The foundations of bioethics:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
New York [u.a.]
Oxford Univ. Press
1986
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XVI, 398 S. |
| ISBN: | 0195036085 |
Staff View
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The foundations of bioethics |c H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr. |
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Record in the Search Index
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Titel: The foundations of bioethics
Autor: Engelhardt, Hugo Tristram
Jahr: 1986
Contents
1. The Emergence of a Secular Bioethics 3
Bioethics and the crisis in values 3
Bioethics: taking ideas seriously and reexamining cultural
assumptions 7
The place of philosophy 9
Secular versus religious bioethics 11
2. The Intellectual Bases of Bioethics 17
The problem of objectivity in morals 17
The nature of ethics 23
Some meanings of ethics 23
Looking for objectivity in ethics 26
Problems in justifying a particular moral viewpoint 29
Attempts to justify ethics: why they so often fail 32
On the brink of nihilism 37
Ethics and the resolutions of controversies: a closer look at the brink 39
Mutual respect, peaceable negotiation, and the way out of nihilism 44
The two tiers of the moral life 49
3. The Principles of Bioethics 66
Autonomy and beneficence: the conflict at the roots of bioethics 66
The will to morality and the problem of intersubjectivity 66
XIV CONTENTS
How Kant smuggled concreteness into moral principles 68
The sanctions for immorality 71
Giving authority and content to the principle of beneficence 74
Justifying the principles of morality 79
The tension between the principles 82
The principle of justice 84
The principles of bioethics 85
Rights and obligations 87
A right to do what is wrong 87
Fundamental and concrete rights and obligations 92
Absolute rights and obligations 94
Derivative rights and obligations 94
Prima facie rights and obligations 95
Deontological versus teleological rights and obligations 95
Utilitarian and other schemes for calculating rights and obligations 96
Positive versus negative rights and obligations 96
Conflicting rights and obligations 97
TEYK.U: the opacity of some problems to moral reasoning 98
Principles 99
The moral tensions in bioethics 100
4. The Context of Health Care: persons, possessions, and states 104
The special place of persons 104
A bias in favor of persons? 109
Potentiality and probability 110
An excursus regarding animals 113
Infants, the profoundly retarded, and social senses of "person" 115
Severely defective newborns: weakening the Protections of the social role of
person 117
Being a person: in the strict sense and in various social senses 119
Sleeping persons and the problem of embodiment 121
Split brains, transplanted brains, and the starship Enterprise 124
Owning people, animals, and things 127
States and their authority 135
Human biological versus human personal life: some summaries 145
Persons strictly 145
Human biological life 145
Animal life 146
Things 147
Corporate entities 147
5. The Languages of Medicalization 157
Shaping reality 157
CONTENTS XV
The four languages of medicine 164
Disease language as evaluative 165
Disease language as descriptive 175
Disease language as explanatory 176
Disease language as shaping social reality 184
The social construction of medical reality and the challenge of clinical
judgment 185
Seeing a problem as a medical, rather than as a legal, religious, or
educational problem 189
The democratization of medical reality: some conclusions 194
6. The Endings and Beginnings of Persons: death, abortion, and
infanticide 202
The definition of death 203
Bodies, minds, and persons 204
Embodiments 206
Living and dying with less than absolute certainty 207
The development of a whole-brain definition of death 208
Being there 210
Toward a higher-brain-centers definition of death 214
Abortion, härm to fetuses, and infanticide 216
The Status of zygotes, embryos, and fetuses 217
Wrongful life 220
Interventions on behalf of the fetus: cesarean sections, fetal surgery, and civil
commitment 224
Infanticide 228
Fetal experimentation and in vitro fertilization 236
The patient as person 241
7. Free and Informed Consent, Refusal of Trearment, and the Health Care
Team: the many faces of freedom 250
The patient-healer relationship 252
The profession 253
The patient as a stranger in a stränge land 256
Strangers and friends 258
Medical care from passing strangers 261
Free and informed consent 262
The right to be left alone 264
Three senses of freedom 266
Three senses of being informed 269
Making choices for others: three forms of paternalism 279
Proxy consent and the emancipation of minore 284
Research involving human subjects 290
xvi CONTENTS
Confidentiality 297
Suicide, euthanasia, and the choice of a style for dying 301
The right to be left alone and the context of death 302
Intending death, foreseeing death, and refusing treatment 307
Advance directives, proxy consent, and stopping treatment on the
incompetent 309
Suicide and assisted suicide 312
Euthanasia 316
The health care team 317
8. Rights to Health Care 336
The limits to justice as beneficence 336
Justice and inequality 339
The natural lottery 339
The social lottery 340
The rieh and the poor: differences in entitlements 341
Drawing the line between the unfortunate and the unfair 342
Beyond equality 343
Living with inequalities and tragedy 344
From macroallocations to microallocations and back 344
Higher-level macroallocational choiees 344
Lower-level macroallocational choiees 345
Higher-level microallocational choiees 346
Lower-level microallocation choiees 346
Conflicting modeis of justice 349
Health care Systems 354
Free market distribution of health care 356
Equal health care for all 358
Two classes of health care 360
Is the allocation of organs special? 365
Conclusions: creating rights to health care and making obligations to
care concrete 366
9. Reshaping Human Nature and the Pursuit of Virtue 375
In praise of Dr. Feelgood and the pursuit of health 377
Virtues and vices 382
The vision of a secular pluralist morality 385
Index 389 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Engelhardt, Hugo Tristram 1941-2018 |
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| dewey-full | 174/.2 |
| dewey-hundreds | 100 - Philosophy & psychology |
| dewey-ones | 174 - Occupational ethics |
| dewey-raw | 174/.2 |
| dewey-search | 174/.2 |
| dewey-sort | 3174 12 |
| dewey-tens | 170 - Ethics (Moral philosophy) |
| discipline | Rechtswissenschaft Philosophie Theologie / Religionswissenschaften Medizin |
| format | Book |
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| spelling | Engelhardt, Hugo Tristram 1941-2018 Verfasser (DE-588)119132419 aut The foundations of bioethics H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr. New York [u.a.] Oxford Univ. Press 1986 XVI, 398 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Bioéthique Medische ethiek gtt Éthique médicale Bioethics Delivery of Health Care Ethics, Medical Medical ethics Medizinische Ethik (DE-588)4074672-0 gnd rswk-swf Bioethik (DE-588)4006791-9 gnd rswk-swf Bioethik (DE-588)4006791-9 s DE-604 Medizinische Ethik (DE-588)4074672-0 s HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=000239616&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Engelhardt, Hugo Tristram 1941-2018 The foundations of bioethics Bioéthique Medische ethiek gtt Éthique médicale Bioethics Delivery of Health Care Ethics, Medical Medical ethics Medizinische Ethik (DE-588)4074672-0 gnd Bioethik (DE-588)4006791-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4074672-0 (DE-588)4006791-9 |
| title | The foundations of bioethics |
| title_auth | The foundations of bioethics |
| title_exact_search | The foundations of bioethics |
| title_full | The foundations of bioethics H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr. |
| title_fullStr | The foundations of bioethics H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr. |
| title_full_unstemmed | The foundations of bioethics H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr. |
| title_short | The foundations of bioethics |
| title_sort | the foundations of bioethics |
| topic | Bioéthique Medische ethiek gtt Éthique médicale Bioethics Delivery of Health Care Ethics, Medical Medical ethics Medizinische Ethik (DE-588)4074672-0 gnd Bioethik (DE-588)4006791-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Bioéthique Medische ethiek Éthique médicale Bioethics Delivery of Health Care Ethics, Medical Medical ethics Medizinische Ethik Bioethik |
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