The Acheson process revised: a thermodynamic and experimental investigation of the industrial scale production of silicon carbide
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| Format: | Thesis Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2013
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | 298 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The Acheson process revised |b a thermodynamic and experimental investigation of the industrial scale production of silicon carbide |c vorgelegt von Liying Zhou |
| 264 | 1 | |c 2013 | |
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| 502 | |a Aachen, Techn. Hochsch., Diss., 2013 | ||
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| adam_text | TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 MOTIVATION AND INTRODUCTION 1
2 LITERATURE REVIEW 5
2.1 OVERVIEW OF SILICON CARBIDE
5
2.1.1 HISTORY
5
2.1.2 PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS 5
2.1.3 STRUCTURE, POLYTYPISM AND PHASE TRANSFORMATION 8
2.1.3.1 STRUCTURE AND POLYTYPES
8
2.1.3.2 ORIGIN OF POLYTYPISM AND STABILITY OF SIC POLYTYPES 11
2.1.3.2.1 EARLY STUDIES OF THE ORIGIN OF POLYTYPISM 11
2.1.3.2.2 EARLY STUDIES OF THE STABILITY OF SIC POLYTYPES 12
2.1.3.2.3 BAND GAPS AND LATTICE PARAMETERS OF SIC POLYTYPES 14
2.1.3.2.4 RECENT STUDIES 15
2.1.3.3 PHASE TRANSFORMATION OF SIC AND MECHANISMS 16
2.2 CARBOTHERMAL REDUCTION OF SILICA 18
2.2.1 SYNTHESIS MECHANISM OF SIC 19
2.2.1.1 SYNTHESIS MECHANISM OF SIC AT TEMPERATURES BELOW 1800 C 20
2.2.1.1.1 SYNTHESIS OF SIC VIA SI 20
2.2.1.1.2 SYNTHESIS OF SIC THROUGH GAS-SOLID REACTION VIA SIO(G) AND
ARGUMENT OF THE SOURCE OF SIO(G) 20
2.2.1.1.3 SYNTHESIS OF SIC VIA SIO(G) AND SI(S,L,G) 24
2.2.1.2 SYNTHESIS MECHANISM OF SIC BY THE ACHESON PROCESS 24
2.2.2 THERMODYNAMIC INVESTIGATIONS 28
2.2.2.1 PHASE DIAGRAM OF THE BINARY SI-C SYSTEM 28
2.2.2.2 TERNARY PHASE DIAGRAM AND PREDOMINANCE DIAGRAM OF THE SI-C-0
SYSTEM 31
2.2.3 KINETICS 35
2.2.3.1 GENERAL ASPECTS 35
2.2.3.2 KINETICS OF THE CARBOTHERMAL REDUCTION OF SILICA 37
2.2.4 INFLUENCE OF OPERATION PARAMETERS IN THE CARBOTHERMAL REDUCTION OF
SILICA 41
2.2.4.1 GENERAL ASPECTS 41
2.2.4.2 KEY PARAMETERS IN THE CARBOTHERMAL REDUCTION OF SI0
2
46
2.2.4.2.1 REACTION TEMPERATURE 46
2.2.4.2.2 INFLUENCE OF CO PRESSURE 50
2.2.4.2.3 STARTING C/SI0
2
RATIO IN REACTANTS 51
2.2.4.2.4 PROPERTIES OF STARTING MATERIALS 53
2.2.4.2.5 BULK DENSITY OF C/SI0
2
MIXTURE AND DIMENSION OF THE PACKED BED 58
2.2.4.2.6 ADDITIVES OR IMPURITIES 58
2.3 ACHESON PROCESS 61
2.3.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION 62
2.3.2 DEVELOPMENT OF FURNACE CONSTRUCTION AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY 65
2.3.2.1 ESK (ESD) PROCESS 69
2.3.2.2 MULTI-CORE ACHESON PROCESS 71
2.3.3 KEY FACTORS IN SYNTHESIZING SIC BY THE ACHESON PROCESS 71
2.3.3.1 REQUIREMENT OF RAW MATERIALS 71
2.3.3.1.1 REACTIVITY AND PURITY OF RAW MATERIALS 71
2.3.3.1.2 PARTICLE SIZE OF RAW MATERIALS 73
2.3.3.1.3 PACKING DENSITY OF FURNACE MIXTURE 74
2.3.3.2 STARTING RATIO OF C/SI0
2
AND ARRANGEMENT OF FURNACE MIXTURE 74
2.3.3.3 OPERATION TEMPERATURE AND ITS DISTRIBUTION IN ACHESON FURNACES
76
2.3.3.4 FIRING TIME AND POWER SUPPLY MODE 81
2.3.4 ADDITIVES 83
HTTP://D-NB.INFO/1045031550
2.3.5 EVALUATION OF PRODUCTS
86
2.3.6 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE ACHESON PROCESS ../89
2.3.7 STATE-OF-THE-ART OF THE ACHESON PROCESS FOR PRODUCING HIGH-PURITY
SIC J... 91
2.4 INVESTIGATION OF IMPURITIES IN ACHESON-SIC ***** 93
2.4.1 IMPURITIES IN SIC CYLINDERS ..L 93
2.4.2 SOURCES AND OCCURRENCE OF IMPURITIES AND COMMON VIEWS OF THEIR
FORMATION ./.. 98
2.4.2.1 FREE C, SI0
2
AND FREE SI 98
2.4.2.2 METALLIC TRACE ELEMENTS .../** 99
2.4.3 SECTION SUMMARY 102
3 THERMODYNAMIC SIMULATION * PURIFYING AND SYNTHESIS MECHANISMS 103
3.1 CALCULATION TOOLS AND DATABASE 103
3.2 PURIFYING MECHANISM OF METALLIC IMPURITIES IN THE ACHESON PROCESS
I04
3.2.1 THE SYSTEM OF SODIUM CHLORIDE (NACLJ, SIC 2
+
3C+NACI AND SIO
2
+3C 105
3.2.2 BEHAVIOUR OF METALLIC IMPURITIES WITH OR WITHOUT THE PRESENCE
OFNACI 107
3.2.3 DISCUSSION 119
3.2.3.1 PURIFYING MECHANISM IN THE ACHESON PROCESS 119
3.2.3.2 COMPARISON WITH THE DISTRIBUTION OF IMPURITIES
IN THE SIC CYLINDERS PRODUCED BY THE ACHESON PROCESS 121
3.2.3.4 THE ROLE OF NACI IN THE ACHESON PROCESS 126
3.2.4 SECTION CONCLUSIONS 127
3.3 SYNTHESIS MECHANISM OF SIC IN THE ACHESON PROCESS 128
3.3.1 INTRODUCTION 128
3.3.2 OVERVIEW OF POSSIBLE REACTIONS AND EQUILIBRIUM PHASES IN THE SI0
2
+3C SYSTEM 129
3.3.3 REACTIONS OCCURRING IN THE ACHESON PROCESS 131
3.3.3.1 FORMATION OF SIO(G)AND PRIMARY SIC 131
3.3.3.2 DECOMPOSITION OF SIC 135
3.3.3.2.1 THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF SIC 135
3.3.3.2.2 CHEMICAL DECOMPOSITION IN CO ATMOSPHERE 137
3.3.3.3 RECRYSTALLIZATION AND GRAIN GROWTH OF SECONDARY SIC 140
3.3.3.3.1 INITIAL STAGE OF THE RECRYSTALLIZATION PROCESS 143
3.3.3.3.2 ACCELERATION STAGE OF THE RECRYSTALLIZATION PROCESS 147
3.3.3.3.3 FINAL STAGE OF THE RECRYSTALLIZATION PROCESS 150
3.3.3.4 DEPOSITION OF SIO(G) AND CO AT TEMPERATURES BELOW 1820 C 151
3.3.3.4.1 DEPOSITION OF SIO(G) AND CO IN THE PRESENCE OF SIC 151
3.3.3.4.2 DEPOSITION OF SIO(G) AND CO(G) IN THE PRESENCE OF C 153
3.3.3.4.3 CONDITIONS FOR THE DEPOSITION OF SIO(G) AND CO BELOW 1820 C
154
3.3.4 SYNTHESIS MECHANISM OF SIC IN THE ACHESON PROCESS 156
3.3.5 DISCUSSION 159
3.3.5.1 OPTIMAL OPERATION TEMPERATURE AND THE ROLE OF SIC DECOMPOSITION
159
3.3.5.2 INFLUENCE OF THE C/SI0
2
MIXING RATIO IN THE INITIAL FURNACE MIXTURE 162
3.3.5.3 STABILITY OF SIC AND THE INFLUENCE OF PCO/PSIOIG)
ON THE MORPHOLOGY AND THE PURITY OF PRODUCT 165
3.3.6 SECTION CONCLUSIONS 167
4 MASS TRANSPORT OF SI IN THE RECRYSTALLIZATION OF SIC AND ITS INFLUENCE
169
4.1 INTRODUCTION 169
4.2 THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION * MASS TRANSPORT OF SI IN THE
RECRYSTALLIZATION OF SIC 172
4.2.1 REACTIONS OF SIC AND SI0
2
AND EQUILIBRIUM COMPOSITIONS IN THE SIC-SI0
2
SYSTEM 172
4.2.2 STABILITY OF SIC IN THE GAS OFSIO(G) AND CO 175
4.2.3 DISCUSSION 178
4.2.3.-1 THE INVARIANT POINT AT 1812 C IN THE SIC-SI0
2
SYSTEM 178
4.2.3.2 REACTION OF SIC AND SI0
2
AND PARTIAL PRESSURE OF SIO(G) AND CO 178
4.2.3.3 REACTION OF SIC AND SIO(G) AND EVAPORATION OF SI(L) 179
4.2.3.4 GAS DEPOSITION 180
4.2.3.5 MASS TRANSPORT OF SI IN THE FORM OF SIC, SI0
2
(S,L), SIO(G) AND SI(L,G)
IN THE RECRYSTALLIZATION PROCESS 180
4.2.3.6 CHEMICAL DECOMPOSITION OF SIC IN CO ATMOSPHERE 182
4.2.4 SECTION CONCLUSIONS 182
4.3 EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION * INFLUENCE OF MASS TRANSPORT OF SI
ON WEIGHT LOSS AND GRAIN GROWTH IN THE RECRYSTALLIZATION OF SIC 183
4.3.1 INTRODUCTION 183
4.3.2 EXPERIMENTAL 184
4.3.3 RESULTS 185
4.3.3.1 WEIGHT LOSS 185
4.3.3.2 GRAIN GROWTH 188
4.3.4 DISCUSSION 192
4.3.4.1 WEIGHT LOSS AND GRAIN GROWTH IN THE NON-OXIDIZED POWDERS 192
4.3.4.2 WEIGHT LOSS AND GRAIN GROWTH IN THE OXIDIZED POWDERS 196
4.3.4.3 THE INITIAL RECRYSTALLIZATION STAGE OF THE ACHESON PROCESS 197
4.3.4.4 CONTROVERSY ABOUT THE PRESENCE OF LIQUID SI 198
4.3.5 SECTION CONCLUSIONS 199
5 CHARACTERIZATION OF SIC CYLINDERS PRODUCED IN A PILOT FURNACE 200
5.1 INTRODUCTION 200
5.2 CHARACTERIZATION METHODS 201
5.3 CHARACTERIZATION OF THE C1 CYLINDER 203
5.3.1 CLASSIFICATION OF C1 203
5.3.2 RESULTS 208
5.3.2.1 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF FREE C, SURFACE SI0
2
AND FREE SI 208
5.3.2.2 DETERMINATION OF METALLIC TRACE ELEMENTS BY ICP-OES 210
5.3.2.3 MORPHOLOGIES OF SIC CRYSTALLITES 211
5.3.2.4 DISTRIBUTION OF SIC POLYTYPES AND PHASE TRANSFORMATION 221
5.3.2.5 FINE INCLUSIONS ON THE SURFACE OF SIC CRYSTALLITES 226
5.3.3 DISCUSSION 231
5.3.3.1 FORMATION OF SIC CRYSTALLITES AND THE SYNTHESIS MECHANISM 231
5.3.3.1.1 FORMATION OF PRIMARY SIC AND THE FORMATION TEMPERATURE RANGE
232
5.3.3.1.2 RECRYSTALLIZATION AND THE GROWTH OF SECONDARY SIC 236
5.3.3.1.3 DECOMPOSITION OF SIC AT HIGH TEMPERATURES 241
5.3.3.1.4 GAS DEPOSITION DURING COOLING 244
5.3.3.2 THE FORMATION PROGRESS OF C1 250
5.4 CHARACTERIZATION OF THE C2 CYLINDER 253
5.4.1 CLASSIFICATION OFC2 253
5.4.2 RESULTS OBTAINED FROM C2 AND COMPARISON WITH C1 260
5.4.2.1 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF FREE C, SURFACE SI0
2
AND FREE SI 260
5.4.2.2 DETERMINATION OF METALLIC TRACE ELEMENTS BY ICP-OES 261
5.4.2.3 MORPHOLOGIES OF SIC CRYSTALLITES 262
5.4.2.4 DISTRIBUTION OF SIC POLYTYPES AND PHASE TRANSFORMATION 264
5.4.2.5 INCLUSIONS IN C2 265
5.4.3 DISCUSSION
268
5.4.3.1 COMPARISON OF THE FORMATION PROGRESS OF C1 AND C2
AND THE INFLUENCE OF POWER SUPPLY PROGRAM 268
5.4.3.2 INFLUENCE OF GROWTH CONDITION ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF SIC
CRYSTALLITES 271
5.4.3.3 IMPURITIES IN THE PRODUCTS AND FORMATION MECHANISM 272
9
5.5 SECTION CONCLUSIONS 274
6 CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK 276
REFERENCES 280
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 298
|
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| author | Zhou, Liying 1976- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1038453593 |
| author_facet | Zhou, Liying 1976- |
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| dewey-ones | 661 - Technology of industrial chemicals |
| dewey-raw | 661.0683 |
| dewey-search | 661.0683 |
| dewey-sort | 3661.0683 |
| dewey-tens | 660 - Chemical engineering |
| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie |
| format | Thesis Book |
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| spelling | Zhou, Liying 1976- Verfasser (DE-588)1038453593 aut The Acheson process revised a thermodynamic and experimental investigation of the industrial scale production of silicon carbide vorgelegt von Liying Zhou 2013 298 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Aachen, Techn. Hochsch., Diss., 2013 (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027340596&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Zhou, Liying 1976- The Acheson process revised a thermodynamic and experimental investigation of the industrial scale production of silicon carbide |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | The Acheson process revised a thermodynamic and experimental investigation of the industrial scale production of silicon carbide |
| title_auth | The Acheson process revised a thermodynamic and experimental investigation of the industrial scale production of silicon carbide |
| title_exact_search | The Acheson process revised a thermodynamic and experimental investigation of the industrial scale production of silicon carbide |
| title_full | The Acheson process revised a thermodynamic and experimental investigation of the industrial scale production of silicon carbide vorgelegt von Liying Zhou |
| title_fullStr | The Acheson process revised a thermodynamic and experimental investigation of the industrial scale production of silicon carbide vorgelegt von Liying Zhou |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Acheson process revised a thermodynamic and experimental investigation of the industrial scale production of silicon carbide vorgelegt von Liying Zhou |
| title_short | The Acheson process revised |
| title_sort | the acheson process revised a thermodynamic and experimental investigation of the industrial scale production of silicon carbide |
| title_sub | a thermodynamic and experimental investigation of the industrial scale production of silicon carbide |
| topic_facet | Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027340596&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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