Methods in rock magnetism and palaeomagnetism: techniques and instrumentation
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
London [u.a.]
Chapman and Hall
1983
|
| Edition: | 1. publ. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XIV, 503 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0412229803 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Methods in rock magnetism and palaeomagnetism |b techniques and instrumentation |c D. W. Collinson |
| 250 | |a 1. publ. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a London [u.a.] |b Chapman and Hall |c 1983 | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Paléomagnétisme | |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Titel: Methods in rock magnetism and palaeomagnetism
Autor: Collinson, David W.
Jahr: 1983
Contents
Preface xiii
1 Rock magnetism and magnetic minerals 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Magnetic minerals 3
1.2.1 Iron and nickel-iron 3
1.2.2 The titanomagnetite series 5
1.2.3 The titanohaematite series 9
1.2.4 Maghemite 12
1.2.5 Pyrrhotite 12
1.2.6 Goethite 13
2 Initial magnetic susceptibility 14
2.1 Introduction 14
2.2 Diamagnetism and paramagnetism 14
2.3 Ferromagnetic susceptibility 17
2.4 Superparamagnetism 18
2.5 The Hopkinson effect 20
2.6 Measurement of initial susceptibility 21
2.6.1 Direct field measurements 21
2.6.2 Alternating field measurements 22
2.6.3 Ballistic methods 30
2.6.4 Calibration 32
2.6.5 Frequency dependence of susceptibility 33
2.7 Initial susceptibility of rocks 35
2.8 Anisotropie susceptibility 37
2.8.1 Introduction 37
2.8.2 Measurement of anisotropic susceptibility 39
2.8.3. General comments 54
3 High-field measurements 59
3.1 Introduction 59
3.2 IRM and Ba measurements 60
3.2.1 Coils 60
3.2.2 Electromagnets 63
vii
viii Contents
3.2.3 Iron-free solenoids 68
3.2.4 Measurement of IRM of single particles 70
3.3 Measurements of J¡, high field susceptibility and hysteresis
curves 70
3.3.1 Magnetic balances 70
3.3.2 The vibrating sample magnetometer 79
3.3.3 Torque magnetometers and measurement of rotational
hysteresis 89
3.3.4 Hysteresis measurements and loop tracing 98
4 High- and low-temperature measurements 104
4.1 High-temperature measurements 104
4.1.1 Equipment 104
4.1.2 Initial susceptibility 105
4.1.3 Curie points and 7¡ — ? curves 106
4.1.4 General comments 111
4.2 Low-temperature measurements 113
4.2.1 General 113
4.2.2 Low-temperature variation of N RM 114
4.2.3 Other measurements 115
5 Controlled fields and field-free space 118
5.1 Coil systems 119
5.1.1 Solenoids and single coils 119
5.1.2 Helmholtz coils 121
5.1.3 Multicoil systems 130
5.1.4 Coil control systems 134
5.2 Magnetic shields 138
5.2.1 Electromagnetic shields (alternating fields) 138
5.2.2 Magnetic shielding against static fields 140
5.2.3 Superconducting shields 152
6 Miscellaneous techniques 154
6.1 Separation methods 154
6.1.1 Non-magnetic methods 154
6.1.2 Magnetic methods 157
6.2 Colloid techniques 162
6.3 Piezomagnetism and shock effects 164
6.4 Viscous rémanent magnetization 170
6.5 Anhysteretic rémanent magnetization 175
6.6 Depositional rémanent magnetization 177
7 A brief review of palaeomagnetism 182
7.1 Primary magnetization 182
7.2 Secondary magnetization 184
Contents ix
7.3 Palaeomagnetic surveys and interpretation 186
7.4 Other aspects of palaeomagnetism 186
8 The sampling of rocks for palaeomagnetism 189
8.1 General 189
8.2 Sampling techniques 192
8.2.1 Rock sampling 192
8.2.2 Lake sediments 195
8.2.3 Sampling for archaeomagnetism 197
8.2.4 Soft sediments, muds, etc. 198
8.2.5 Sample preparation in the laboratory 200
8.3 Orientation methods 201
8.3.1 Hand samples 201
8.3.2 Field-drilled cores 204
8.3.3 The Sun compass 205
9 Measurement of the NRM of rocks 208
9.1 Magnetization of rock samples 208
9.1.1 Introduction 208
9.1.2 Magnetic field of non-spherical samples 210
9.1.3 Inhomogeneity of magnetization 219
9.1.4 Other considerations 220
9.1.5 Historical development of rock magnetometers 223
9.2 Magnetostatic instruments 225
9.2.1 The astatic magnetometer 225
9.2.2 Parastatic systems 235
9.2.3 Application of feedback 239
9.2.4 Calibration and measurement of NRM 242
9.2.5 Use of fluxgate sensors 249
9.3 Spinner magnetometers 250
9.3.1 General design features 250
9.3.2 Development of spinner magnetometers 258
9.3.3 Calibration and measurement 262
9.4 The cryogenic magnetometer 268
9.4.1 Operating principle 268
9.4.2 The SCT and CCL cryogenic magnetometers 270
9.4.3 Other cryogenic magnetometers 275
9.4.4 Reliability of weak NRM measurements 277
9.5 Other magnetometers 278
9.5.1 Archaeomagnetic instruments 278
9.5.2 Long-core measurements 279
9.5.3 Ballistic magnetometers 284
9.5.4 Experimental magnetometers 287
9.6 Small-scale magnetometers 292
9.7 Measurement of NRM in the field 297
÷ Contents
10 Field and laboratory stability tests 299
10.1 Field tests 299
10.1.1 Observational data 299
10.1.2 Fold test 301
10.1.3 Conglomerate test 302
10.1.4 Baked contacts 305
10.1.5 Magnetic profiles 305
10.2 Laboratory stability tests 305
11 Magnetic cleaning techniques 308
11.1 Alternating field cleaning 308
11.1.1 Introduction 308
11.1.2 Practical considerations 311
11.1.3 a.f. demagnetizing equipment 323
11.1.4 Some aspects of a.f. demagnetization 329
11.2 Thermal demagnetization 335
11.2.1 Introduction 335
11.2.2 Zero field cleaning 336
11.2.3 Stepwise thermal demagnetization 338
.2.4 Continuous demagnetization 345
.2.5 General comments 351
11.3 Other cleaning techniques 353
.3.1 Chemical demagnetization 353
.3.2 Low-temperature demagnetization 356
.3.3 Pressure demagnetization 358
12 Presentation and treatment of data 360
12.1 Presentation of NRM directions 360
12.2 Demagnetization data and their interpretation 364
12.2.1 Analysis of demagnetization data 367
12.2.2 Stability indices 379
12.3 Statistics 386
12.3.1 Mean NRM direction, precision and circle of
confidence 387
12.3.2 Testing goodness of fit 389
12.3.3 Test of randomness 391
12.3.4 Combination of observations from a rock unit 392
12.3.5 Statistical significance of the fold test 393
12.3.6 Calculation of pole positions 394
13 Identification of magnetic minerals and carriers of NRM 399
13.1 Introduction 399
13.2 Thermal analysis 400
13.3 Chemical methods 402
13.4 The depositional magnetization technique 405
Contents xi
13.5 Additional data on magnetic minerals
13.6 The magnetic state of magnetic minerals
14 Intensity of NRM
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Sediments
14.3 Igneous rocks
14.4 Palaeointensity techniques
14.4.1 Introduction
14.4.2 The Thellier-Thellier method
14.4.3 Single-heating methods
14.4.4 Mineralogical alteration
14.4.5 Anhysteretic rémanent magnetization methods
14.4.6 Presentation of data
Appendix 1 Conversion factors between SI and c.g.s. units
Appendix 2 Demagnetizing factor of ellipsoids
Appendix 3 Copper wire data
Appendix 4 Preparation of colloidal magnetite
Appendix 5 Correction of NRM directions to field reference
systems
Appendix 6 Measurement of the magnetic field in a coil
Appendix 7 The off-centre measurement method with the
astatic magnetometer - correction terms for cyl-
indrical samples and the upper magnet
Appendix 8 Detection of mains asymmetry
References
407
414
418
418
419
422
423
423
425
432
435
438
443
446
448
450
451
452
456
458
460
Index
501
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Collinson, D. W. |
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| dewey-full | 538/.7 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 538 - Magnetism |
| dewey-raw | 538/.7 |
| dewey-search | 538/.7 |
| dewey-sort | 3538 17 |
| dewey-tens | 530 - Physics |
| discipline | Physik |
| edition | 1. publ. |
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| spelling | Collinson, D. W. Verfasser (DE-588)125840136 aut Methods in rock magnetism and palaeomagnetism techniques and instrumentation D. W. Collinson 1. publ. London [u.a.] Chapman and Hall 1983 XIV, 503 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Paléomagnétisme Roches - Propriétés magnétiques Paleomagnetism Rocks Magnetic properties Paläomagnetismus (DE-588)4173115-3 gnd rswk-swf Methode (DE-588)4038971-6 gnd rswk-swf Gesteinsmagnetismus (DE-588)4157158-7 gnd rswk-swf Gesteinsmagnetismus (DE-588)4157158-7 s Methode (DE-588)4038971-6 s DE-604 Paläomagnetismus (DE-588)4173115-3 s HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=000090389&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Collinson, D. W. Methods in rock magnetism and palaeomagnetism techniques and instrumentation Paléomagnétisme Roches - Propriétés magnétiques Paleomagnetism Rocks Magnetic properties Paläomagnetismus (DE-588)4173115-3 gnd Methode (DE-588)4038971-6 gnd Gesteinsmagnetismus (DE-588)4157158-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4173115-3 (DE-588)4038971-6 (DE-588)4157158-7 |
| title | Methods in rock magnetism and palaeomagnetism techniques and instrumentation |
| title_auth | Methods in rock magnetism and palaeomagnetism techniques and instrumentation |
| title_exact_search | Methods in rock magnetism and palaeomagnetism techniques and instrumentation |
| title_full | Methods in rock magnetism and palaeomagnetism techniques and instrumentation D. W. Collinson |
| title_fullStr | Methods in rock magnetism and palaeomagnetism techniques and instrumentation D. W. Collinson |
| title_full_unstemmed | Methods in rock magnetism and palaeomagnetism techniques and instrumentation D. W. Collinson |
| title_short | Methods in rock magnetism and palaeomagnetism |
| title_sort | methods in rock magnetism and palaeomagnetism techniques and instrumentation |
| title_sub | techniques and instrumentation |
| topic | Paléomagnétisme Roches - Propriétés magnétiques Paleomagnetism Rocks Magnetic properties Paläomagnetismus (DE-588)4173115-3 gnd Methode (DE-588)4038971-6 gnd Gesteinsmagnetismus (DE-588)4157158-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Paléomagnétisme Roches - Propriétés magnétiques Paleomagnetism Rocks Magnetic properties Paläomagnetismus Methode Gesteinsmagnetismus |
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