Saline and sodic soils: principles, dynamics, modeling
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Berlin u.a.
Springer
1982
|
| Series: | Advanced series in agricultural sciences
10 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | X, 236 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 3540111204 0387111204 |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Titel: Saline and sodic soils
Autor: Bresler, Eshel
Jahr: 1982
Contents
Part 1 Diagnosis and Properties
1.1 Sources of Salts.................... 1
1.1.1 Rainfall..................... 1
1.1.2 Mineral Weathering................ 3
1.1.3 Fossil Salts ................... 6
1.1.4 Man s Activities................. 7
1.2 Some Water Quality and Soil Solution Parameters..... 7
1.2.1 Common Water Quality Parameters......... 7
1.2.1.1 Total Salt Concentration.......... 8
1.2.1.2 Electrical Conductivity (EC)......... 9
1.2.1.3 Chemical Analyses............. 13
1.2.1.4 Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR)....... 14
1.2.1.5 Langelier Index (pHc) ........... 22
1.2.1.6 Specific Ion Hazards............ 27
1.2.2 Physical Characterization of Soil Water....... 28
1.2.2.1 Soil Water Potential............ 28
1.2.2.2 Pressure and Head Equivalents of Soil Water
Potential................. 28
1.2.2.3 Water (Solution) Retentivity Curve...... 29
1.2.2.4 Modeling of the Soil-Water-Salt Retentivity
Function h(0, C, R)............ 30
1.2.3 Simplified Interactions of Irrigation Waters and Rainfall
with Soils.................... 31
1.2.3.1 Basic Concentration and Displacement Processes 31
1.2.3.2 Ion Exchange Phenomena.......... 33
1.2.3.3 Dissolving and Precipitation of Minerals ... 34
1.3 Surface Phenomena of Salt-Affected Soils......... 35
1.3.1 Soil Minerals and Their Properties......... 35
1.3.1.1 Common Soil Minerals........... 35
1.3.1.2 Some Relevant Surface Properties of Soils ... 37
1.3.1.3 Water Retention and Swelling........ 38
1.3.1.4 Effects of Salts on Soil Hydraulic Parameters . 46
1.3.1.5 Modeling of Hydraulic Conductivity K(0,R,C)
Based upon Soil Water Retentivity...... 51
.y.,. Contents
1.3.2 Ion Exchange and Exclusion............ 53
1.3.2.1 Mass Action Approaches.......... 53
1.3.2.2 Diffuse Double Layer Approach....... 54
1.3.2.3 The Gapon Equation............ 57
1.3.2.4 Modeling of Na-Ca Exchange Equilibria ... 59
1.3.2.5 Anion Exclusion.............. 61
1.3.2.6 Modeling of Anion Exclusion........ 63
1.3.2.7 Estimating the Osmotic Efficiency Coefficient
Function a(9, c).............. 66
1.3.3 Retention of Uncharged Solutes.......... 67
1.4 Salt Dissolution and Precipitation............ 71
1.4.1 Primary Minerals................. 71
1.4.2 Carbonate Minerals................ 71
1.4.3 Evaporite Minerals................ 74
1.5 Diagnosis of Salinity Problems ............. 75
1.5.1 Diagnostic Parameters............... 75
1.5.2 Saline Conditions................. 76
1.5.3 Sodic Conditions................. 76
1.5.4 Other Salinity Problems.............. 77
Part 2 Transportation and Distribution of Salts
2.1 Water Movement Processes............... 79
2.1.1 Flow of Viscous Fluid............... 79
2.1.2 Darcy s Equation................. 80
2.1.3 Unsteady (Transient) Water Flow.......... 81
2.1.4 Vapor Flow................... 81
2.1.5 Infiltration of Water into Soils........... 82
2.1.6 Redistribution of Soil Water............ 84
2.2 Salt Transport in Soils................. 85
2.2.1 Transport by Diffusion Without Solution Flow .... 85
2.2.2 Transport of Salt by Convection.......... 86
2.2.3 Combined Effects of Diffusion and Convection on Salt
Transport.................... 88
2.2.4 Miscible Displacement in Soils........... 89
2.2.5 Solute Reflection During Water Flow........ 91
2.2.6 Solute Chromatography in Soils.......... 94
2.2.6.1 Qualitative Description........... 94
2.2.6.2 Quantitative Description of Chromatographic
Processes................. 95
2.2.6.3 Application of Chromatographic Theories to
Soil Systems................ 97
Contents IX
2.2.7 Effects of Salinity on Soil Water Transmission Rates . 98
2.2.7.1 Effects of Salt Concentration Gradients .... 98
2.2.7.2 Modified Solution Flux Equation ......100
2.3 Modeling of Salt-Flow Phenomena............101
2.3.1 Mathematical and Numerical Models........101
2.3.2 Mathematical Modeling of Transport Phenomena in Soils 102
2.3.3 Numerical Methods Applied to Transient Flow Problems 103
2.3.3.1 Finite-Difference Methods..........103
2.3.3.2 Finite Element Method...........Ill
2.3.4 Salt Dynamics and Distribution in Fallow Soils . . . .116
2.3.4.1 Noninteractive Solute............116
2.3.4.2 Solute Interacting with Soil.........133
2.3.5 Modeling of Salt Dynamics and Distribution in Soils
Under Crop Growing Conditions..........138
2.3.5.1 Models for Water Extraction by Crop Roots . 139
2.3.5.2 Computed Salt Distribution Profiles and
Measured Data..............143
2.3.6 Solute Dispersion and Distribution in Heterogeneous
Field Soils....................147
2.3.6.1 Piston Flow Profiles............148
2.3.6.2 Dispersive Profiles.............161
Part 3 Management
3.1 Crop Salt Tolerance.................. 167
3.1.1 Osmotic Effects ................. 167
3.1.2 Specific-Ion Effects................ 168
3.1.3 Plant Sensitivity................. 170
3.1.4 Crop Selection.................. 171
3.2 Irrigation Practice................... 181
3.2.1 Irrigation Water Quality.............. 182
3.2.2 Water Quality Classifications............ 182
3.2.3 Leaching Requirement .............. 186
3.2.4 Drainage Water Quality.............. 190
3.2.5 Salt Balance................... 192
3.3 Reclamation of Saline and Sodic Soils.......... 193
3.3.1 Reclaiming Saline Soils by Leaching......... 194
3.3.2 The Use of Mulches and Other Surface Management to
Enhance Salt Leaching.............. 194
X Contents
3.3.3 Gypsum Use for Reclaiming Sodic Soils....... 195
3.3.4 High Salt Water Leaching............. 196
3.3.5 Deep Mixing Sodic Soils for Reclamation...... 196
3.3.6 Sulfuric Acid for Reclaiming Sodic Soils....... 197
3.4 Solute Flow Models Applied to Irrigation Management
Optimization.....................197
3.4.1 Reclamation of Saline Soils by Leaching.......198
3.4.2 Quantity-Quality Substitutions of Water During the
Irrigation Season.................198
3.4.2.1 Modeling of Crop Response to Soil Salinity . . 198
3.4.2.2 Optimizing the Quantity-Quality Combination of
the Irrigation Water............200
3.4.3 Models for the Economic Evaluation of Salinity in
Irrigation Water Management...........203
3.4.3.1 Least Cost Quantity-Quality Combinations Based
on the Critical-Threshold Concept......204
3.4.3.2 Optimal Irrigation Management Based on the
Total Potential Approach..........205
3.4.3.3 Modeling of Optimal Irrigation Scheduling . . 208
3.5 Specialized Management Practices............210
References........................212
Subject Index.......................227
|
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| author | Bresler, Eshel 1930-1991 MacNeal, Brian L. Carter, David L. |
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| classification_rvk | RB 10159 RB 10160 |
| classification_tum | GEO 315f |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)720798407 (DE-599)BVBBV000058600 |
| dewey-full | 631.4/16 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 631 - Techniques, equipment & materials |
| dewey-raw | 631.4/16 |
| dewey-search | 631.4/16 |
| dewey-sort | 3631.4 216 |
| dewey-tens | 630 - Agriculture and related technologies |
| discipline | Geowissenschaften Agrar-/Forst-/Ernährungs-/Haushaltswissenschaft / Gartenbau Geographie |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV000058600 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T15:07:54Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3540111204 0387111204 |
| language | English |
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| physical | X, 236 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1982 |
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| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Advanced series in agricultural sciences |
| series2 | Advanced series in agricultural sciences |
| spelling | Bresler, Eshel 1930-1991 Verfasser (DE-588)121945871 aut Saline and sodic soils principles, dynamics, modeling E. Bresler ; B. L. McNeal ; D. L. Carter Berlin u.a. Springer 1982 X, 236 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Advanced series in agricultural sciences 10 Sodic soils Soils, Salts in Natriumboden (DE-588)4171243-2 gnd rswk-swf Salzboden (DE-588)4130248-5 gnd rswk-swf Salzboden (DE-588)4130248-5 s DE-604 Natriumboden (DE-588)4171243-2 s MacNeal, Brian L. Verfasser aut Carter, David L. Verfasser aut Advanced series in agricultural sciences 10 (DE-604)BV000001042 10 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=000022930&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Bresler, Eshel 1930-1991 MacNeal, Brian L. Carter, David L. Saline and sodic soils principles, dynamics, modeling Advanced series in agricultural sciences Sodic soils Soils, Salts in Natriumboden (DE-588)4171243-2 gnd Salzboden (DE-588)4130248-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4171243-2 (DE-588)4130248-5 |
| title | Saline and sodic soils principles, dynamics, modeling |
| title_auth | Saline and sodic soils principles, dynamics, modeling |
| title_exact_search | Saline and sodic soils principles, dynamics, modeling |
| title_full | Saline and sodic soils principles, dynamics, modeling E. Bresler ; B. L. McNeal ; D. L. Carter |
| title_fullStr | Saline and sodic soils principles, dynamics, modeling E. Bresler ; B. L. McNeal ; D. L. Carter |
| title_full_unstemmed | Saline and sodic soils principles, dynamics, modeling E. Bresler ; B. L. McNeal ; D. L. Carter |
| title_short | Saline and sodic soils |
| title_sort | saline and sodic soils principles dynamics modeling |
| title_sub | principles, dynamics, modeling |
| topic | Sodic soils Soils, Salts in Natriumboden (DE-588)4171243-2 gnd Salzboden (DE-588)4130248-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Sodic soils Soils, Salts in Natriumboden Salzboden |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=000022930&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV000001042 |
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