Exploration seismology: 1 History, theory, & data acquisition
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| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Cambridge [u.a.]
Cambridge Univ. Press
1982
|
| Edition: | 1. publ. |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XII, 253 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0521243734 |
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MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Sheriff, Robert E. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Exploration seismology |n 1 |p History, theory, & data acquisition |c R. E. Sheriff ; L. P. Geldart |
| 250 | |a 1. publ. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Cambridge [u.a.] |b Cambridge Univ. Press |c 1982 | |
| 300 | |a XII, 253 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
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| 700 | 1 | |a Geldart, Lloyd P. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
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| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-000011962 | ||
Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Contents
Preface ix
Mathematical conventions and symbols xi
1 Introduction 1
Overview 1
1.1 Outline of seismic methods 2
1.1.1 Seismic reflection method 2
1.1.2 Seismic refraction method 3
1.2 History of seismic exploration 3
1.2.1 Preliminary events 3
1.2.2 Early applications to petroleum exploration 4
1.2.3 The Geophysical Research Corporation 11
1.2.4 Other activities in the 1920s 12
1.2.5 Development of the geophysical contracting industry 15
1.2.6 Evolution of reflection equipment and methods 17
1.2.7 Reproducible recording, the common-depth-point
method and non-explosive sources 19
1.3 Geophysical activity 22
1.3.1 History of seismic activity 22
1.3.2 Data for 1980 24
1.3.3 Economic justification 26
1.4 The literature of exploration seismology 27
2 Theory of seismic waves 32
Overview 32
2.1 Theory of elasticity 33
2.1.1 Stress 33
2.1.2 Strain 34
2.1.3 Hooke slaw 35
2.1.4 Elastic constants 35
2.1.5 Strain energy 37
Contents
2.2 Wave equations and their solutions
2.2.1 Wave equations
2.2.2 Plane-wave solutions
2.2.3 Spherical-wave solutions
2.2.4 Huygens* principle
2.2.5 Harmonic waves
2.2.6 P-waves and S-waves
2.2.7 Displacement and velocity potentials
2.2.8 Boundary conditions
2.2.9 Waves generated by a spherically symmetrical source
2.2.10 Surface waves
2.2.11 Wave equation for transversely isotropic media
2.2.12 Wave equation in fluid media
2.3 Effects of the medium on wave propagation
2.3.1 Energy density; intensity
2.3.2 Absorption
2.3.3 Dispersion; group velocity
2.3.4 Reflection and refraction; Snell s law
2.3.5 Diffraction
2.4 Partitioning of energy at an interface
2.4.1 General
2.4.2 Knott s equations
2.4.3 Distribution of energy
2.4.4 Zoeppritz* equations
2.4.5 Partitioning at normal incidence
2.4.6 Partitioning at non-normal incidence
2.4.7 Head waves
2.4.8 Normal-mode propagation
Problems
3 Geometry of seismic wave paths
Overview
3.1 Geometry of reflection paths for constant velocity
3.1.1 Horizontal reflector; normal moveout
3.1.2 Dipping reflector; dip moveout
3.1.3 Cross-dip
3.2 Vertical velocity gradient and raypath curvature
3.2.1 Effect of velocity variation
3.2.2 Equivalent average velocity
3.2.3 Velocity layering
3.2.4 Velocity functions
3.2.5 Linear increase of velocity with depth
3.3 Geometry of refraction paths
3.3.1 Single horizontal refractor
3.3.2 Several horizontal refractors
3 3,3 Effect of refractor dip
3-3 4 Several dipping refractors with the same strike
3 3.5 Linear increase of overburden velocity
Problems
4 Characteristics of seismic events
Overview
4.1 Distinguishing features of events
4.2 Events other than primary reflections
4.2.1 Diffractions
37 4.2.2 Multiples
37 4.2.3 Refractions
39 4.2.4 Reflected refractions
40 4.2.5 Surface waves
41 4.3 Characteristics of reflections
42 4.3.1 Effects of reflector curvature
44 4.3.2 Resolution
45 4.3.3 Three-dimensional effects
46 47 48 4.3.4 Shape of the seismic wavelet
4.4 Noise
52 4.4.1 Types of seismic noise
4.4.2 Attenuation of noise
Problems
54
54
55 5 Reflection field methods and equipment
56 Overview
57 5.1 Field-crew organization
59 5.1.1 Clients and contractors
64 5.1.2 Land-crew organization
64 5.1.3 Marine-crew organization
65 5.2 Field methods for land surveys
66 5.2.1 The program
66 5.2.2 Permitting
67 5.2.3 Laying out the line
68 5.2.4 Shothole drilling
68 5.2.5 Recording
70 5.2.6 Logistics
73 5.2.7 Field records
5.3 Field layouts
79 5.3.1 Split-dip and common-depth-point recordin
79 5.3.2 Spread types
80 5.3.3 Arrays
80 5.3.4 Noise analysis
81 5.3.5 Selection of field parameters
83 5.3.6 Uphole surveys
85 5.3.7 Crooked line and 3-D methods
85 5.3.8 Extended resolution
86 5.3.9 Special methods
86 5.4 Equipment for land surveys
87 5.4.1 Drilling
87 5.4.2 Explosive energy sources
89 5.4.3 Surface energy sources
89 5.4.4 Geophones
91 5.4.5 Amplifiers
91 5.4.6 Analog data recording
93 5.4.7 Data display
94 5.4.8 Digital recording
95 5.4.9 Field processing
5.4.10 At-the-geophone digitization
100 ¦ 5.5 Marine equipment and methods
100 5.5.1 Marine operations
101 5.5.2 Bubble effect
102 5.5.3 Marine energy sources
102 5.5.4 Marine detectors
105
110
110
110
112
112
117
122
123
125
125
126
127
131
131
132
132
132
132
133
133
134
134
136
136
137
137
137
137
139
140
144
145
146
147
150
151
154
154
154
159
161
166
168
169
170
173
174
175
175
176
177
181
Contents
5.5.5 Marine positioning
5.5.6 Data flow in marine surveys
5.5.7 Profiling
5.6 Data reduction
5.6.1 Preliminary processing
5.6.2 Elevation and weathering corrections
5.6.3 Picking reflections and preparing cross-sections
5.7 Exploration with S-waves
Problems
Refraction methods
Overview
Refraction profiling
In-line refraction profiling
Broadside refraction and fan-shooting
Gardner s method of defining saltdomes
Engineering surveys on land
Marine refraction
Computation of refraction data
Refraction data reduction
Delay-time methods
Wavefront methods
6.1
6.1.1
6.1.2
6.1.3
6.1.4
6.1.5
6.2
6.2.1
6.2.2
6.2.3
6.3
6.4
Interpretation of refraction records
Engineering applications
Problems
Appendices
A List of abbreviations used
B Trademarks and proper names used
C Random numbers
D Units
E Decibel conversion
F Typical instrument specifications and conventions
References
Index
Contents of Volume 2
7 Seismic velocity
Overview
7.1 Factors affecting velocity
7.2 Application of velocity concepts
7.3 Measurement of velocity
184
190
190
193
193
193
196
199
201
212
212
213
213
214
215
215
216
216
216
218
223
227
229
230
234
234
235
235
235
236
236
237
245
7.4 Interpretation of velocity data
Problems
8 Data-processing
Overview
8.1 The principal operations
8.2 Processes to improve signal/noise
8.3 Processes to reposition data
8.4 Other processing techniques
8.5 Data-processing procedures
Problems
9 Geologic interpretation of reflection data
Overview
9.1 Basic geologic concepts
9.2 Interpretation procedures
9.3 Evidences of geologic features
9.4 Modeling
9.5 Lateral variations in velocity
9.6 Three-dimensional interpretation
9.7 Stratigraphie interpretation
9.8 Hydrocarbon indicators
9.9 Crustal studies
Problems
10 Background mathematics
Overview
10.1 Summaries of basic concepts
10.2 Fourier series and Fourier integral
10.3 Fourier transforms
10.4 Laplace transforms
10.5 Linear systems
10.6 Digital systems and z-transforms
10.7 Cepstrum analysis
10.8 Filtering
Problems
Appendices
A List of abbreviations used
B Trademarks and proper names used
C A seismic report
D Symbols used in mapping
References
Index
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Sheriff, Robert E. Geldart, Lloyd P. |
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| id | DE-604.BV000042500 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T15:07:39Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0521243734 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-000011962 |
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| physical | XII, 253 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 1982 |
| publishDateSearch | 1982 |
| publishDateSort | 1982 |
| publisher | Cambridge Univ. Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Sheriff, Robert E. Verfasser aut Exploration seismology 1 History, theory, & data acquisition R. E. Sheriff ; L. P. Geldart 1. publ. Cambridge [u.a.] Cambridge Univ. Press 1982 XII, 253 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geldart, Lloyd P. Verfasser aut (DE-604)BV000042499 1 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=000011962&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Sheriff, Robert E. Geldart, Lloyd P. Exploration seismology |
| title | Exploration seismology |
| title_auth | Exploration seismology |
| title_exact_search | Exploration seismology |
| title_full | Exploration seismology 1 History, theory, & data acquisition R. E. Sheriff ; L. P. Geldart |
| title_fullStr | Exploration seismology 1 History, theory, & data acquisition R. E. Sheriff ; L. P. Geldart |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploration seismology 1 History, theory, & data acquisition R. E. Sheriff ; L. P. Geldart |
| title_short | Exploration seismology |
| title_sort | exploration seismology history theory data acquisition |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=000011962&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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