Activated carbon for water treatment:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Undetermined |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Karlsruhe
DVGW-Forschungsstelle
1988
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. in Engl. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverz. S. 664 - 716. - 1. Aufl. u.d.T.: Adsorptionsverfahren zur Wasserreinigung |
| Beschreibung: | 722 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 3922671209 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Sontheimer, Heinrich |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Activated carbon for water treatment |c Sontheimer ; Crittenden ; Summers |
| 250 | |a 2. ed. in Engl. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Karlsruhe |b DVGW-Forschungsstelle |c 1988 | |
| 300 | |a 722 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Literaturverz. S. 664 - 716. - 1. Aufl. u.d.T.: Adsorptionsverfahren zur Wasserreinigung | ||
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Aktivierung |g Chemie |0 (DE-588)4141761-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Kohlenstoff |0 (DE-588)4164538-8 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Wasserreinigung |0 (DE-588)4274580-9 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Aktivierung |g Chemie |0 (DE-588)4141761-6 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 2 | |a Wasserreinigung |0 (DE-588)4274580-9 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Crittenden, John |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Summers, R. Scott |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m HEBIS Datenaustausch Darmstadt |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=002714350&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804118552245960704 |
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| adam_text | W. A. R. - BIBLIOTHEK INV.-NR. ACTIVATED CARBON FOR WATER TREATMENT^ A -
3 SONTHEIMER CRITTENDEN SUMMERS ^ F T I B W * ! ! * ROBERTS, SNOEYINK,
ZIMMER INSIITU* M WSS^ERVERSORGUNG TEIITKII^V 1 ; I;;!:J RAUNTOLANUNG
PETE-SF RRI:R.;-F;S !3, D-6100 DARMSTADT TEL 0 61 51 /1S 36 59 SECOND
IFCFILLON IN ENGLISH OF ADSORPTIONSVERFAHREN ZUR WASSERREINIGUNG
SONTHEIMER FRICK FETTIG HORNER HUBELE ZIMMER DVGW-FORSCHUNGSSTELLE
ENGLER-BUNTE-LNSTITUT UNIVERSITAT KARLSRUHE CONTENTS 1 WATER TREATMENT
THROUGH ADSORPTION PROCESSES 1.1 SIGNIFICANCE AND USE OF ADSORPTION
PROCESSES 1 1.2 DEVELOPMENT OF ACTIVATED CARBON ADSORPTION PROCESSES FOR
WATER TREATMENT 1 .2.1 MANUFACTURE AND INITIAL USES OF ACTIVATED CARBON
4 .2.2 DEVELOPMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF POWDERED ACTIVATED CARBON
(PAC) 5 .2.3 DEVELOPMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF GRANULAR ACTIVATED
CARBON (GAC) 7 .2.3.1 INTRODUCTION 7 .2.3.2 DECHLORINATION 8 .2.3.3
REMOVAL OF TASTE AND ODOR 10 .2.3.4 REMOVAL OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS 12 .3
DETERMINATION AND MONITORING OF ORGANIC CONSTITUENTS IN WATER 14 .3.1
INTRODUCTION 14 .3.2 COLLECTIVE PARAMETERS FOR AQUEOUS ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
. . 15 .3.2.1 DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON (DOC) 15 .3.2.2 CHEMICAL OXYGEN
DEMAND (COD) 16 .3.3 GROUP PARAMETERS 16 .3.3.1 GENERAL REMARKS 16
.3.3.2 ORGANICALLY BOUND CHLORINE 17 .3.3.3 ORGANICALLY BOUND SULFUR . :
22 .3.3.4 ORGANIC ACIDS 23 .3.3.5 OTHER GROUP PARAMETERS 23 .3.4
CHARACTERIZING PARAMETERS 24 .3.4.1 UV-ABSORBANCE 24 .3.4.2
TRIHALOMETHANE FORMATION POTENTIAL 25 .3.4.3 OTHER CHARACTERIZING
PARAMETERS 25 .3.5 SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS 26 .3.6 ADSORPTION ANALYSIS 28
.3.7 CHARACTERIZATION OF WATER QUALITY AND THE ADSORPTION PROCESS . 30
.3.7.1 WATER QUALITY 30 .3.7.2 ADSORPTION PROCESS 33 1.4 TREATMENT
OBJECTIVES 41 1.4.1 GENERAL ASPECTS 41 1 A.2 MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVELS
FOR SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS AND GROUPS OF COMPOUNDS 41 1.4.3 TREATMENT
OBJECTIVES BASED ON COLLECTIVE PARAMETERS . . . 44 1.4.4 TREATMENT
STANDARDS 45 1.4.5 NATURAL CLEAN WATER * A GENERALLY DEFINED DRINKING
WATER QUALITY GOAL 47 1.5 CONTROL OF GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON COLUMNS 4
7 1.5.1 THE DOC APPROACH 47 1.5.2 DOC BREAKTHROUGH CURVES 49 2 THE
PRODUCTION AND PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL EVALUATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON 2.1 THE
PRODUCTION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FOR DRINKING WATER TREATMENT 51 2.1.1
INTRODUCTION 51 2.1.2 RAW MATERIALS 51 2.1.3 THE PRODUCTION PROCESSES 54
2.2 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES . 57 2:2.1 PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION 57
2.2.1.1 INTRODUCTION 57 2.2.1.2 THE RRSB METHOD 59 2.2.2 PARTICLE SIZE
OF POWDERED ACTIVATED CARBONS 63 2.2.3 HARDNESS AND ATTRITION 63 2.3
PARTICLE CHARACTERISTICS 64 2.3.1 PARAMETER DEFINITIONS 64 2.3.2
EVALUATION METHODS 66 2.3.3 APPLICATIONS 71 2.4 INTERNAL STRUCTURE 73
2.4.1 INTRODUCTION 73 2.4.2 MERCURY POROSIMETRY EVALUATION OF MACROPORES
AND MESOPORES 75 2.4.3 NITROGEN ISOTHERM EVALUATION OF MESOPORES AND
MICROPORES . 76 2.4.4 BENZENE ISOTHERM EVALUATION OF MICROPORES 79 2.4.5
. COMBINED PORE STRUCTURE 85 2.5 CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SURFACE
88 2.5.1 GENERAL PROPERTIES 88 2.5.2 SURFACE FUNCTIONAL GROUPS 89 2.5.3
ELECTROSTATIC INTERACTIONS 90 2.6 EFFECT OF SURFACE CHEMISTRY AND PORE
STRUCTURE ON THE ADSORPTION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 94 2.6.1 SURFACE
CHEMISTRY EFFECTS 94 2.6.2 PORE STRUCTURE EFFECTS . . 94 2.6.3 COMBINED
SURFACE CHEMISTRY AND PORE STRUCTURE EFFECTS . . 96 2.7 EVALUATION
METHODS UTILIZING AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS . . . . 100 2.7.1 APPROACH 100
2.7.2 SPECIFIC METHODS . 101 2.7.3 CONSIDERATIONS IN THE SELECTION OF
EVALUATION METHODS . . . 103 3 DESCRIPTION OF ADSORPTION EQUILIBRIA 3.1
INTRODUCTION 106 3.2 ADSORPTION EQUILIBRIA OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES 107
3.2.1 DETERMINATION OF THE ADSORPTION ISOTHERM 107 3.2.1.1 EXPERIMENTAL
PROTOCOL 109 3.2.2 THE LANGMUIR ISOTHERM EQUATION 112 3.2.2.1 DERIVATION
OF THE ISOTHERM EQUATION 112 3.2.2.2 DETERMINATION OF THE ISOTHERM
CONSTANTS 112 3.2.2.3 LIMITING CASES OF THE LANGMUIR ISOTHERM 115
3.2.2.4 PHYSICO-CHEMICAL IMPORTANCE OF THE LANGMUIR CONSTANT . . 116
3.2.3 THE FREUNDLICH ISOTHERM EQUATION 118 3.2.3.1 FORM AND IMPORTANCE
118 3.2.3.2 EXTENSION OF THE FREUNDLICH ISOTHERM 119 3.2.4 THE TOTH
ISOTHERM EQUATION 121 3.2.5 THE RADKE AND PRAUSNITZ ISOTHERM EQUATION
123 3.2.6 THE MYERS ISOTHERM EQUATION 124 3.2.7 CORRELATION OF AQUEOUS
ADSORPTION ISOTHERMS USING THE POLANYI POTENTIAL THEORY 125 3.2.8
SELECTION OF THE APPROPRIATE ISOTHERM EQUATION . . . . . . 129 3.3
ADSORPTION EQUILIBRIA IN MULTISOLUTE SYSTEMS 13 0 3.3.1 INTRODUCTION 130
3.3.2 SIMPLE MODELS TO DESCRIBE COMPETITIVE ADSORPTION . . . . 134
3.3.2.1 INTRODUCTION 134 3.3.2.2 EXTENDED LANGMUIR MODEL OF BUTLER AND
OCKRENT 135 3.3.2.3 THE JAIN-SNOEYINK MODEL 136 3.3.3 EMPIRICAL MODELS
FOR MULTICOMPONENT ADSORPTION . . . . 138 3.3.3.1 THE MULTICOMPONENT
ISOTHERM OF MATHEWS AND WEBER . . . 138 3.3.3.2 THE MULTICOMPONENT
ISOTHERM OF FRITZ AND SCHLUNDER . . . 139 3.3.4 IDEAL ADSORBED SOLUTION
THEORY (IAST) . . . . . . . . 143 3.3.4.1 DERIVATION OF THE BASIC
EQUATIONS 143 3.3.4.2 IDEAL ADSORBED SOLUTION THEORY USING THE LANGMUIR
EQUATION . 147 3.3.4.2.1 EQUATION DEVELOPMENT 147 3.3.4.2.2 EXAMPLE
CALCULATIONS FOR A BINARY MIXTURE 149 3.3.4.2.3 CALCULATION METHOD FOR N
ADSORBABLE COMPONENTS . . . . 150 3.3.4.2.4 EXAMPLE CALCULATION FORA
TERNARY MIXTURE 151 3.3.4.3 IDEAL ADSORBED SOLUTION THEORY USING THE
FREUNDLICH EQUATION . 153 3.3.4.3.1 EQUATION DEVELOPMENT 153 3.3.4.3.2
CALCULATION METHOD 154 3.3.4.3.3 EXAMPLE CALCULATION FOR A BINARY
MIXTURE 157 3.3.4.4 IDEAL ADSORBED SOLUTION THEORY USING THREE PARAMETER
ISOTHERM EQUATIONS 158 3.3.5 SIMPLIFIED METHODS FOR THE USE OF THE
FREUNDLICH ISOTHERM *; IN THE IDEAL ADSORBED SOLUTION THEORY 159 3.3.5.1
APPROXIMATIONS IN THE LOW CONCENTRATION REGION 159 3.3.5.2 SIMPLIFIED
COMPETITIVE ADSORPTION MODEL (SCAM) . . . . 165 3.3.6 MODIFICATIONS OF
IAST AND SCAM 169 3.3.7 NOTES ON THE USE OF MULTICOMPONENT ADSORPTION
EQUILIBRIA MODELS 174 3.4 INFLUENCE OF COMPETITIVE ADSORPTION ON THE
ADSORPTION EQUILIBRIA OF THE COMPONENTS IN AN UNKNOWN MIXTURE . . 176
3.4.1 INTRODUCTION AND APPROACH 176 3.4.2 THE USE OF TRACER ISOTHERMS
178 3.5 EFFECTS OF THE COMPOSITION OF AN UNKNOWN MIXTURE ON THE OVERALL
ADSORPTION ISOTHERM 181 3.5.1 IDENTIFICATION OF THE OVERALL ISOTHERM 181
3.5.2 INFLUENCE OF NONADSORBABILITY ON THE OVERALL ISOTHERM . . . 182
3.5.3 INFLUENCEOF COMPONENT ADSORBABILITY ON THE OVERALL ISOTHERM . 184
3.5.4 INFLUENCE OF THE INITIAL CONCENTRATION ON THE OVERALL ISOTHERM .
187 3.6 ADSORPTION EQUILIBRIA IN MULTICOMPONENT MIXTURES OF AN UNKNOWN
COMPOSITION 193 3.6.1 APPROACHES TO DESCRIBE THE OVERALL ADSORPTION
EQUILIBRIA . . 193 3.6.1.1 INTRODUCTION 193 3.6.1.2 SINGLE-SOLUTE
ISOTHERM EQUATIONS 193 3.6.1.3 SINGLE-SOLUTE ISOTHERMS AND A
NONADSORBABLE FRACTION . . . 194 3.6.1.4 DIVISION INTO FICTIVE
COMPONENTS 196 3.6.2 FICTIVE COMPONENT DESCRIPTION OF ADSORPTION
EQUILIBRIA IN AN UNKNOWN MIXTURE 196 3.6.2.1 OBJECTIVES 196 3.6.2.2
SELECTION OF THE NUMBER OF FICTIVE COMPONENT PARAMETERS . . 198 3.6.2.3
DEVELOPMENT OF THE SIMPLIFIED IAST APPROACH 200 3.6.2.4 PARAMETER
DETERMINATION CRITERIA 201 3.6.3 DESCRIPTION OF MULTICOMPONENT
ADSORPTION EQUILIBRIA BY THE FICTIVE COMPONENT PROCEDURE 204 3.6.3.1
GENERAL APPROACH . . . 204 3.6.3.2 DETERMINATION OF THE FICTIVE
COMPONENT PARAMETERS . . . . 205 3.6.3.3 APPLICATIONS AND LIMITATIONS
220 3.6.4 INFLUENCE OF ACTIVATED CARBON TYPE ON MULTICOMPONENT
ADSORPTION EQUILIBRIA 231 3.7 USE OF IDEAL ADSORBED SOLUTION THEORY TO
PREDICT THE PH-LNFLUENCEON ADSORPTION EQUILIBRIA 234 3.7.1 EQUATION
DEVELOPMENT 234 3.7.2 APPLICATIONS 237 4 THE DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF
TREATMENT PROCESSES USING POWDERED ACTIVATED CARBON 4.1 INTRODUCTION
240 4.2 SINGLE-STAGE CONCURRENT FLOW PROCESS 241 4.2.1 PROCESS SCHEME
AND BASIC EQUATIONS 241 4.2.2 SINGLE SOLUTE ADSORPTION 242 4.2.3
MULTICOMPONENT ADSORPTION 244 4.3 MULTI-STAGE CONCURRENT FLOW PROCESS
248 4.3.1 GENERAL ASSESSMENT 248 4.3.2 OPTIMIZATION OF SINGLE-SOLUTE
SYSTEMS 249 4.3.3 OPTIMIZATION OF MULTICOMPONENT SYSTEMS 251 4.4
MULTI-STAGE CARBON ADDITION FOR THE SELECTIVE REMOVAL OF SPECIFIC
MIXTURE COMPONENTS 253 4.4.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT 253 4.4.2 SEPARATION OF
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS BY ADSORBABILITY . . . . 255 5 KINETICS OF ADSORPTION
5.1 INTRODUCTION 258 5.2 MASS BALANCE EQUATIONS FOR A CLOSED SYSTEM 258
5.3 EXTERNAL MASS TRANSFER 259 5.4 EVALUATION OF EXTERNAL MASS TRANSFER
262 5.4.1 EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF THE EXTERNAL MASS TRANSFER
COEFFICIENT 262 5.4.2 EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF THE RATE CONTROLLING
MECHANISM . 270 5.4.3 CALCULATION OF THE EXTERNAL MASS TRANSFER
COEFFICIENT BY EMPIRICAL CORRELATIONS 273 5.4.4 IMPACT OF MOLECULAR SIZE
ON LIQUID DIFF USIVITIES AND EXTERNAL MASS TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS 279
5.4.5 EXTERNAL MASS TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS OF MIXTURES 283 5.5 INTERNAL
MASS TRANSFER FOR SINGLE COMPONENTS 292 5.5.1 INTRODUCTION 292 5.5.2 THE
SURFACE DIFFUSION MODEL 292 5.5.3 SIMPLIFICATION OF THE SURFACE
DIFFUSION MODEL 296 5.5.4 THE PORE DIFFUSION MODEL 297 5.5.5 MODELS
WHICH ACCOUNT FOR DIFFUSION RESISTANCES IN MACROPORES AND MICROPORES 299
5.6 EVALUATION OF INTERNAL MASS TRANSFER FOR SINGLE COMPONENTS . 300
5.6.1 INTRODUCTION 300 5.6.2 DETERMINATION OF THE SURFACE DIFFUSION
COEFFICIENT . . . . 303 5.6.3 DETERMINATION OF THE PORE DIFFUSION
COEFFICIENT 307 5.7 APPLICATION OF THE TRANSPORT MODELS 312 5.7.1
COMPARISON OF PORE AND SURFACE DIFFUSION MODELS . . . . 312 5.7.2 THE
COMBINED PORE AND SURFACE DIFFUSION MODEL 313 5.7.3 FACTORS INFLUENCING
THE SURFACE DIFFUSIVITY 321 5.7.4 IMPACT OF THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF
THE ADSORBATE AND ADSORBENT ON INTERNAL MASS TRANSFER 325 5.8 INTERNAL
MASS TRANSPORT OF MULTICOMPONENT MIXTURES . . 331 5.9 INTERNAL MASS
TRANSFER OF HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT ADSORBATES AND UNKNOWN MIXTURES 339
5.10 INTERNAL MASS TRANSFER OF LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT COMPOUNDS IN THE
PRESENCE OF HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT COMPOUNDS . . 348 6 GRANULAR ACTIVATED
CARBON (G AC) ADSORBERS 6.1 INTRODUCTION 349 6.2 ADSORBTIONOF SINGLE
SUBSTANCES IN FIXED-BEDS . . . . 352 6.2.1 EQUILIBRIUM BREAKTHROUGH
352 6.2.2 DISPERSED BREAKTHROUGH CURVES 355 6.2.2.1 GENERAL 355 6.2.2.2
DESCRIPTION OF THE ADSORPTION EQUILIBRIUM BY THE SEPARATION FACTOR 358
6.3 SINGLE COMPONENT FIXED-BED MODELS . . 362 6.3.1 INTRODUCTION 362
6.3.2 LIQUID-PHASE MASS BALANCE 365 6.3.3 LOCAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL 368
6.3.3.1 ANALYTICAL SOLUTION 368 6.3.3.2 INFLUENCE OF EQUILIBRIUM
ISOTHERM SHAPE ON THE BREAKTHROUGH CURVE 369 6.3.4 COMPLETE MASS BALANCE
374 6.3.4.1 DISPERSED- AND PLUG-FLOW HOMOGENEOUS SURFACE DIFFUSION
MODELS 374 6.3.4.2 DISPERSED-AND PLUG-FLOW PORE AND SURFACE DIFFUSION
MODELS . 377 6.3.5 DIMENSIONLESSFORMOF THE MODELS 381 6.3.5.1
DISPERSED-FLOW HOMOGENEOUS SURFACE DIFFUSION MODEL . . 381 6.3.5.2
DISPERSED-FLOW PORE AND SURFACE DIFFUSION MODEL . . . . 385 6.3.6
INFLUENCE OF THE DIMENSIONLESS PARAMETERS ON THE BREAKTHROUGH CURVE 387
6.4 SOLUTION METHODS FOR THE FIXED-BED MODELS 396 6.4.1 ANALYTICAL
SOLUTIONS 396 6.4.2 NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS 397 6.4.3 CONSTANT PATTERN
SOLUTIONS TO THE PLUG-FLOW HOMOGENEOUS SURFACE DIFFUSION MODEL 398 6.4.4
APPROXIMATE METHODS USING SIMPLIFIED KINETICS 407 6.4.4.1 THE NTU-VALUE
APPROACH 407 6.4.4.2 SIMPLIFIED KINETIC MODELS UNDER CONSTANT PATTERN
CONDITIONS . 411 6.4.4.3 THE SECOND ORDER KINETIC MODEL 418 6.5
MULTICOMPONENT FIXED-BED MODELS 422 6.5.1 INTRODUCTION 422 6.5.2 LOCAL
EQUILIBRIUM MODEL FOR MULTICOMPONENT MIXTURES . . . 426 6.5.3 EXTERNAL
MASS TRANSFER AND INTERNAL DIFFUSION MODELS . . . 432 6.5.3.1
INTRODUCTION 432 6.5.3.2 DISPERSED-FLOW HOMOGENEOUS SURFACE DIFFUSION
MODEL . . 434 6.5.3.3 DISPERSED-FLOW PORE AND SURFACE DIFFUSION MODEL .
. . . 435 6.6 MULTICOMPONENT BREAKTHROUGH CALCULATIONS 436 6.6.1
INTRODUCTION 436 6.6.2 ADSORBER CALCULATIONS WITH THE EQUILIBRIUM COLUMN
MODEL . . 436 6.6.3 MASS TRANSFER MODEL CALCULATIONS FOR KNOWN MIXTURES
. . . 442 6.6.4 MODEL CALCULATIONS FOR UNKNOWN MIXTURES 448 6.7 RAPID
SMALL-SCALE COLUMN TESTS 462 6.7.1 INTRODUCTION 462 6.7.2 DEVELOPMENT OF
SCALING EQUATIONS 463 6.7.3 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN 465 6.7.4 CASE STUDIES
FOR SPECIFIC ORGANIC CHEMICAL REMOVAL . . . . 466 6.7.5 CASE STUDIES FOR
PREDICTING DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATTER REMOVAL . 471 6.8 EMPIRICAL
EVALUATION OF COLLECTIVE PARAMETER REMOVAL BY GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON
473 6.8.1 INTRODUCTION 473 6.8.2 REMOVAL EFFICIENCY MODEL 474 6.8.3
GENERALIZED LOGISTIC FUNCTION MODEL 479 7 PRACTICAL USE OF ACTIVATED
CARBON IN WATER TREATMENT 7.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 481 7.1.1
INTRODUCTION 481 7.1.2 REPORTING OF ADSORPTION PERFORMANCE 481 7.2
EXPERIENCE WITH POWDERED ACTIVATED CARBON 484 7.2.1 GENERAL
CONSIDERATIONS . . . * 484 7.2.2 USEOFPAC FOR DRINKING WATER TREATMENT
485 7.2.2.1 POINT OF PAC ADDITION 485 7.2.2.2 REMOVAL OF TASTE AND ODOR
WITH PAC 486 7.2.2.3 CONTROLLING TRIHALOMETHANES WITH PAC 488 7.2.2.4
USE OF PAC IN FILTERS 489 7.2.3 USE OF PAC IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT 491
7.2.3.1 PROCESS DEVELOPMENT 491 7.2.3.2 PROCESS CONDITIONS 492 7.2.3.3
PROCESS APPLICATIONS 492 7.3 EXPERIENCE WITH GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON
497 7.3.1 GRANULAR OR POWDERED ACTIVATED CARBON 497 7.3.2 BREAKTHROUGH
BEHAVIOR OF ACTIVATED CARBON COLUMNS . . . 498 7.3.3 DISPLACEMENT
EFFECTS IN GAC COLUMNS 503 7.3.4 BACKWASHING OF GAC COLUMNS 507 7.3.4.1
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 507 7.3.4.2 EFFECT ON THE MASS TRANSFER ZONE 507
7.3.4.3 STRATIFICATION OF CARBON PARTICLES ACCORDING TO ACTIVITY AND
PARTICLE SIZE 509 7.3.5 REPLACEMENT OF SAND IN A FILTER BY GAC 510 7.3.6
THE USE OF GAC FOR TRIHALOMETHANE CONTROL 511 7.4 REMOVAL OF
MICROPOLLUTANTS WITH GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON 511 7.4.1 INTRODUCTION
511 7.4.2 OBSERVATIONS IN WATER TREATMENT PLANTS 512 7.4.3 IMPACT OF THE
NOM ADSORPTION OR CARBON FOULING . . . . 515 7.4.3.1 REDUCTION OF
ADSORPTION CAPACITY FOR HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS 515 7.4.3.2 ADSORPTION
CAPACITY REDUCTION THROUGH FOULING FOR DIFFERENT MICROPOLLUTANTS 518
7.4.3.3 CARBON LOADING AND THE FOULING EFFECT 520 7.4.4 INFLUENCE OF
PROCESS CONDITIONS ON CARBON FOULING . . . . 523 7.4.5 MODEL
CALCULATIONS FOR THE REMOVAL OF MICROPOLLUTANTS IN THE PRESENCE OF
NATURAL ORGANIC MATTER 526 7.4.5.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 526 7.4.5.2
ADSORPTION CAPACITY EVALUATION 527 7.4.5.3 MASS TRANSPORT CONSIDERATIONS
529 7.4.5.4 MODEL CALCULATIONS FOR MICROPOLLUTANT REMOVAL 531 7.4.6
SIMPLIFIED CALCULATION METHODS 532 7.4.7 DESIGN AND PROCESS
CONSIDERATIONS 534 7.5 THE INFLUENCE OF PRETREATMENT ON ACTIVATED CARBON
PERFORMANCE 538 7.5.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 538 7.5.2 EFFECTS OF A
FLOCCULATION PRETREATMENT 538 7.5.3 EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL
PREOXIDATION 543 7.6 BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY IN GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON
COLUMNS . 546 7.6.1 IMPORTANCE OF BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES FOR WATER
TREATMENT . . 546 7.6.2 WASTEWATER TREATMENT 547 7.6.2.1 PHYSICAL
WASTEWATER TREATMENT 547 7.6.2.2 TERTIARY TREATMENT 549 7.6.3 BIOLOGICAL
ACTIVITY IN GAC COLUMNS OF DRINKING WATER TREATMENT 552 7.6.3.1 OVERVIEW
552 7.6.3.2 BREMEN WATERWORKS 552 7.6.3.3 THE MIILHEIM PROCESS 556
7.6.3.4 OTHER STUDIES 560 7.6.4 MICROORGANISMS IN GAC COLUMNS 562
7.6.4.1 GENERAL STUDIES 562 7.6.4.2 BACTERIAL GROWTH RATES 565 7.6.4.3
MATHEMATICAL MODELS DESCRIBING BIOLOGICAL DEGREDATION IN GAC COLUMNS 568
7.6.5 STUDIES USING HUMIC SUBSTANCES FROM GROUNDWATER . . . . 570
7.6.5.1 GENERAL ASPECTS AND GOALS 570 7.6.5.2 COLUMN EXPERIMENTS 571
7.6.5.3 ADSORPTION BEHAVIOR 577 7.7 INORGANIC AND CATALYTIC REACTIONS AT
THE ACTIVATED CARBON SURFACE 582 7.7.1 INTRODUCTION 582 7.7.2 REACTION
WITH OXYGEN 582 7.7.3 REACTION WITH AQUEOUS CHLORINE 583 7.7.3.1 GENERAL
CONSIDERATIONS 583 7.7.3.2 REACTION WITH FREE CHLORINE 584 7.7.3.2.1
NATURE OF THE REACTION 584 7.7.3.2.2 MODELING OF THE DECHLORINATION
REACTION 587 7.7.3.2.3 EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PARAMETERS 589 7.7.3.2.4
EFFECT ON THE EXTENT OF THE REACTION 590 7.7.3.3 REACTION WITH
MONOCHLORAMINE 591 7.7.3.3.1 NATUREOF THE REACTION 591 7.7.3.3.2
MODELING OF THE NH 2 CI *GAC REACTION 592 7.7.3.3.3 EFFECT OF DIFFERENT
OPERATION PARAMETERS 592 7.7.3.4 REACTION WITH DICHLORAMINE 593
7.7.3.4.1 NATUREOF THE REACTION 593 7.7.3.4.2 REACTION PERFORMANCE
PREDICTIONS 593 7.7.4 REACTION WITH CHLORINE DIOXIDE, CHLORITE AND
CHLORATE . . . 594 7.7.5 REACTION WITH OZONE, HYDROGEN PEROXIDE AND
CHROMATE . . 595 7.7.6 REACTIONS OF AQUOUSOXIDANTS WITH ADSORBED
COMPOUNDS . . 596 7.8 DESIGN AND OPERATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FILTERS
. . . . 597 7.8.1 PROCESS DESCRIPTION 597 7.8.1.1 FIXED-BED CONTRACTORS
597 7.8.1.2 CONTINOUS COUNTER-CURRENT CARBON ADSORBERS 602 7.8.2
PRACTICAL OPERATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FILTERS 604 7.8.2.1 BACKWASHING
OF CARBON FILTERS . . . 604 7.8.2.2 TRANSPORT OF ACTIVATED CARBON IN
PIPES 605 7.8.3 OPTIMUM SELECTION OF BED OPERATION 607 7.9 COST
CONSIDERATIONS 609 8 REACTIVATION AND REGENERATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON
8.1 INTRODUCTION 614 8.2 REGENERATION PROCESSES APPLIED TO WATER T
TREATMENT CARBONS 615 8.2.1 STEAM REGENERATION 615 8.2.2 THERMAL
DESORPTION 616 8.2.3 PHYSICOCHEMICAL REGENERATION 620 8.2.3.1 AQUEOUS
SOLUTION EXTRACTION 620 8.2.3.2 ORGANIC SOLVENT EXTRACTION 621 8.2.3.3
EXTRACTION WITH SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE 624 8.2.4
BIOLOGICALLY-INDUCED REGENERATION 624 8.3 THERMAL REACTIVATION PROCESSES
625 8.3.1 OVERVIEW 625 8.3.2 THERMAL DESORPTION WITHOUT DECOMPOSITION
628 8.3.3 THERMAL DESORPTION AFTER DECOMPOSITION 633 8.3.4 CARBONIZATION
AND REACTIVATION 634 8.4 THERMAL REACTIVATION PRACTICE 637 8.4.1
REACTIVATION REQUIREMENTS AND CRITERIA 637 8.4.2 THERMAL REACTIVATION
FURNACES 637 8.4.3 REACTIVATION OF POWDERED ACTIVATED CARBONS 640 8.4.4
REACTIVATION PLANT OPERATION 644 A APPENDIX A.1 EQUILIBRIUM ISOTHERM
PARAMETER VALUES FOR SINGLE- SOLUTE ADSORPTION FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
648 A.2 EVALUATION OF SURFACE DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS FROM BATCH REACTOR
DATA 661 A.3 DETERMINATION OF THE MINIMUM STANTON NUMBER FOR CONSTANT
PATTERN CONDITIONS 662 REFERENCES 664 INDEX * 717
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Sontheimer, Heinrich Crittenden, John Summers, R. Scott |
| author_facet | Sontheimer, Heinrich Crittenden, John Summers, R. Scott |
| author_role | aut aut aut |
| author_sort | Sontheimer, Heinrich |
| author_variant | h s hs j c jc r s s rs rss |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV004373072 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)260142910 (DE-599)BVBBV004373072 |
| edition | 2. ed. in Engl. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV004373072 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T16:12:06Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3922671209 |
| language | Undetermined |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-002714350 |
| oclc_num | 260142910 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 722 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1988 |
| publishDateSearch | 1988 |
| publishDateSort | 1988 |
| publisher | DVGW-Forschungsstelle |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Sontheimer, Heinrich Verfasser aut Activated carbon for water treatment Sontheimer ; Crittenden ; Summers 2. ed. in Engl. Karlsruhe DVGW-Forschungsstelle 1988 722 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturverz. S. 664 - 716. - 1. Aufl. u.d.T.: Adsorptionsverfahren zur Wasserreinigung Aktivierung Chemie (DE-588)4141761-6 gnd rswk-swf Kohlenstoff (DE-588)4164538-8 gnd rswk-swf Wasserreinigung (DE-588)4274580-9 gnd rswk-swf Kohlenstoff (DE-588)4164538-8 s Aktivierung Chemie (DE-588)4141761-6 s Wasserreinigung (DE-588)4274580-9 s DE-604 Crittenden, John Verfasser aut Summers, R. Scott Verfasser aut HEBIS Datenaustausch Darmstadt application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=002714350&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Sontheimer, Heinrich Crittenden, John Summers, R. Scott Activated carbon for water treatment Aktivierung Chemie (DE-588)4141761-6 gnd Kohlenstoff (DE-588)4164538-8 gnd Wasserreinigung (DE-588)4274580-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4141761-6 (DE-588)4164538-8 (DE-588)4274580-9 |
| title | Activated carbon for water treatment |
| title_auth | Activated carbon for water treatment |
| title_exact_search | Activated carbon for water treatment |
| title_full | Activated carbon for water treatment Sontheimer ; Crittenden ; Summers |
| title_fullStr | Activated carbon for water treatment Sontheimer ; Crittenden ; Summers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Activated carbon for water treatment Sontheimer ; Crittenden ; Summers |
| title_short | Activated carbon for water treatment |
| title_sort | activated carbon for water treatment |
| topic | Aktivierung Chemie (DE-588)4141761-6 gnd Kohlenstoff (DE-588)4164538-8 gnd Wasserreinigung (DE-588)4274580-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Aktivierung Chemie Kohlenstoff Wasserreinigung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=002714350&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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