FOR WAR
PROPAGANDA AIMED AT TROOPS 42
SADF Publications 42
Ideological Training 44
THE MILITARY AND THE MEDIA 46
'Nullifying' Opposition 46
Tightening the Screws on the Press 48
Comics, Films and Songs 51
'THE BOYS ON THE BORDER' 52
Support Groups 52
Private Sector Participation 54
EDUCATION FOR WAR 55
Cadets and 'Adventure Camps' 55
The SADF and the Universities 58
GUN MANIA 59
4 CONSCRIPTION AND RECRUITMENT
WHITE CONSCRIPTION AND RECRUITMENT 63
Conscription of White Men 63
Recruitment of White Women 65
BLACKS IN THE SADF: CANNON FODDER' OR
PARTNERS IN DEFENCE'? 66
Targeting Coloured and Indian Men 67
Africans in the Apartheid Army 69
Segregation 71
CONSCRIPTION IN NAMIBIA 72
RESISTANCE TO CONSCRIPTION 73
IMMIGRANTS AND MERCENARIES 76
5 ARMING APARTHEID - TOWARDS A WAR
ECONOMY
THE BOOMING MILITARY BUDGET 81
SECURING STRATEGIC INDUSTRIES AND ENERGY
SUPPLIES 82
Manpower: Military and Private Sector in Competition 83
Key Points 85
Oil - A Munition of War' 87
iv
IMPORTED ARMS AND THE ARMS EMBARGO 89
The Arming of Apartheid 89
Violating the Arms Embargo 93
APARTHEID'S WAR ECONOMY 97
Armscor 97
Self-Sufficiency? 100
Electronics 101
Motor Industry 102
Arms Exports 104
NUCLEAR WEAPONS AND CHEMICAL WEAPONS 105
South Africa's Nuclear Industry 106
Chemical Weapons 109
6 STRUCTURE OF THE APARTHEID WAR
MACHINE
COMMAND STRUCTURES Ill
THE AIR FORCE 113
THE NAVY 115
THE ARMY 117
Commandos 119
SPECIALIST UNITS 121
Reconnaisance Commandos 121
Other Specialist Units 123
BANTUSTAN FORCES 125
THE OCCUPATION ARMY IN NAMIBIA 131
POLICE 132
THE CIVIL DEFENCE NETWORK 135
Part Three - Operations
7 REGIONAL AGGRESSION
REGIONAL STRATEGY 138
Constellation of States' 139
Destabilisation 140
ANGOLA 144
South Africa Invades 144
Destablising Independent Angola 148
Occupation of the South 150
v
FAPLA Turns the Tide of War 154
The Lusaka Undertaking 155
MOZAMBIQUE 160
Independence and the Establishment of the MNR 160
Direct Aggression 163
The Nkomati Accord 165
PATTERNS OF MILITARY AGGRESSION 168
Surrogate Forces and Sabotage 168
Raids and Assassinations 171
Border Incidents and Airspace Violations 173
NAMIBIA: OCCUPATION AND LIBERATION WAR
THE LIBERATION WAR 176
Apartheid and Colonialism 179
Angolan Independence and the Turnhalle Conference 180
The War 1975-80 181
Angolan 'Linkage' 183
The War 1981-82 185
The War 1983-84 187
Effects of the Lusaka Undertaking 189
Deepening 'Security' Crisis 191
MILITARY OCCUPATION STRUCTURES 193
The 'Operational Area' 194
Military Structures Outside the War Zones 197
CONSCRIPTION AND RECRUITMENT 199
'Namibianising' the War 199
The SWA Territory Force 200
Conscription 202
THE BATTLE FOR HEARTS AND MINDS' 204
Civic Action 205
Deteriorating Conditions 208
Atrocities 210
Church Reports 212
Rape and 'Disappearances' 214
Strategic Implications 215
THE BATTLE FOR SOUTH AFRICA
LIBERATION STRUGGLE 216
Armed Struggle 217
Mass Resistance 218
Legal Apparatus of Repression 221
Armed Force: Police and Army 223
DEPLOYMENT OF FORCES 226
Sealing the Borders: A Ring of Steel 226
Area War 228
Bantustans 234
Civic Action 236
URBAN AREAS 241
Suppressing Urban Resistance 241
The Army in the Townships 243
STATE OF EMERGENCY 247
Forces Deployed under the Emergency 250
Military and Police Operations 251
TABLES 257
BIBLIOGRAPHY 281
REFERENCES 290
DIAGRAMS
The National Security Management System 35
Composition of the SADF 63
Growth of SADF Personnel Strength 1960-85 65
Structure of the SADF 112
Composition and Role of the Commando Force 119
The South African Civil Defence Structure 136
MAPS
South Africa: The Bantustans 128
Angola 145
Mozambique 162
Southern Africa 170
Namibia 177
Namibia: The Operational Areas 195
South Africa: Military Deployment 224
South Africa: Area Defence Mobilisation 231
South Africa: State of Emergency 1985-86 248
vii |
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| spelling | Cawthra, Gavin Verfasser aut Brutal force the apartheid war machine Gavin Cawthra London Internat. Defence & Aid Fund for Southern Africa 1986 VIII, 319 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Apartheid gtt Militairen gtt Onderdrukking gtt Militärpolitik (DE-588)4065004-2 gnd rswk-swf Militär (DE-588)4039305-7 gnd rswk-swf Südafrika (Staat) Africa, Southern Military relations South Africa South Africa Armed Forces South Africa Military policy South Africa Military relations Africa, Southern Südafrika (DE-588)4078012-0 gnd rswk-swf Südafrika Kontinent (DE-588)4058393-4 gnd rswk-swf Südafrika (DE-588)4078012-0 g Militär (DE-588)4039305-7 s DE-604 Militärpolitik (DE-588)4065004-2 s Südafrika Kontinent (DE-588)4058393-4 g HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=000422976&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Cawthra, Gavin Brutal force the apartheid war machine Apartheid gtt Militairen gtt Onderdrukking gtt Militärpolitik (DE-588)4065004-2 gnd Militär (DE-588)4039305-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4065004-2 (DE-588)4039305-7 (DE-588)4078012-0 (DE-588)4058393-4 |
| title | Brutal force the apartheid war machine |
| title_auth | Brutal force the apartheid war machine |
| title_exact_search | Brutal force the apartheid war machine |
| title_full | Brutal force the apartheid war machine Gavin Cawthra |
| title_fullStr | Brutal force the apartheid war machine Gavin Cawthra |
| title_full_unstemmed | Brutal force the apartheid war machine Gavin Cawthra |
| title_short | Brutal force |
| title_sort | brutal force the apartheid war machine |
| title_sub | the apartheid war machine |
| topic | Apartheid gtt Militairen gtt Onderdrukking gtt Militärpolitik (DE-588)4065004-2 gnd Militär (DE-588)4039305-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Apartheid Militairen Onderdrukking Militärpolitik Militär Südafrika (Staat) Africa, Southern Military relations South Africa South Africa Armed Forces South Africa Military policy South Africa Military relations Africa, Southern Südafrika Südafrika Kontinent |
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