Assessing the adoption of conservation agriculture in Zimbabwe's smallholder sector:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Abschlussarbeit Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Beuren ; Stuttgart
Grauer
2008
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVI, 174 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 21 cm |
| ISBN: | 9783861865469 |
Internformat
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| 100 | 1 | |a Siziba, Shephard |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Assessing the adoption of conservation agriculture in Zimbabwe's smallholder sector |c Shephard Siziba |
| 264 | 1 | |a Beuren ; Stuttgart |b Grauer |c 2008 | |
| 300 | |a XVI, 174 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. |c 21 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
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| 502 | |a Zugl.: Hohenheim, Univ., Diss., 2008 | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Wirtschaft | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Agricultural conservation |z Zimbabwe | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Sustainable agriculture |z Zimbabwe | |
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| 651 | 4 | |a Zimbabwe |x Economic conditions | |
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| 943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017004206 | |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1806962702252244992 |
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.i
SUMMARY.ü
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG.v
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS.xü
LIST OF TABLES.xiii
LIST OF FIGURES™.xv
1 INTRODUCTION.I
1.1 Introduction.1
1.2 Focus of the study.2
1.3 Researchable problem.,.2
1.4 Objectives of the study.3
1.6 Significance of the study.4
1.7 Summary of research methods.5
1.8 Organization of the thesis.5
2 BACKGROUND.6
2.1 Zimbabwe, economy and agricultural sector.6
2.1.1 Agroecological zones.7
2.3 Declining food production.11
2.4 Land degradation in Zimbabwe.12
2.4.1 The mouldboard plough.13
2.5 Control of soil erosion. 14
2.6 Conservation Agriculture. 16
2.6.1 Definition of CA.16
2.6.2 Principles of CA:.16
2.6.3 Conventional tillage.17
2.6.4 Minimum tillage.17
2.6.5 No-till/Zero tillage.17
2.6.6 Mulching.IS
2.6.7 Practices not compatible with CA (adoptedfrom FAO, 2002).20
2.7 State of CA adoption.20
2.8 CIMMYT's CA promotion in Zimbabwe.21
2.8.1 Trialed CA technologies.22
2.9 Summary.25
3 LITERATURE REVIEW.27
3.1 Innovations/New technologies.27
3.2 Definition of adoption.27
3.3 Adoption process.27
3.4 Theories on unevenness of technology adoption.28
3.4.1 Rogers's Diffusion theory.28
3.4.2 Resource Scarcity hypothesis.29
3.4.3 Capital Constraint hypothesis.29
3.4.4 Learning Cost hypothesis.30
3.4.5 Risk Aversion hypothesis.30
3.4.6 Farmer's Perceptions hypothesis.30
3.5 A framework for studying adoption of conservation agriculture.31
3.6 Factors affecting adoption.33
3.6.1 Characteristics and circumstances of the farmer.33
3.6.2 Information.35
3.6.3 Social cultural factors.35
3.6.4 Characteristics of the technology.36
3.6.5 Economic factors.37
3.7Externalities and CA.38
3.S Empirical studies on economics of CA.40
3.8.1 Labour savings.40
3.8.2 Fuel cost savings.42
3.8.3 Machinery cost savings.43
3.8.4 Private profitability of conservation agriculture systems.44
3.8.5 Down stream benefits ofCA.44
3.9 Conclusion, lessons learnt.46
4. METHODOLOGY._.47
4.1 The study sites.47
4.2 Assessing adoption potential.48
4.2.1 Approach used to assess potential adoption of CA.49
4.2.2 Data collection tool.51
4.2.3 Sampling.52
4.2.4 Statistical analysis of survey data.52
4.3 Assessing relative profitability ofCA.52
4.3.1 Agronomie trials.52
4.3.2 Experimental design.53
4.3.3 Data collected.54
4.3. 4 Collecting labour data from trials (Adoptedfrom Franzel (1997).55
4.3.5 Labour data collection methods used by the study.57
4.3.6 Statistical analysis of agronomic data.58
4.4 Profitability analysis.58
4.4.1 Enterprise budgeting.58
4.4.2 Stochastic returns.59
4.5 Farmers' preliminary assessment of CA.59
5 SOCIO-ECONOMIC DIAGNOSIS.61
5.7 Demographic characteristics.61
5.2.1 Livelihood sources.63
5.2.2 Household expenditure patterns.65
5.2.3 Income poverty.66
5.3 Farm resources.68
5.3.1 Access to arable land.68
5.3.2 Access to labour.69
5.3.3 Farm equipment and other household assets owned. 70
5.3.4 Livestock raised. 72
5.4 Crop production. 73
5.4.1 Cultivated crops. 73
5.4.2 Cropping pattern. 74
5.4.3 Yields of important crops. 76
5.5 Agronomic practices. 77
5.5.1 Tillage practices. 77
5.5.1.1 Soil erosion and soil compaction. 78
5.5.2 Input use on major crops.80
5.5.2.1 Fertilizer application rates.81
5.5.2.2 Weeding.82
5.5.2.3 Fate of maize residues.84
5.6 Institutional settings.85
5.6.1 Land rights and land markets.85
5.6.1.1 Fencing-offfields.87
5.6.2 Access to credit.88
5.6.3 Extension.89
5.6.4 Farmer groups.90
5.6.5 Input and output markets.91
5.7 Discussion: implications for CA adoption.92
5.S Summary.96
6 TECHNOLOGY PERFORMANCE AND PROFITABILITY.98
6.1 Physical yield performance.98
6.1.1 Mean yield comparisons.98
6.2 Labour use profiles.105
6.3 Production costs.///
6.4 Financial returns.113
6.5 Sensitivity assessment.117
6.5.1 Break-even grain yield and labour use.119
6.6 Profitability under different CA cost scenarios.122
6.7Simulations analysis: stochastic returns. 125
6.7.1 Simulating long term scenario.130
6.8 Discussion.133
6.9 Conclusion.135
7 FARMER VIEWS.137
7.1 Introduction.137
7.2 Causes of low maize yields.137
7.2.1 Causes of poor maize yields in Zimuto. 137
7.2.2 Causes of low maize yields in Shamva.141
7.3 Assessment of trialed technologies.143
7.3.1 Farmer views on technology performance, Zimuto.143
7.3.2 Farmer views on technology performance, Shamva.146
7.3.3 Summary of relative labour demand.148
7.3.4 Drudgery considerations.149
7.4 Possible adaptations. 151
7.5 Diversity of circumstances, attitudes and preferences.152
7.6 Discussion. 155
7.7 Conclusion.-. 157
8. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS.158
REFERENCES.-.163
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 Zimbabwe's economic performance (1999-2004).7
Table 2.2 The natural regions of Zimbabwe.8
Table 2.3 Zimbabwe's maize production compared to Malawi and Zambia.11
Table 2.4 Total area under no-till in different countries (hectares).21
Table 3.1 Potential economic benefits and costs associated with conservation
agriculture and their incidence.39
Table 3.2 Land preparation time comparisons for conventional and CA.40
Table 3.3 Weeding strategies of Veracruz farmers, Mexico.42
Table 3.4 Summary of findings on fuel cost savings.43
Table 4.1 Trial treatments.54
Table 5.1.1 Demographic characteristics of households.62
Table 5.2.1 Income sources and their share of total income.64
Table 5.2.2 Household expenditure.65
Table 5.2.3 Income poverty.67
Table 5.3.1 Type of arable land owned.69
Table 5.3.2 Access to arable land and its distribution among households (ha).69
Table 5.3.3 Access to labour.70
Table 5.3.4 Farm equipment and other household assets owned.71
Table 5.3.5 Livestock owned.73
Table 5.4.1 Cultivated crops.74
Table 5.4.2 Area cultivated to crops (ha).75
Table 5.4.3 Yield of important crops (kg/ha).77
Table 5.5.1 Tillage practices.78
Table 5.5.2 Input use on major crops.81
Table 5.5.3 Application rates on most fertilized crops (kg/ha).82
Table 5.5.4 Weeding practices on maize.83
Table 5.6.1 Land tenure.86
Table 5.6.2 Fenced-off land (ha).87
Table 5.6.3 Access to agricultural inputs credit.89
Table 5.6.4 Contact with extension service.90
Table 5.6.5 Farmers' social groups.91
Table 6.1.1 Maize grain and stover yields, Zimuto (2006-2007).99
Table 6.1.2 Maize grain and stover yields, Shamva (2006-2007).99
Table 6.2.1 Mean labour use on treatments in Zimuto (person-hours/ha).105
Table 6.2.2 Mean labour use on treatments in Shamva (person-hours/ha).106
Table 6.2.3 Percentage of annual maize labour for activities.110
Table 6.3.1 Variable costs by treatment (USD/ha).112
Table 6.3.2 Fixed costs for implement ownership (USD).113
Table 6.4.1 Base scenario profitability of the technologies.114
Table 6.5.1 Sensitivity of returns to family-labor (RTL) to changes in its elements
relative to the base scenario (%).118
Table 6.5.2 Break-even equations for maize grain yield and labour use.120
Table 6.6.1 Profitability of CA options under selected cost scenarios, RTL
(USD/person-hour).123
Table 6.7.1 Distributions of the elements of RTL, Zimuto.126
Table 6.7.2 Distributions of the elements of RTL, Shamva.127
Table 6.7.3 Simulated RTL (USD/person-hour).128
Table 7.3.1 Performance comparison of the technologies in Zimuto (2005/6).144
Table 7.3.2 Labour demand scoring for the technologies, Shamva (2005/6).147
LIST OF FIGURES
Fig. 2.1 Map of Zimbabwe showing Natural Regions.9
Fig. 2.2 Per capita maize grain consumption in Zimbabwe (1990-2004).12
Fig. 2.3 The soil conservation effect of crop residue mulching.19
Fig. 3.1 A conceptual framework for studying conservation agriculture adoption. 32
Fig. 4.1 Map of Zimbabwe showing the location of study sites.48
Fig. 4.2 Farming Systems Model as an aid to diagnosis.51
Fig. 43 Layout of trial plots.S3
Fig. 5.4.1 Aggregate area shares of cultivated crops.76
Fig. 5.5.1 Perceptions of soil erosion and compaction.79
Fig. 5.5.2 Measures taken to abate soil erosion on crop fields.79
Fig. 5.5.2 Inorganic fertilizer allocation to crops.82
Fig. 5.5.3 Maize residue utilization.84
Fig. 5.6.1 Aggregate proportions of fenced fields.88
Fig. 6.1 Cumulative distributions of maize yields for DS, RP and CP in Zimuto. 102
Fig. 6.2 Cumulative distributions of yield gains over the CP in Zimuto.103
Fig. 6.3 Cumulative distributions of maize yields for DS, RP and CP in Shamva. 104
Fig. 6.4 Cumulative distributions of yield gains over the CP in Shamva.104
Fig. 6.5 Labour use profiles by treatment, Zimuto.110
Fig. 6.6 Labour use profiles by treatment, Zimuto.Ill
Fig. 6.7 The break-even yields under the base scenario, Zimuto and Shamva.121
Fig. 6.8 The break-even labour use under the base scenario, Shamva.121
Fig. 6.9 Performance of CA options under selected scenarios compared to base
scenario CP, Zimuto.124
Fig. 6.10 Performance of CA options under selected scenarios compared to base
scenario CP, Shamva.124
Fig. 6.11 Cumulative distribution of simulated RTL, Zimuto.129
Fig. 6.12 Cumulative distribution of simulated RTL, Shamva.129
Fig. 6.13 Projected maize yields in Zimuto and Shamva.131
Fig. 6.14 Returns to family labour over a 10 year planning period.132
Fig. 7.1 A scored causal diagram for low maize yields in Zimuto.138
Fig. 7.2 Scored casual diagram for low maize yields in Sbamva.142
Fig. 7.3 Summary of farmer's relative labour demand scorings.148
Fig. 7.4 Labour time and drudgery comparisons.150
xvi |
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| genre_facet | Hochschulschrift |
| geographic | Zimbabwe Economic conditions Simbabwe (DE-588)4049850-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Zimbabwe Economic conditions Simbabwe |
| id | DE-604.BV035197713 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-08-10T01:38:39Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783861865469 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017004206 |
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| physical | XVI, 174 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 21 cm |
| publishDate | 2008 |
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| spelling | Siziba, Shephard Verfasser aut Assessing the adoption of conservation agriculture in Zimbabwe's smallholder sector Shephard Siziba Beuren ; Stuttgart Grauer 2008 XVI, 174 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 21 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zugl.: Hohenheim, Univ., Diss., 2008 Wirtschaft Agricultural conservation Zimbabwe Sustainable agriculture Zimbabwe Kleinbauer (DE-588)4123525-3 gnd rswk-swf Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4034402-2 gnd rswk-swf Nachhaltigkeit (DE-588)4326464-5 gnd rswk-swf Zimbabwe Economic conditions Simbabwe (DE-588)4049850-5 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Simbabwe (DE-588)4049850-5 g Kleinbauer (DE-588)4123525-3 s Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4034402-2 s Nachhaltigkeit (DE-588)4326464-5 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017004206&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Siziba, Shephard Assessing the adoption of conservation agriculture in Zimbabwe's smallholder sector Wirtschaft Agricultural conservation Zimbabwe Sustainable agriculture Zimbabwe Kleinbauer (DE-588)4123525-3 gnd Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4034402-2 gnd Nachhaltigkeit (DE-588)4326464-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4123525-3 (DE-588)4034402-2 (DE-588)4326464-5 (DE-588)4049850-5 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Assessing the adoption of conservation agriculture in Zimbabwe's smallholder sector |
| title_auth | Assessing the adoption of conservation agriculture in Zimbabwe's smallholder sector |
| title_exact_search | Assessing the adoption of conservation agriculture in Zimbabwe's smallholder sector |
| title_full | Assessing the adoption of conservation agriculture in Zimbabwe's smallholder sector Shephard Siziba |
| title_fullStr | Assessing the adoption of conservation agriculture in Zimbabwe's smallholder sector Shephard Siziba |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessing the adoption of conservation agriculture in Zimbabwe's smallholder sector Shephard Siziba |
| title_short | Assessing the adoption of conservation agriculture in Zimbabwe's smallholder sector |
| title_sort | assessing the adoption of conservation agriculture in zimbabwe s smallholder sector |
| topic | Wirtschaft Agricultural conservation Zimbabwe Sustainable agriculture Zimbabwe Kleinbauer (DE-588)4123525-3 gnd Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4034402-2 gnd Nachhaltigkeit (DE-588)4326464-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Wirtschaft Agricultural conservation Zimbabwe Sustainable agriculture Zimbabwe Kleinbauer Landwirtschaft Nachhaltigkeit Zimbabwe Economic conditions Simbabwe Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017004206&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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