Coupled ocean-atmosphere models:
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| Format: | Book |
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| Language: | English |
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Amsterdam [u.a.]
Elsevier
1985
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| Series: | Elsevier oceanography series
40 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XXIII, 767 S. Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0444424865 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Coupled ocean-atmosphere models |c ed. by J. C. J. Nihoul |
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| adam_text | Titel: Coupled ocean-atmosphere models
Autor: Nihoul, Jacques C. J.
Jahr: 1985
XI
CONTENTS
List of contributors...................................... V
Preface.............................................. ¡?
CHAPTER 1. A COUPLED OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE AND THE RESPONSE TO
INCREASING ATMOSPHERIC CO2
by K. Bryan and S. Manabe.................................. 1
Plan of the numerical experiments..............................
The equilibrium calculations................................. 3
Results of the switch-on experiment........................... 4
References ........................................... 6
CHAPTER 2. MODELLING THE ATMOSPHERIC RESPONSE TO THE 1982/83
EL NIÑO
by G.J. Boer .......................................... 7
Abstract............................................. 7
Introduction.......................................... 7
The model............................................ 8
The experiment......................................... 8
The divergent component................................... 9
Model climatology..................................... 9
The El Niño case...................................... 12
The rotational component .................................. 13
Concluding remarks...................................... 16
Acknowledgements ...................................... 17
References ........................................... 17
CHAPTER 3. SENSITIVITY OF JANUARY CLIMATE RESPONSE TO THE
POSITION OF PACIFIC SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES
by M.L. Blackmon....................................... 19
References ........................................... 27
CHAPTER 4. SUBSEASONAL SCALE OSCILLATION, BIMODAL CLIMATIC
STATE AND THE EL NIÑO/SOUTHERN OSCILLATION
by K.-M. Lau.......................................... 29
Abstract............................................. 29
Introduction.......................................... 29
Observations.......................................... 30
Dipolar oscillation in tropical convection........................ 30
Multiple-equilibria: Bimodal climatic state....................... 34
Air—sea interaction ...................................... 35
A hypothesis.......................................... 35
A simple nonlinear oscillator relevant to ENSO ...................... 36
Conclusion .................... ...................... 39
Acknowledgment........................................ 39
References ........................................... 39
Xll
CHAPTER 5. RESULTS FROM A MOIST EQUATORIAL ATOMOSPHERE MODEL
by M.K. Davey......................................... 41
Abstract............................................. 41
Introduction.......................................... 41
The model............................................ 41
Zonally independent forcing................................. 43
Zonally varying forcing.................................... 45
References ........................................... 49
CHAPTER 6. LARGE-SCALE MOMENTUM EXCHANGE IN THE COUPLED
ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN
by J.A.T. Bye.......................................... 51
Abstract............................................. 51
Introduction.......................................... 51
The surface shearing stress.................................. 52
Horizontal averaging...................................... 54
Consequences for the general circulation dynamics in the ocean and the atmosphere . 56
In the ocean......................................... 56
In the atmosphere..................................... 58
Oceanic meridional heat transport.............................. 58
Conclusions........................................... 60
References ........................................... 60
CHAPTER 7. CLIMATE VARIABILITY STUDIES WITH A PRIMITIVE EQUATION
MODEL OF THE EQUATORIAL PACIFIC
by M. Latif, E. Maier-Reimer and D.J. Olbers........................ 63
Abstract............................................. 63
Introduction.......................................... 63
The model............................................ 64
The wind field......................................... 65
The experiments........................................ 67
The spin-up experiment.................................. 68
The seasonal cycle..................................... 70
The 32-years experiment................................. 70
El Niño events......................................... 75
Discussion............................................ 80
Acknowledgements ...................................... 80
References ........................................... 81
CHAPTER 8. RESPONSE OF THE UK METEOROLOGICAL OFFICE GENERAL
CIRCULATION MODEL TO SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES
IN THE TROPICAL PACIFIC OCEAN
by T.N. Palmer......................................... 83
Abstract............................................. 83
Introduction.......................................... 83
Experiments .......................................... 85
Experiments a, b and c; a strong El Niño anomaly in the East Pacific........ 85
Experiments d-f; Rasmusson and Carpenter composite El Niño anomaly..... 92
Experiments g and e; the response to a warm tropical West Pacific SST anomaly . 100
Comparison of results with linear theory.......................... 101
Tropical response...................................... 101
XIII
Extratropical response................................... 102
Conclusions........................................... 105
Acknowledgements ...................................... 106
References ........................................... 106
CHAPTER 9. TRANSIENT EFFECTS DUE TO OCEANIC THERMAL INERTIA IN
AN ATMOSPHERIC MODEL COUPLED TO TWO OCEANS
by A.H. Taylor, D. Muir and N. Murdoch.......................... 109
Abstract............................................. 109
Introduction.......................................... 109
Model description....................................... 110
Experiments .......................................... 110
Results.............................................. 112
Discussion............................................ 118
Acknowledgements ...................................... 119
References ........................................... 119
CHAPTER 10. GCM SENSITIVITY TO 1983-83 EQUATORIAL PACIFIC SEA-
SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES
by M.J. Fennessy, L. Marx and J. Shukla.......................... 121
Abstract............................................. 121
Introduction .......................................... 121
Model and integrations .................................... 122
Results.............................................. 125
Acknowledgements ...................................... 129
References ........................................... 129
CHAPTER 11. THE GLOBAL CLIMATE SIMULATED BY A COUPLED
ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL. PRELIMINARY
RESULTS
by W.L. Gates, Y.-J. Han and M.E. Schlesinger....................... 131
Abstract............................................. 131
Introduction .......................................... 131
Overview of model....................................... 133
Atmospheric and oceanic GCMs............................. 133
Domain and solution procedure ............................. 133
Uncoupled models performance............................... 135
Results from an extended coupled integration....................... 139
Time-dependent evolution ................................ 139
Global climate distribution................................ 144
Concluding remarks...................................... 148
Acknowledgements ...................................... 149
References ........................................... 149
CHAPTER 12. FREE EQUATORIAL INSTABILITIES IN SIMPLE COUPLED
ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN MODELS
by A.C. Hirst...................................-...... 153
Abstract............................................. 153
Introduction .......................................... 153
Model and method....................................... 154
The atmosphere ...................................... 154
XIV
The ocean.......................................... 155
Coupling parameterisation................................. 156
Free mode analysis..................................... 156
Stability and dispersion.................................... 157
Case I............................................ 157
Case II............................................ 160
Structure of free modes.................................... 163
Conclusion........................................... 164
Acknowledgements....................................... 165
References............................................ 165
CHAPTER 13. AN ANALYSIS OF THE AIR-SEA-ICE INTERACTION
SIMULATED BY THE OSU-COUPLED ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN GENERAL
CIRCULATION MODEL
by Y.-J. Han, M.E. Schlesingei and W.L. Gates....................... 167
Abstract............................................. 167
Introduction.......................................... 167
Design of the coupled model experiment.......................... 168
Basic model......................................... 168
Initial and boundary conditions.............................. 171
Simulated SST and sea ice................................... 171
Uncoupled ocean control simulation........................... 171
Coupled simulation..................................... 172
Local upper-ocean heat budget analysis........................... 177
Discussion and concluding remarks.............................. 179
Acknowledgements....................................... 181
References............................................ 181
CHAPTER 14. OBSERVED LONG-TERM VARIABILITY IN THE GLOBAL
SURFACE TEMPERATURES OF THE ATMOSPHERE AND OCEANS
by A.H. Oort and M.A.C. Maher............................... 183
Abstract............................................. 183
Introduction.......................................... 183
Data............................................... 184
Data source and data distribution............................ 184
Data reduction and analysis................................ 188
Data problems....................................... 188
Results.............................................. 189
Sea—air temperature differences............................. 189
Temperatures averaged over the tropical belts..................... 189
Geographical distribution of trend in Ò?—Òä...................... 191
Possible impiications for the variations in global mean atmospheric temperature . . 191
Summary and concluding remarks.............................. 192
Acknowledgements....................................... 194
References............................................ 198
CHAPTER 15. MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF SENSITIVITY STUDIES WITH
ATMOSPHERIC GCM S
by C. Frankignoul....................................... 199
Abstract............................................. 199
Introduction.......................................... 199
The SST anomaly experiments................................ 200
XV
Univariate analysis....................................... 201
Multivaiiate analysis...................................... 202
The atmospheric response to the SST anomaly....................... 204
Discussion............................................ 208
Acknowledgements ...................................... 209
References ........................................... 209
CHAPTER 16. INTERANNUAL AND SEASONAL VARIABILITY OF THE
TROPICAL ATLANTIC OCEAN DEPICTED BY SIXTEEN YEARS OF SEA-
SURFACE TEMPERATURE AND WIND STRESS
by J. Servain, J. Picaut and A.J. Busalacchi......................... 211
Abstract............................................. 211
Introduction.......................................... 211
Data processing......................................... 212
Variability of SST....................................... 217
Variability of wind stress................................... 226
Discussion............................................ 228
Summary and conclusions................................... 235
Acknowledgements ...................................... 236
References ........................................... 237
CHAPTER 17. AN ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN COUPLED MODEL FOR LONG-
RANGE NUMERICAL FORECASTS
by Guo Yu-Fu, Wang Xiao-Xi, Chen Ying-Yi and Chao Jih-Ping............. 239
The principle of the model.................................. 239
Examples of a one-month prediction ............................ 246
Conclusion........................................... 247
References ........................................... 247
CHAPTER 18. ON THE SPECIFICATION OF SURFACE FLUXES IN COUPLED
ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN GENERAL CIRCULATION MODELS
by J.F.B. Mitchell, C.A.Wilson and C. Price ........................ 249
Abstract............................................. 249
Introduction.......................................... 249
The model............................................ 250
Results and discussion..................................... 251
Diagnosed fluxes...................................... 251
Errors in sampling due to the use of monthly mean data............... 256
Concluding remarks...................................... 257
References ........................................... 262
CHAPTER 19. IMPORTANCE OF COUPLING BETWEEN DYNAMIC AND
THERMODYNAMIC PROCESSES AT THE SEA SURFACE: THE LARGE-
SCALE, OCEANIC POINT OF VIEW
by B. Cushman-Roisin..................................... 263
Abstract............................................. 263
Introduction........................·................. 263
The subtropical front..................................... 264
Thermocline theory...................................... 266
Application to the North Pacific Ocean........................... 269
Discussion............................................ 272
XVI
Acknowledgements ...................................... 273
References ........................................... 273
CHAPTER 20. THE SIGNIFICANT TROPOSPHERIC MIDLATITUDINAL EL
NIÑO RESPONSE PATTERNS OBSERVED IN JANUARY 1983 AND
SIMULATED BY A GCM
by H. von Storch and H.A. Kruse .............................. 275
Abstract............................................. 275
Introduction.......................................... 275
Statistical assessment tools.................................. 277
January 1983 - Extraordinary with respect to its predecessors............. 278
Significant El Niño response simulation with the ECMWF GCM............. 282
The coincidence of the simulated and observed response patterns............ 284
Discussion: The linearity hypothesis............................. 285
References ........................................... 287
CHAPTER 21. RESPONSE OF A GFDL GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL TO
SST FLUCTUATIONS OBSERVED IN THE TROPICAL PACIFIC OCEAN
DURING THE PERIOD 1962-1976
by N.-C. Lau and A.H. Oort.................................. 289
Abstract............................................. 289
Introduction.......................................... 289
Model characteristics and experimental design....................... 290
Comparison of model results with observations ...................... 290
Global teleconnection maps................................ 290
Time series of tropical circulation indices........................ 296
Extratropical response to SST anomalies........................ 300
Summary and conclusions................................... 301
Acknowledgements ...................................... 302
References ........................................... 302
CHAPTER 22. ELEMENTS OF COUPLED OCEAN -ATMOSPHERE MODELS
FOR THE TROPICS
by A.E. Gill........................................... 303
Abstract............................................. 303
Introduction.......................................... 303
The ocean model........................................ 304
The sea-surface temperature anomaly............................ 306
The atmosphere model .................................... 307
Relation between the surface temperature and heating anomalies............ 308
Behaviour in the uncoupled model.............................. 310
Results for the coupled model................................ 311
Relating precipitation to SST................................. 314
Solution foi the one-dimensional non-rotating case.................... 317
Solutions for the one-dimensional rotating case: An ITCZ................ 319
Two-dimensional solutions for the tropics ......................... 322
Conclusions........................................... 325
Acknowledgements ...................................... 326
Appendix............................................ 326
References ........................................... 326
XVII
CHAPTER 23. THE MEAN RESPONSE OF THE ECMWF GLOBAL MODEL TO
THE COMPOSITE EL NIÑO ANOMALY IN EXTENDED RANGE PREDICTION
EXPERIMENTS
by U. Cubasch......................................... 329
Introduction .......................................... 329
The experiment......................................... 329
The model.......................................... 329
The data........................................... 329
The set up of the experiments .............................. 331
Results.............................................. 332
The tropics......................................... 332
The mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere..................... 337
Conclusions........................................... 341
References ........................................... 342
CHAPTER 24. SIMPLE MODELS OF EL NIÑO AND THE SOUTHERN
OSCILLATION
by J.P. McCreary, Jr. and D.L.T. Anderson......................... 345
Abstract............................................. 345
Introduction .......................................... 345
A coupled model with two equilibrium states ....................... 347
The model ocean...................................... 347
The model atmosphere .................................. 349
Oscillation conditions................................... 35O
Results............................................ 352
A coupled model that develops slowly propagating disturbances............. 356
The model ocean...................................... 356
The model atmosphere .................................. 357
Results for a cyclic ocean................................. 358
Results for a bounded ocean............................... 359
Summary and discussion ................................... 367
Acknowledgements ...................................... 369
References ........................................... 369
CHAPTER 25. THE RESPONSE OF THE OSU TWO-LEVEL ATMOSPHERIC
GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL TO A WARM SEA-SURFACE TEMPER-
ATURE ANOMALY OVER THE EASTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC OCEAN
by S.K. Esbensen........................................ 371
Abstract............................................. 371
Introduction .......................................... 371
Experimental design...................................... 374
The two-level OSU AGCM ................................ 374
The control integration.................................. 374
The experimental integration............................... 374
Approach towards equilibrium................................ 375
The local equatorial response................................. 377
The remote response...................................... 380
Geopotential height...............,..................... 380
Evaporation and precipitation.............................. 382
Tropospheric heating ................................... 384
Wind............................................. 384
Year-to-year variability .................................... 386
XVIII
Discussion............................................ 388
Acknowledgements ...................................... 389
References ........................................... 389
CHAPTER 26. A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF INTERMONTHLY CHANGES IN
SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES THROUGHOUT THE WORLD
OCEAN
by M.R. Newman and A.M. Storey.............................. 391
Abstract............................................. 391
Introduction.......................................... 391
Intermonthly local area sea-surface temperature anomaly changes — A global view . . 392
Intermonthly regional scale sea-surface temperature anomaly changes ......... 398
Conclusion........................................... 403
Acknowledgements ...................................... 403
Rererences........................................... 403
CHAPTER 27. MORPHOLOGY OF SOMALI CURRENT SYSTEM DURING THE
SOUTHWEST MONSOON
by M.E. Luther, J.J. O Brien and A.H. Meng........................ 405
Abstract............................................. 405
Introduction.......................................... 405
The model............................................ 407
The wind forcing........................................ 409
Results.............................................. 421
Discussion and conclusion................................... 432
Acknowledgements ...................................... 436
References ........................................... 436
CHAPTER 28. A MODEL FOR THE SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE AND HEAT
CONTENT IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN
by H. le Treut,J.Y. Simonot and M. Crépon........................ 439
Abstract............................................. 439
Introduction.......................................... 439
The mixed layer model.................................... 440
Modelling of an upper ocean basin.............................. 442
Comparison with data..................................... 443
Conclusions........................................... 444
Acknowledgments....................................... 445
References ........................................... 445
CHAPTER 29. THE ROLE OF THE OCEAN IN CO2-INDUCED CLIMATE
CHANGE: PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM THE OSU COUPLED
ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL
by M.E. Schlesinger, W.L. Gates and Y.-J. Han....................... 447
Abstract............................................. 447
Introduction.......................................... 448
Description of the model and simulations.......................... 453
Component atmosphere and ocean models....................... 453
Domain and solution procedure............................. 454
Simulations......................................... 454
Results.............................................. 457
XIX
Evolution of the global-mean temperature change................... 457
Global distributions of the COj-induced temperature change............. 459
Analysis of the climate response function.......................... 468
Summary and concluding remarks.............................. 472
Acknowledgements ...................................... 474
Appendix............................................ 474
References ........................................... 476
CHAPTER 30. ATMOSPHERIC RESPONSE OF A GENERAL CIRCULATION
MODEL FORCED BY A SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION
ANALOGOUS TO THE WINTER 1982-83 EL NIÑO
by Y. Tourre, M. Deque and J.F. Royer........................... 479
Abstract............................................. 479
Introduction .......................................... 479
Method and data........................................ 479
Results.............................................. 481
200-mb velocity potential................................. 481
Streamfunction at 200 and 850 mb ........................... 484
Zonal wind at 200 and 850 mb.............................. 488
Precipitation, vertical velocity (model) and OLR (observation) anomalies..... 489
Conclusion ........................................... 489
Acknowledgements ...................................... 489
References ........................................... 489
CHAPTER 31. THE RESPONSE OF AN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC MODEL TO
WIND FORCING
by M.A. Rowe and N.C. Wells ................................ 491
Abstract............................................. 491
Introduction .......................................... 491
The model............................................ 492
The temperature distribution............................... 493
The current distribution.................................. 495
Time-dependent response................................. 506
Conclusions and summary................................... 511
Acknowledgements ...................................... 511
References ........................................... 512
CHAPTER 32. A SIMPLE WIND- AND BUOYANCY-DRIVEN THERMOCLINE
MODEL (Extended Abstract)
by P.D. Killworth ....................................... 513
References ........................................... 516
CHAPTER 33. SIMULATION OF EL NIÑO OF 1982-1983
by S.G.H. Philander and A.D. Seigel............................. 517
Abstract............................................. 517
Introduction.......................................... 517
The measurements....................................... 518
The model............................................ 524
Results.............................................. 526
Summary............................................ 537
Acknowledgements ...................................... 540
References ........................................... 540
XX
CHAPTER 34. THE PHYSICS OF THERMOCLINE VENTILATION
by J.D.Woods......................................... 543
Abstract............................................. 543
Introduction.......................................... 543
The seasonal boundary layer................................. 546
Diurnal variation...................................... 549
Seasonal variation..................................... 549
The lower limit of the seasonal boundary layer..................... 550
The effect of advection on D............................... 552
Sources and sinks of potential vorticity........................... 554
Potential vorticity..................................... 554
The convection layer.................................... 554
Parameterizing diurnal variation............................... 555
Ventilation of the seasonal pycnocline ......................... 556
Sensitivity of ventilation to buoyancy flux and advection .............. 556
Ventilation of the permanent pycnocline........................ 557
The subduction of isopycnals................................. 559
Eulerian models ...................................... 559
The Langrangian correlation of mixed-layer depth and density ........... 559
A diagnostic study..................................... 561
Seasonal stratification along track 1........................... 563
Seasonal stratification along track 2........................... 564
Comment.......................................... 564
Regional variation of D.................................... 565
Observations of ß ..................................... 566
A theory for D....................................... 569
The seasonal catchment area............................... 573
A Langrangian interpretation of summer hydrographie profiles........... 573
Predicting D in ocean GCMs ............................... 576
Changes in the potential vorticity profile.......................... 577
Vertical shear in the pycnocline............................. 577
Seasonal variation of subduction depth......................... 578
Relative vorticity...................................... 579
Diabatic processes in the pycnocline........................... 580
Discussion............................................ 583
Upwelling and downwelling in the seasonal pycnocline................ 583
Water mass formation................................... 584
The source of thermoclinicity .............................. 585
Annual storage of heat and water ............................ 585
Modelling climate response to carbon dioxide pollution................ 585
Nutrients in the seasonal boundary layer........................ 586
Experimental errors.................................... 586
Conclusion ........................................... 587
References ........................................... 588
CHAPTER 35. PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENTS ON THE SENSITIVITY Ol
ATMOSPHERIC MONTHLY MEAN PREDICTION TO SEA-SURÍACE
TEMPERATURE SPECIFICATION
by R. Michaud, T.N. Krishnamurtiand R. Sadourny ................... 591
Abstract............................................. 591
Introduction.......................................... 591
The model............................................ 591
Numerical experiments.................................... 592
XXI
Discussion: Tropics and subtropics.............................. 606
Discussion: Mid-latitudes................................... 607
Conclusions and prospects .................................. 610
Acknowledgements ...................................... 610
References ........................................... 610
CHAPTER 36. THE PARAMETRIZATION OF THE UPPER OCEAN MIXED
LAYER IN COUPLED OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODELS
by C. Gordon and M. Bottomley............................... 613
Abstract............................................. 613
Introduction.......................................... 613
The mixed-layer model.................................... gjg
Experiments with climatological fluxes........................... 617
Experiments with modelled fluxes.............................. 620
Preliminary experiments.................................. 620
Experiment 1........................................ 623
March simulation...................................... 623
September simulation................................... 623
Seasonal range simulation................................. 629
Experiment 2........................................ 629
Conclusions........................................... 630
Acknowledgements ...................................... 634
References ........................................... 634
CHAPTER 37. STABILITY OF A SIMPLE AIR-SEA COUPLED MODEL IN THE
TROPICS
by T. Yamagata......................................... 637
Abstract............................................. 637
Introduction.......................................... 637
The model............................................ 638
Atmosphere......................................... 638
Ocean............................................ 638
Air-sea coupling...................................... 639
A necessary condition for instability........................... 639
Some simple solutions of the model equations....................... 640
Non-rotating case...................................... 640
Rotating case........................................ 642
The equatorial ß-plane................................... 644
Summary and discussion ................................... 653
Appendix............................................ 654
Estimation of a....................................... 654
Estimation of 7....................................... 656
References ........................................... 656
CHAPTER 38. NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS ON A FOUR-DIMENSIONAL
ANALYSIS OF POLYMODE AND SECTIONS PROGRAMMES - OCEANO-
GRAPHIC DATA
by A.S. Sarkisyan, S.G. Demyshev, G.K. Korotaev and V.A. Moiseenko........ 659
Abstract............................................. 659
Introduction.......................................... 659
Four-dimensional analysis scheme.............................. 660
Model numerical experiments................................. 663
XXII
Numerical experiments with the assimilation of Polymode programme data...... 666
Numerical experiments with the assimilation of the Sections programme data .... 667
Conclusions........................................... 672
References ........................................... 673
CHAPTER 39. EFFECTS OF VARYING SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE ON
10-DAY ATMOSPHERIC MODEL FORECASTS
by P.H. Ranelli, R.L. Elsberry, Chi-Sann Liou and S.A. Sandgathe ........... 675
Abstract............................................. 675
Introduction.......................................... 675
Models and experimental procedures ............................ 677
Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOG APS)........ 677
Sea-surface temperature analysis............................. 678
Systematic Error Identification System (SEIS)..................... 678
Initial conditions...................................... 679
Experimental procedures................................. 679
SST fields and surface fluxes................................. 680
SST fields.......................................... 680
Surface heat fluxes..................................... 681
Storm track comparison.................................... 687
Summary and conclusions................................... 693
Acknowledgements ...................................... 694
References ........................................... 694
CHAPTER 40. INTERANNUAL CLIMATE VARIABILITY ASSOCIATED WITH
THE EL NIÑO/SOUTHERN OSCILLATION
by E.M. Rasmusson and P.A. Arkin............................. 697
Abstract............................................. 697
Introduction.......................................... 697
Data and analyses ....................................... 699
Mean annual cycle....................................... 700
Evolution of ENSO ...................................... 707
1982/83 ENSO anomalies................................... 709
Concluding remarks...................................... 719
References ........................................... 723
CHAPTER 41. MODELING TROPICAL SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE: IMPLI-
CATIONS OF VARIOUS ATMOSPHERIC RESPONSES
by P.S. Schopf......................................... 727
Abstract............................................. 727
Introduction .......................................... 727
A simple thermodynamic model............................... 728
Eigenmodesand eigenvalues ................................. 730
Scaling of the thermal damping factors........................... 732
Conclusions........................................... 734
References ........................................... 734
CHAPTER 42. MODELS OF INTERACTIVE MIXED LAYERS
by E.B. Kraus.......................................... 735
Abstract............................................. 735
Introduction.......................................... 735
XXIII
The model equations...................................... 736
The effect of the atmospheric mixed-layer depth on the surface wind stress...... 738
The effect of sea-surface temperature changes on the atmospheric mixed-layer depth
and moisture content ................................... 742
The interactive evolution of the oceanic and atmospheric mixed layers in the source
region of the trades .................................... 744
Summary............................................ 747
Acknowledgements ..................................... 747
Appendix............................................ 748
References ........................................... 748
CHAPTER 43. A GCM STUDY OF THE ATMOSPHERIC RESPONSE TO TROPI-
CAL SST ANOMALIES
by M.J. Suarez......................................... 749
Abstract............................................. 749
Introduction.......................................... 749
The GCM and its climatology................................. 750
Results.............................................. 755
References ........................................... 763
List of participants to the 16th Liège Colloquium..................... 765
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| any_adam_object | 1 |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV000304497 |
| callnumber-first | G - Geography, Anthropology, Recreation |
| callnumber-label | GC190 |
| callnumber-raw | GC190.5 |
| callnumber-search | GC190.5 |
| callnumber-sort | GC 3190.5 |
| callnumber-subject | GC - Oceanography |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)12106307 (DE-599)BVBBV000304497 |
| dewey-full | 551.5 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 551 - Geology, hydrology, meteorology |
| dewey-raw | 551.5 |
| dewey-search | 551.5 |
| dewey-sort | 3551.5 |
| dewey-tens | 550 - Earth sciences |
| discipline | Geologie / Paläontologie |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)1071861417 Konferenzschrift 1984 Lüttich gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Konferenzschrift 1984 Lüttich |
| id | DE-604.BV000304497 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T15:11:59Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0444424865 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-000185930 |
| oclc_num | 12106307 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-188 |
| physical | XXIII, 767 S. Kt. |
| publishDate | 1985 |
| publishDateSearch | 1985 |
| publishDateSort | 1985 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Elsevier oceanography series |
| series2 | Elsevier oceanography series |
| spelling | Coupled ocean-atmosphere models ed. by J. C. J. Nihoul Amsterdam [u.a.] Elsevier 1985 XXIII, 767 S. Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Elsevier oceanography series 40 Interacao Ar/Mar larpcal Interaction mer-atmosphère - Modèles mathématiques - Congrès Mathematisches Modell Ocean-atmosphere interaction Mathematical models Congresses Mathematisches Modell (DE-588)4114528-8 gnd rswk-swf Meer (DE-588)4038301-5 gnd rswk-swf Atmosphäre (DE-588)4003397-1 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)1071861417 Konferenzschrift 1984 Lüttich gnd-content Meer (DE-588)4038301-5 s Atmosphäre (DE-588)4003397-1 s Mathematisches Modell (DE-588)4114528-8 s DE-604 Nihoul, Jacques C. J. Sonstige oth Elsevier oceanography series 40 (DE-604)BV000005192 40 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=000185930&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Coupled ocean-atmosphere models Elsevier oceanography series Interacao Ar/Mar larpcal Interaction mer-atmosphère - Modèles mathématiques - Congrès Mathematisches Modell Ocean-atmosphere interaction Mathematical models Congresses Mathematisches Modell (DE-588)4114528-8 gnd Meer (DE-588)4038301-5 gnd Atmosphäre (DE-588)4003397-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4114528-8 (DE-588)4038301-5 (DE-588)4003397-1 (DE-588)1071861417 |
| title | Coupled ocean-atmosphere models |
| title_auth | Coupled ocean-atmosphere models |
| title_exact_search | Coupled ocean-atmosphere models |
| title_full | Coupled ocean-atmosphere models ed. by J. C. J. Nihoul |
| title_fullStr | Coupled ocean-atmosphere models ed. by J. C. J. Nihoul |
| title_full_unstemmed | Coupled ocean-atmosphere models ed. by J. C. J. Nihoul |
| title_short | Coupled ocean-atmosphere models |
| title_sort | coupled ocean atmosphere models |
| topic | Interacao Ar/Mar larpcal Interaction mer-atmosphère - Modèles mathématiques - Congrès Mathematisches Modell Ocean-atmosphere interaction Mathematical models Congresses Mathematisches Modell (DE-588)4114528-8 gnd Meer (DE-588)4038301-5 gnd Atmosphäre (DE-588)4003397-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Interacao Ar/Mar Interaction mer-atmosphère - Modèles mathématiques - Congrès Mathematisches Modell Ocean-atmosphere interaction Mathematical models Congresses Meer Atmosphäre Konferenzschrift 1984 Lüttich |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=000185930&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV000005192 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nihouljacquescj coupledoceanatmospheremodels |