Jakoruda - bălgarskata drama:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Bulgarian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Sofija
Centăr za Izsledvanija na Bălgarite Tangra TanNakRa
2007
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. izd. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | In kyrill. Schr., bulg. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Beschreibung: | 783 S. zahlr. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9789543780228 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Jakoruda - bălgarskata drama |c Živko Sachatčiev |
| 250 | |a 1. izd. | ||
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| 300 | |a 783 S. |b zahlr. Ill. | ||
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| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016278285&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Abstract |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804137320324005888 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Живко САХАПИЕВ
СЪДЪРЖАНИЕ
ЗА КНИГАТА
-
проф. дин
Георги Марков
---------------------------------9
ABOUT
ТШЅ
BOOK
- Prof.
Georgi
Markov
-------------------------------12
ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ
---------------------------------------------------------------15
FCYRFWOTřTi ~
__ __-___-__ _ - 91
X
V/XVL/
τ τ
VyjLVI-/
Љ
X
I.
ГЕОГРАФСКО ПОЛОЖЕНИЕ И ПРИРОДНИ УСЛОВИЯ
----------28
1.
Географско положение и граници
------------------------------------28
2ppTŢPfh
____________________________________ __ __ __ ________ 90
3.
Полезни изкопаеми
------------------------------------------------------33
4
5
A. Реки и езера
----------------------------------------------------------35
Б. Каскада
„Белмекен -Сестримо
-----------------------------------40
B. Якоруцски минерални води
---------------------------------------42
6.
Почви, растителност и животни
--------------------------------------45
II.
ДАЛЕЧНИ ВРЕМЕНА.
---------------------------------------------------54
1.
Следи от древността
----------------------------------------------------55
2.
Откога съществува Якоруда
-------------------------------------------62
3.
За произхода на името Якоруда
--------------------------------------63
4.
Якоруда в турските документи от
XVI
и
XVII
век
----------------65
5.
Помохамеданчването.
--------------------------------------------------77
III.
УЧАСТИЕТО НА ЖОРУДЧЕНИ В НАЦИОНАЛНО-
ОСВОБОДИТЕЛНИТЕ БОРБИ
---------------------------------------85
1.
В легията на Раковски
--------------------------------------------------86
2.
Първите книжари в София
--------------------------------------------88
3.
Подготовка за въстание
------------------------------------------------95
4.
Участие на якоруцчени в Априлското въстание
------------------100
5.
Отношението на българите мохамедани
---------------------------108
IV.
РУСКО-ТУРСКАТА ОСВОБОДИТЕЛНА ВОЙНА
---------------111
V.
БОРБАТА ЗА СВОБОДА ПРОДЪЛЖАВА
---------------------------116
1ΐΥττ-ίίΎΠ|·
ТТГЧТГ
ΙΛΓΛΓίί^ΤΏίΛ
—
ш. т.
■_.... _.„ __ *. _._. __ _мнмн_м»■■■_н·--■l>·■■-■
lin
2.
Създаване
на ВМОРО
-------------------------------------------------119
ЯКОРУДА
-
БЪЛГАРСКАТА
АРАМА__________
6
3.
Участие в Иливденско-Преображенското въстание
--------------133
4.
Борбата за свобода продължава
--------------------------------------144
5.
Хуриета
-------------------------------------------------------------------151
VI.
БАЛКАНСКАТА ВОЙНА И ОСВОБОЖДЕНИЕТО
НА
ÇTKTíPVTTA
____ — - — — - -______________________
-IS
5
Vu.
ВМРО В ОБЩЕСТВЕНО-ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЯ ЖИВОТ НА
ЯКОРУДА СЛЕД ОСВОБОЖДЕНИЕТО
---------------------------168
1.
До
19
май
1934
година.
-----------------------------------------------168
2.
След
10
ноември
1989
година
----------------------------------------180
νΠΙ.
УЧАСТИЕ В БОРБАТА ПРОТИВ КАПИТАЛИЗМА
И ФАШИЗМА
----------------------------------------------------------192
1.
Началото
------------------------------------------------------------------192
2.
Партизанското движение
---------------------------------------------200
3.
Приносът на якорудчени в антифашистката борба
извън Якоруда
----------------------------------------------------------230
A. В долината на Струма
---------------------------------------------230
Б. Софийската група. Атанас Хаджиянчев
------------------------231
B. Илия Кандин
--------------------------------------------------------234
Г. Иван Масларов
-----------------------------------------------------240
Д. Владимир Седлоев
-------------------------------------------------263
4.
Участие на якорудчени в работническото движение
r
ГАТТТ
____ - - — 971
ID -/JT% I I It ¿I
1
IX.
ЯКОРУДЧЕНИ В ОТЕЧЕСТВЕНАТА ВОЙНА
(1944-1945
Г.)
«281
X.
ОБЩЕСТВЕНО-ПОЛИТИЧЕСКАТА СИТУАЦИЯ
В ЯКОРУДА СЛЕД
9.
IX.
1944
ГОДИНА
----------------------------297
XI.
ИСТИНИ И ЗАБЛУДИ
--------------------------------------------------294
1.
Покръстване на българите мохамедани
през
1912-1913
година
------------------------------------------------294
2.
Родинското движение
-------------------------------------------------303
3.
Македонизацията
-------------------------------------------------------311
4.
Третото преименуване
------------------------------------------------314
•
XVXť J-V/IvJD JL J> Jjynt^vJjV/
«и
->—
^—
— — _ — _ — —
„„.н.
J
χ υ
6.
Операция
„Майско утро
----------------------------------------------325
7.
Златната
epa
-------------------------------------------------------------329
8.
Метежът в Корница
----------------------------------------------------331
7 __________________
Живко САХАШЕВ
XII.
ВТОРОТО ПОТУРЧВАНЕ
--------------------------------------------333
, Χ
CLOU/
У ЛХЛ>Ъ<Л>
·-■«- — — -■■ —
—-»«.г-
—
—wmm,w. — m,wmm,mm
» — — ·
*J *J *J
2.
Антибългарски прояви на ДПС.
-------------------------------------337
4.
Анкетна комисия на Народното събрание
-------------------------356
5.
Кметицата Найла Садих
----------------------------------------------364
6.
Брошури, списания, видеокасети и гости от Турция
------------372
7.
Действайте, ние сме зад вас!
-----------------------------------------378
XIII.
НАСЕЛЕНИЕ
------------------------------------------------------------394
1.
Брой, движение и състав
---------------------------------------------394
2.
Характерни черти
------------------------------------------------------399
3.
Петко Рачов Славейков
-----------------------------------------------404
4.
Никифор Попфилипов
------------------------------------------------409
5.
Якорудски родове
------------------------------------------------------414
XIV.
ПОМИНЪК
-------------------------------------------------------------440
1.
Селско стопанство.
-----------------------------------------------------440
2.
Търговия
с
катран
------------------------------------------------------447
3.
Дърводобив и дървопреработване
----------------------------------449
4.
Кооперативно дело
-----------------------------------------------------460
5.
Завод за дървообработващи машини.
-------------------------------469
6.
Шивашки цехове
-------------------------------------------------------456
XV.
ДУХОВЕН ЖИВОТ
-----------------------------------------------------478
1.
Църковно дело.
---------------------------------------------------------478
•
Фондация „Св. Георги Победоносец
----------------------------490
•
Евангелска църква
---------------------------------------------------500
2.
Просветно дело.
--------------------------------------------------------501
3.
Читалищна дейност
----------------------------------------------------524
4.
Здравеопазване
----------------------------------------------------------541
ЗТл/ПИЧТ-Д/Г
—_____________________ _________________
*Î4Q
•
Λ
J piíU.DJYl
——————————...—_..—.—.—.—.—-.«■._—-.-_-__—.__—— -.-.- - -_
j*fy
6.
Физкултура и спорт
----------------------------------------------------566
XVI.
НАРОДЕН БИТ И ЕТНОГРАФИЯ
---------------------------------579
1.
Якорудската
къщаа
-----------------------------------------------------579
2.
Якорудска
носия
--------------------------------------------------------588
А. Мъжка носия
--------------------------------------------------------589
Б.
Женска носия.
-------------------------------------------------------590
3.
Якорудска попрелка
----------------------------------------------------595
4.
Празници и празнувания.
---------------------------------------------598
5.
Обреди, обичаи и поверия
-------------------------------------------605
ЯКОРУДА
-
БЪЛГАРСКАТА
АРАМА___________
8
Г.
Свързани със смъртта
-----------------------------------------------639
6.
Детски игри и залъгалки
----------------------------------------------643
XVII.
ФОЛКЛОР
-------------------------------»-----------------------------650
1.
Якорудският говор
------------------------------------------------------650
A. Фонетични особености
--------------------------------------------650
Б. Морфологични форми
----------------------------------------------656
B. Няколко думи за богатия якорудски говор
---------------------659
2.
Речник на типични якорудски думи
---------------------------------662
3.
Народни песни
-----------------------------------------------------------683
4.
Народни умотворения
--------------------------------------------------703
А. Пословици и поговорки
-------------------------------------------703
Б. Благопожелания.
-----------------------------------------------------703
BV
пртшт
__________________________________________________718
5.
Топонимия
---------------------------------------------------------------719
XVIII.
КМЕТОВЕТЕ
НА
ЯКОРУДА
---------------------------------------744
ИЗПОЛЗВАНА ЛИТЕРАТУРА
----------------------------------------------778
ПОСЛЕСЛОВ
------------------------------------------------------------------780
21 __________________
Живко САХАШЕВ
FOREWORD
This book Yakomda: The Bulgarian Drama has been an attempt at an overall
regional study of my native parts. In the beginning, attention has been paid to
its lovely natural scenery: the breathtaking peaks and deep valleys, the spacious
Alpine forest clearings, the large coniferous and deciduous forests, the rare
plant and animal species, the transparent tear-like glacial lakes and rumbling
brooks and small rivers, the curative mineral springs. This is an invaluable
wealth, associated with romantic fables and legends about wood nymphs and
people s defenders. The injuries inflicted on the natural environment through
its irrational and irresponsible use have been pointed out with a feeling of deep
pain, and persistent appeals have been addressed for its conservation.
The lands of Yakorada have been inhabited since deep Antiquity. The
unearthed objects, belonging to pre-historical man from the end of the Neolithic
Age, have been evidence of this. During the third millennium B.C. Thracians
from the Dioi tribe, a branch of the Bessoi, settled here. Remains of a sanctuary
of theirs, dedicated initially to the deities
Heros
and Bendis, and later on, to
Zeus and Hera, have been excavated on the Babeshka
Mogiła
Peak of the
Rhodope Mountains. In
46 A.D.,
the Thracians were conquered by Roman
Emperor Claudius. The remnants of the Kalyata Fortress, as well as the
foundations of a big Late Antiquity basilica from the end of the 5th century in
the Yakorashitsa locality have been dated to the Roman Age. According to
Professor Gavrail Katsarov, the Roman city of Yamforuna had been located
here. A coin of Julius Caesar
(45-44
B.C.), featuring the image of Egyptian
Queen Cleopatra, has been found close to the mineral baths. Another
archaeological site in the vicinities is Gradishte, where an ancient, a Late
Antiquity and a medieval settlement had been located. Coins from the time of
Roman Emperors Trajan, Marcus Aurelius, Trebonian Galus, Theodosius I,
and others have been collected on the surface.
The settlement of the Slavs started at the beginning of the 7th century
A.D.
In AD
837,
Kan Presian made the region of Yakorada part of the Bulgarian
state.
As this is evident from the tax registers of the Ottoman Empire for
1515,
1524
and
1569,
as well as from other documents that have been preserved,
during the time of the Ottoman rule, the population of Yakorada had been
completely Bulgarian and Christian.
ЯКОРУДА
-
БЪЛГАРСКАТА ДРАМА
__________ 22
Ьі
1666,
residents of Yakoruda, headed by chieftain
Bogdan Voivode,
attacked
the Roumelian Beilerbei
Pehlivan
Mehmed Pasha, who had started the conversion
to Islam of the population of the neighbouring Chepinska valley. One of his six
pashas had been mortally wounded and had died. The enraged janissary
commander ordered that Yakoruda be razed to the ground. Those of its residents,
who did not succeed to flee, were massacred. The conversion to the Islam of the
Yakoruda residents started three years later by the janissary big hitter Pendjik
-
the Yakoruda resident Peter Chopev, who had been taken to the corps of the
janissaries as a child. He started with his own relatives. His two elder brothers
categorically refused to adopt the new faith and he cut off their heads himself.
Yakoruda was horrified. Following after the Chopev clan was the Zaikov clan,
and so on and so forth. A part of the hamlets, making up the Yakoruda settlement,
accepted to be converted to Islam, but others refused and their residents were
slaughtered or exiled to other parts of the Ottoman Empire. Pendjik did not
complete his devilish act, because for unknown reasons he suddenly left and
never came back again. The enslavers only succeeded in enforcing the religion.
What was preserved was the mother Bulgarian tongue, the old family relations,
the old family names
üke
Vaklyov, Sharkov, Tsrunkov, Petelkyov, etc.; the
celebrations continued of the Christian holidays of Gergyovden [the feast day of
St George], Blagovets [Annunciation], the Holy
40
Martyrs, and others. The
Turkish personal names were transformed into diminutives like
Mede
(from
Mehmed),
Salko
(from
Salih), Usko
(from Yussein), Shunka
(ŕrom
Aishe), Menka
(from Fatima), Buna (from
Sabie),
and so on and so forth
-
names, which do not
feature in the Turkish system of names.
Malka [Small] Yakoruda made a major contribution to the Bulgarian people s
national liberation struggles: a member of Rakovski s Legion, the earliest book
sellers in Sofia (who were connected with Vassil Levski), two members of
Botev s rebel detachment, one of the apostles of Benkovski, a member of his
Flying Rebel Detachment, four volunteers at the Shipka battle,
13
members
in the volunteer troops of Macedonia and Adrianople, more than
70,
who fought
in the
Hinden
[St Elija s
Feast Day] Uprising.
Yakoruda also took an active part in the anti-fascist struggle and the settlement
produced the greatest number of guerrilla fighters in Bulgaria
- 103
people.
One of the hero fighters at the
Drava,
during the Patriotic War, was
Anani
Malakov, resident of Yakorouda, who was awarded by the Russian Federation
with the Marshal G. Zhoukov Medal, conferred only to the most deserving
fighters in the Second World War.
The chapter on Truths and Deceptions will arouse the keen interest of the
readers; it deals with matters like the conversion of the Bulgarian Muslims to
23 ______________________
Живко
САХАЈЧИЕВ
the Christian faith in
1913,
the
Rodina
[Homeland] Association, the
Macedonization, and what has been referred to as the Revival process. In
1913,
in an atmosphere of unprecedented dedication and elevated patriotism, a
movement spontaneously came into being among the Bulgarian Muslims to
give up Islam and to return to Christianity, as well as to restore the Bulgarian
names. Owing, however, to the criminal and treacherous policy of the Liberal
coalition of Vassil Radoslavov, which was in power, it came to a tragic end.
Similar was the fate also of the movement for national revival, emerging at
the end of the
1930s
among the Bulgarian Muslims in the Rhodope Mountains
again, and known as the
Rodina
[Homeland] Society. Its members set themselves
the goal of making the Bulgarian Muslims become part of the Bulgarian
nationality and culture. They dropped the fez cap, which up till that time had
been a token of adherence to the Turkish nation. They abolished the head scarves
and kerchiefs and substituted their Turkish-Arab names by Bulgarian ones,
while continuing to profess the Muslim religion. In the wake of September
9,
1944,
the people s democratic rale repeated to a higher degree the insanity of
1913.
The
Rodina
Society was banned. Its patriotic activities were declared
anti-popular. The Bulgarian Muslims were declared a population, strange to
the Bulgarian ethnicity. The official position of the ruling political force
-
the
Bulgarian Workers Party (communists) was that: ...the proving that the
Pomaks are Bulgarians is tantamount to fascism and great Bulgarian
chauvinism . The old Turkish-Arab names were forcibly reintroduced.
Kamen
Bolyarov, the initiator of the
Rodina
Society (former name Arif Beiski) was
condemned to death and executed. Some others were sent to concentration
camps and prisons. Their only guilt was that they wanted to be Bulgarians and
to have Bulgarian names. Can anyone tell what terrible pain they had felt!
The ruling Bulgarian Workers Party BWP (communists) pursued also a
policy on the Macedonian issue, which ran completely contrary to the national
interests of Bulgaria. In
1946,
the forcible Macedonization started of the
population of the region of Mount
Pirin,
the objective being to annex it to the
People s Republic of Macedonia, within the frameworks of Yugoslavia. For
this purposes, a big group of emissaries, agents of the UDBA Yugoslav Special
Services, were sent to Skopje, in the guise of teachers. The study of the
Macedonian language and Macedonian history was introduced in the schools.
Via administrative channels, the study of the Macedonian language was enforced
on the adults, too. One of the major communist municipal functionaries
-
Georgi
Madolev
-
addressed those present at a public meeting in
Razlog
in the following
way: How long shall we endure the Bulgarian occupation and the Bulgarian
yoke over Macedonia? And this went on until December
18, 1948,
when at
ЯКОРУДА
-
БЪЛГАРСКАТА ДРАМА
__________ 24
the Fifth Congress of the Bulgarian Communist Party (BCP) that policy of
Macedonization was declared a mistake and was discontinued, but its
consequences were fateful.
In the early
1960s,
a new spontaneous movement emerged among the
Bulgarian Muslims in the region of Smolyan, aimed at overcoming the
aftereffects of the adoption of Islam. This time the movement was backed by
the ruling commumst party and was even headed by it. Aware that this was a
state policy, the residents of Yakorouda, with the exception of only about
25-20
hard
Hne
fanatic Turkophiles, set out on their own to the municipality building,
where the commission on changing the names was seated. A great number of
them joyfully accepted Bulgarian names. An atmosphere of enthusiasm had
been created. Within just a few days, the Turkish-Arab names in Yakoruda
were changed without any pressure and coercion whatever. But just a week
after the launching of that campaign, an order was received from the Central
Committee of the Communist Party that the old passports with the old names
be returned. This order brought desperation to the Bulgarian Muslims who had
taken on, by their free will, by their inner conviction and joyfully the Bulgarian
names. They felt betrayed and deserted, especially those who had wholeheartedly
accepted the idea of revival and had enthusiastically worked towards its
accomplishment. The Turkophiles and the fanatics were overjoyed. This was
the moment of breakthrough. Henceforth there was to be a very well organized
and highly outspoken counteraction to any manifestation of the Bulgarian spirit
and traditions in the Municipality of Yakoruda.
Notwithstanding the assurances that there would be no more campaigns for
the change of the names of the Bulgarian Muslims, just a few years later, viz.
on July
17, 1970,
the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Bulgarian
Communist Party came out with a resolution For the National Awareness and
Patriotic Education of the Bulgarian Muslims , in which the issue of the
elimination of their Turkish-Arab names was officially formulated by way of
providing such conditions and prerequisites that they do it on their own,
prompted by their inner necessity. And this was actually done. The golden age
of the Bulgarian Muslims started in terms of socio-economic and spiritual aspect.
Radical changes set in in the life
ofthat
population. Production capacities were
built in the Municipality of Yakoruda, whereby unemployment disappeared
altogether; moreover there was even shortage of manpower. Asphalt roads were
built to all the villages and hamlets of the municipality and regular bus lines
were established. Kindergartens and schools, administrative and commercial
buildings were put up in them. Health care services and post offices were opened.
The children of the Muslims were enrolled with priority in all the secondary
25 ______________________
Живко САХАТЧИЕВ
and higher educational establishments in the country. Scholarships and free
hostels were assigned to them. On completing their education, they had again
priority in getting employment. Many of them became teachers, physicians,
economists, and engineers: intelligent, well groomed and well fed
-
not like
before. This was the real essence of the so-called Revival Process. This period
of all-round flowering has now been most insolently and shamelessly referred
to by the country-less Turkophiles of the Movement for Rights and Freedoms
as dark pages of the modern Bulgarian history .
But the Turkish secret services have struck deep roots. They have never
ceased their anti-Bulgarian activities. Under their leadership, a mutiny broke
out on May
17,1972
in the village of Buntsevo.
Georgi
Tsintsev, the Secretary
of the Fatherland Front, was brutally assassinated. BCP Party Secretary Angel
Rosnev, was saved by miracle. The mutiny began before the start of the campaign
of changing the names. The renamed Bulgarian Muslims declared to the
representatives of the authority: If you leave to some fanatics their Turkish
names, they will pester and terrorize us all the time. That is why we all have to
be with Bulgarian names! On the following day the Turkish-Arab names in
the composite villages and hamlets were changed, and on the day after that
-
those in Yakoruda were also changed.
On November
10,1989
T.Zhivkov, the head of state, was overthrown by his
closest associates. A restoration of capitalism began in Bulgaria, moreover in
the most monstrous way. Decline began in all the spheres of life. On December
29
of the same year, the Central Committee of the Bulgarian Communist Party
came out with a resolution on the return of the Turkish Arab names not only of
the Turks but also of the Bulgarian Muslims. The Revival Process was
condemned. For the nth time the top crust of the BCP showed inconsistency
and contradictoriness in resolving the national problems and made fateful
mistakes, like that decision. Henceforth the tragedy of the Bulgarian Muslims
has started in Yakoruda, who feel to be Bulgarians and have willfully accepted
to have Bulgarian names. They were to remain without any protection whatever
and to be subjected to isolation, threats, pressure and terror
-
physical and
mental, by the Turkophiles and the religious fanatics. State power in Yakoruda
passed completely in the hands of the Movement for Rights and Freedoms. A
raging Turkish assimilation began of the Bulgarian Muslims. As early as on
June
12, 1990,
Ahmed Dogan stated to Turkish diplomat Alev Kalic: My
second mission is to do my best so that a Turkish self-awareness could be build
in the Pomaks. I am in duty bound to teach them the Turkish language and to
make them join the Turkish nation. So that the relationship with the Bulgarian
root could be broken, in flagrant violation of the law on the names, the old
ЯКОРУДА
-
БЪЛГАРСКАТА ДРАМА
__________ 26
Bulgarian family names of the Muslim clans Hke Sharkov, Tsrankov,
Bikov
and others were replaced by Saadetin, Betola, Islam. Within a short time seven
mosques were built in the Municipality of Yakoruda, in which schools were
opened so that the Bulgarian children could learn the prayers of the Koran. It
has been constantly repeated to the children: Since you are a Muslim, you
cannot be a Bulgarian, you are a Turk , and It has been Turkish land here and
it will again be Turkish . US diplomat Steven Voyen from the US Embassy in
Sofìa
said to the activists of the MRF, gathered in the mosque of Yakoruda:
Go ahead! We stand by you. Probably inspired by that support, at the Second
National Conference of the MRF, held on November
27-28,1993,
in Sofia, in
his report, Ahmed Dogan stated to all to hear that in the Western Rhodopes no
one else, neither Parliament, nor President, nor Government, nor executive
bodies could rule over the MRF. Otherwise he would provoke rough
developments.
On August
13,1996
an underground organization in the region of Yakoruda,
calling itself Islamic Defense , declared its existence. Article
3
of its Statute
reads: Formation of a Muslim ethnic community. Establishment of an Islamic
Autonomous Region (the ethnic groups of the Turks, Pomaks and Roma,
professing the Islam should be included in it), which region is to have its own
Television, Radio, Police and Administrative Structure .
This has been the true image of the Bulgarian ethnic model in action. And
the results are at hand. The data of the latest population census in Bulgaria,
held in
2001,
indicate that in the Municipality of Yakoruda,
7 826
one hundred
percent Bulgarians, with Bulgarian family roots and Bulgarian mother tongue,
have become Turks. As tragic is also the situation in the neighbouring Belitsa
and
Velingrad
municipalities. What the Turkish enslavers could not accomplish
for more than
500
years, has been achieved now in free and independent Bulgaria
within just a few years by Ahmed Dogan and his Movement for Rights and
Freedoms (MRF) with the tacit support and cooperation of the Bulgarian state
leadership, of the pitiable Bulgarian political elite, consisting of foreigners,
national apostates and betrayers of their kin. Living parts of Mother Bulgaria
are being torn before our eyes.
The second part of the book gives detailed biographical data about Petko
R.Slaveikov, the outstanding public figure and writer, who wrote himself that
his origin was also from the region of Yakoruda, as well as about
Nikifor
Popfilipov, a prominent teacher, ethnographer and popular writer. Considerable
space has been given to the livelihood of the residents of Yakoruda: in the past
-
stockbreeding and trading in tar, and now
-
timber, wood processing and the
27 ______________________
Живко САХАТЧИЕВ
manufacturing of wood-working machines. Tailoring workshops have recently
been opened.
The development has been followed of church and educational activities,
community centres and public healthcare, sports and tourism, sectors in which
the settlement has major achievements. The popular lifestyle and ethnography
have been revealed in great detail: the traditional house of Yakoruda, the
traditional male and female costumes, the festivals, rites, rituals and customs
of Bulgarian Christians and Bulgarian Muslims alike.
Of interest to the readers would be the motley and most variegated folklore
(oral folklore). It is indeed, the mirror, reflected in which have been the life and
rich mentality of the residents of Yakoruda, having passed through so many
trials and tribulations, having endured so many hardships and sufferings over
the ages. The Yakoruda local speech
-
its wealth and specificities
-
will also be
of interest, while the toponymy provides ample evidence of the Bulgarian family
roots of the population in the municipality of Yakoruda, notwithstanding their
religious affiliation.
The author
|
| adam_txt |
Живко САХАПИЕВ
СЪДЪРЖАНИЕ
ЗА КНИГАТА
-
проф. дин
Георги Марков
---------------------------------9
ABOUT
ТШЅ
BOOK
- Prof.
Georgi
Markov
-------------------------------12
ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ
---------------------------------------------------------------15
FCYRFWOTřTi ~
_ _-_-_ _ - 91
X
V/XVL/
τ τ
VyjLVI-/
Љ
X
I.
ГЕОГРАФСКО ПОЛОЖЕНИЕ И ПРИРОДНИ УСЛОВИЯ
----------28
1.
Географско положение и граници
------------------------------------28
2ppTŢPfh
_ _ _ _ _ 90
3.
Полезни изкопаеми
------------------------------------------------------33
4
5
A. Реки и езера
----------------------------------------------------------35
Б. Каскада
„Белмекен -Сестримо"
-----------------------------------40
B. Якоруцски минерални води
---------------------------------------42
6.
Почви, растителност и животни
--------------------------------------45
II.
ДАЛЕЧНИ ВРЕМЕНА.
---------------------------------------------------54
1.
Следи от древността
----------------------------------------------------55
2.
Откога съществува Якоруда
-------------------------------------------62
3.
За произхода на името Якоруда
--------------------------------------63
4.
Якоруда в турските документи от
XVI
и
XVII
век
----------------65
5.
Помохамеданчването.
--------------------------------------------------77
III.
УЧАСТИЕТО НА ЖОРУДЧЕНИ В НАЦИОНАЛНО-
ОСВОБОДИТЕЛНИТЕ БОРБИ
---------------------------------------85
1.
В легията на Раковски
--------------------------------------------------86
2.
Първите книжари в София
--------------------------------------------88
3.
Подготовка за въстание
------------------------------------------------95
4.
Участие на якоруцчени в Априлското въстание
------------------100
5.
Отношението на българите мохамедани
---------------------------108
IV.
РУСКО-ТУРСКАТА ОСВОБОДИТЕЛНА ВОЙНА
---------------111
V.
БОРБАТА ЗА СВОБОДА ПРОДЪЛЖАВА
---------------------------116
1ΐΥττ-ίίΎΠ|·\
ТТГЧТГ
ΙΛΓΛΓίί^ΤΏίΛ
—
ш. т.
■_. _.„ _ *. _._. _ _мнмн_м»■■■_н·--■l>·■■-■
lin
2.
Създаване
на ВМОРО
-------------------------------------------------119
ЯКОРУДА
-
БЪЛГАРСКАТА
АРАМА_
6
3.
Участие в Иливденско-Преображенското въстание
--------------133
4.
Борбата за свобода продължава
--------------------------------------144
5.
Хуриета
-------------------------------------------------------------------151
VI.
БАЛКАНСКАТА ВОЙНА И ОСВОБОЖДЕНИЕТО
НА
ÇTKTíPVTTA
_ — - — — - -_
-IS
5
Vu.
ВМРО В ОБЩЕСТВЕНО-ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЯ ЖИВОТ НА
ЯКОРУДА СЛЕД ОСВОБОЖДЕНИЕТО
---------------------------168
1.
До
19
май
1934
година.
-----------------------------------------------168
2.
След
10
ноември
1989
година
----------------------------------------180
νΠΙ.
УЧАСТИЕ В БОРБАТА ПРОТИВ КАПИТАЛИЗМА
И ФАШИЗМА
----------------------------------------------------------192
1.
Началото
------------------------------------------------------------------192
2.
Партизанското движение
---------------------------------------------200
3.
Приносът на якорудчени в антифашистката борба
извън Якоруда
----------------------------------------------------------230
A. В долината на Струма
---------------------------------------------230
Б. Софийската група. Атанас Хаджиянчев
------------------------231
B. Илия Кандин
--------------------------------------------------------234
Г. Иван Масларов
-----------------------------------------------------240
Д. Владимир Седлоев
-------------------------------------------------263
4.
Участие на якорудчени в работническото движение
r
ГАТТТ
_ - - — 971
ID \-/JT% I I It ¿I
1
IX.
ЯКОРУДЧЕНИ В ОТЕЧЕСТВЕНАТА ВОЙНА
(1944-1945
Г.)
«281
X.
ОБЩЕСТВЕНО-ПОЛИТИЧЕСКАТА СИТУАЦИЯ
В ЯКОРУДА СЛЕД
9.
IX.
1944
ГОДИНА
----------------------------297
XI.
ИСТИНИ И ЗАБЛУДИ
--------------------------------------------------294
1.
Покръстване на българите мохамедани
през
1912-1913
година
------------------------------------------------294
2.
Родинското движение
-------------------------------------------------303
3.
Македонизацията
-------------------------------------------------------311
4.
Третото преименуване
------------------------------------------------314
•
XVXť J-V/IvJD JL J> Jjynt^vJjV/
«и
->—
^—
— — _ — _ — —
„„.н.
J
χ υ
6.
Операция
„Майско утро"
----------------------------------------------325
7.
Златната
epa
-------------------------------------------------------------329
8.
Метежът в Корница
----------------------------------------------------331
7 _
Живко САХАШЕВ
XII.
ВТОРОТО ПОТУРЧВАНЕ
--------------------------------------------333
, Χ
CLOU/
У ЛХЛ>Ъ<Л>
·-■«- — — -■■ —
—-»«.г-
—
—wmm,w. — m,wmm,mm
» — — ·
*J *J *J
2.
Антибългарски прояви на ДПС.
-------------------------------------337
4.
Анкетна комисия на Народното събрание
-------------------------356
5.
Кметицата Найла Садих
----------------------------------------------364
6.
Брошури, списания, видеокасети и гости от Турция
------------372
7.
Действайте, ние сме зад вас!
-----------------------------------------378
XIII.
НАСЕЛЕНИЕ
------------------------------------------------------------394
1.
Брой, движение и състав
---------------------------------------------394
2.
Характерни черти
------------------------------------------------------399
3.
Петко Рачов Славейков
-----------------------------------------------404
4.
Никифор Попфилипов
------------------------------------------------409
5.
Якорудски родове
------------------------------------------------------414
XIV.
ПОМИНЪК
-------------------------------------------------------------440
1.
Селско стопанство.
-----------------------------------------------------440
2.
Търговия
с
катран
------------------------------------------------------447
3.
Дърводобив и дървопреработване
----------------------------------449
4.
Кооперативно дело
-----------------------------------------------------460
5.
Завод за дървообработващи машини.
-------------------------------469
6.
Шивашки цехове
-------------------------------------------------------456
XV.
ДУХОВЕН ЖИВОТ
-----------------------------------------------------478
1.
Църковно дело.
---------------------------------------------------------478
•
Фондация „Св. Георги Победоносец"
----------------------------490
•
Евангелска църква
---------------------------------------------------500
2.
Просветно дело.
--------------------------------------------------------501
3.
Читалищна дейност
----------------------------------------------------524
4.
Здравеопазване
----------------------------------------------------------541
ЗТл/ПИЧТ-Д/Г
—_ _
*Î4Q
•
Λ
J'piíU.DJYl
——————————.—_.—.—.—.—.—-.«■._—-.-_-_—._—— -.-.- - -_
j*fy
6.
Физкултура и спорт
----------------------------------------------------566
XVI.
НАРОДЕН БИТ И ЕТНОГРАФИЯ
---------------------------------579
1.
Якорудската
къщаа
-----------------------------------------------------579
2.
Якорудска
носия
--------------------------------------------------------588
А. Мъжка носия
--------------------------------------------------------589
Б.
Женска носия.
-------------------------------------------------------590
3.
Якорудска попрелка
----------------------------------------------------595
4.
Празници и празнувания.
---------------------------------------------598
5.
Обреди, обичаи и поверия
-------------------------------------------605
ЯКОРУДА
-
БЪЛГАРСКАТА
АРАМА_
8
Г.
Свързани със смъртта
-----------------------------------------------639
6.
Детски игри и залъгалки
----------------------------------------------643
XVII.
ФОЛКЛОР
-------------------------------»-----------------------------650
1.
Якорудският говор
------------------------------------------------------650
A. Фонетични особености
--------------------------------------------650
Б. Морфологични форми
----------------------------------------------656
B. Няколко думи за богатия якорудски говор
---------------------659
2.
Речник на типични якорудски думи
---------------------------------662
3.
Народни песни
-----------------------------------------------------------683
4.
Народни умотворения
--------------------------------------------------703
А. Пословици и поговорки
-------------------------------------------703
Б. Благопожелания.
-----------------------------------------------------703
BV
пртшт
_718
5.
Топонимия
---------------------------------------------------------------719
XVIII.
КМЕТОВЕТЕ
НА
ЯКОРУДА
---------------------------------------744
ИЗПОЛЗВАНА ЛИТЕРАТУРА
----------------------------------------------778
ПОСЛЕСЛОВ
------------------------------------------------------------------780
21 _
Живко САХАШЕВ
FOREWORD
This book Yakomda: The Bulgarian Drama has been an attempt at an overall
regional study of my native parts. In the beginning, attention has been paid to
its lovely natural scenery: the breathtaking peaks and deep valleys, the spacious
Alpine forest clearings, the large coniferous and deciduous forests, the rare
plant and animal species, the transparent tear-like glacial lakes and rumbling
brooks and small rivers, the curative mineral springs. This is an invaluable
wealth, associated with romantic fables and legends about wood nymphs and
people's defenders. The injuries inflicted on the natural environment through
its irrational and irresponsible use have been pointed out with a feeling of deep
pain, and persistent appeals have been addressed for its conservation.
The lands of Yakorada have been inhabited since deep Antiquity. The
unearthed objects, belonging to pre-historical man from the end of the Neolithic
Age, have been evidence of this. During the third millennium B.C. Thracians
from the Dioi tribe, a branch of the Bessoi, settled here. Remains of a sanctuary
of theirs, dedicated initially to the deities
Heros
and Bendis, and later on, to
Zeus and Hera, have been excavated on the Babeshka
Mogiła
Peak of the
Rhodope Mountains. In
46 A.D.,
the Thracians were conquered by Roman
Emperor Claudius. The remnants of the Kalyata Fortress, as well as the
foundations of a big Late Antiquity basilica from the end of the 5th century in
the Yakorashitsa locality have been dated to the Roman Age. According to
Professor Gavrail Katsarov, the Roman city of Yamforuna had been located
here. A coin of Julius Caesar
(45-44
B.C.), featuring the image of Egyptian
Queen Cleopatra, has been found close to the mineral baths. Another
archaeological site in the vicinities is Gradishte, where an ancient, a Late
Antiquity and a medieval settlement had been located. Coins from the time of
Roman Emperors Trajan, Marcus Aurelius, Trebonian Galus, Theodosius I,
and others have been collected on the surface.
The settlement of the Slavs started at the beginning of the 7th century
A.D.
In AD
837,
Kan Presian made the region of Yakorada part of the Bulgarian
state.
As this is evident from the tax registers of the Ottoman Empire for
1515,
1524
and
1569,
as well as from other documents that have been preserved,
during the time of the Ottoman rule, the population of Yakorada had been
completely Bulgarian and Christian.
ЯКОРУДА
-
БЪЛГАРСКАТА ДРАМА
_ 22
Ьі
1666,
residents of Yakoruda, headed by chieftain
Bogdan Voivode,
attacked
the Roumelian Beilerbei
Pehlivan
Mehmed Pasha, who had started the conversion
to Islam of the population of the neighbouring Chepinska valley. One of his six
pashas had been mortally wounded and had died. The enraged janissary
commander ordered that Yakoruda be razed to the ground. Those of its residents,
who did not succeed to flee, were massacred. The conversion to the Islam of the
Yakoruda residents started three years later by the janissary big hitter Pendjik
-
the Yakoruda resident Peter Chopev, who had been taken to the corps of the
janissaries as a child. He started with his own relatives. His two elder brothers
categorically refused to adopt the new faith and he cut off their heads himself.
Yakoruda was horrified. Following after the Chopev clan was the Zaikov clan,
and so on and so forth. A part of the hamlets, making up the Yakoruda settlement,
accepted to be converted to Islam, but others refused and their residents were
slaughtered or exiled to other parts of the Ottoman Empire. Pendjik did not
complete his devilish act, because for unknown reasons he suddenly left and
never came back again. The enslavers only succeeded in enforcing the religion.
What was preserved was the mother Bulgarian tongue, the old family relations,
the old family names
üke
Vaklyov, Sharkov, Tsrunkov, Petelkyov, etc.; the
celebrations continued of the Christian holidays of Gergyovden [the feast day of
St George], Blagovets [Annunciation], the Holy
40
Martyrs, and others. The
Turkish personal names were transformed into diminutives like
Mede
(from
Mehmed),
Salko
(from
Salih), Usko
(from Yussein), Shunka
(ŕrom
Aishe), Menka
(from Fatima), Buna (from
Sabie),
and so on and so forth
-
names, which do not
feature in the Turkish system of names.
Malka [Small] Yakoruda made a major contribution to the Bulgarian people's
national liberation struggles: a member of Rakovski's Legion, the earliest book
sellers in Sofia (who were connected with Vassil Levski), two members of
Botev's rebel detachment, one of the apostles of Benkovski, a member of his
"Flying" Rebel Detachment, four volunteers at the Shipka battle,
13
members
in the volunteer troops of Macedonia and Adrianople, more than
70,
who fought
in the
Hinden
[St Elija's
Feast Day] Uprising.
Yakoruda also took an active part in the anti-fascist struggle and the settlement
produced the greatest number of guerrilla fighters in Bulgaria
- 103
people.
One of the hero fighters at the
Drava,
during the Patriotic War, was
Anani
Malakov, resident of Yakorouda, who was awarded by the Russian Federation
with the Marshal G. Zhoukov Medal, conferred only to the most deserving
fighters in the Second World War.
The chapter on "Truths and Deceptions" will arouse the keen interest of the
readers; it deals with matters like the conversion of the Bulgarian Muslims to
23 _
Живко
САХАЈЧИЕВ
the Christian faith in
1913,
the
Rodina
[Homeland] Association, the
Macedonization, and what has been referred to as the Revival process. In
1913,
in an atmosphere of unprecedented dedication and elevated patriotism, a
movement spontaneously came into being among the Bulgarian Muslims to
give up Islam and to return to Christianity, as well as to restore the Bulgarian
names. Owing, however, to the criminal and treacherous policy of the Liberal
coalition of Vassil Radoslavov, which was in power, it came to a tragic end.
Similar was the fate also of the movement for national revival, emerging at
the end of the
1930s
among the Bulgarian Muslims in the Rhodope Mountains
again, and known as the
Rodina
[Homeland] Society. Its members set themselves
the goal of making the Bulgarian Muslims become part of the Bulgarian
nationality and culture. They dropped the fez cap, which up till that time had
been a token of adherence to the Turkish nation. They abolished the head scarves
and kerchiefs and substituted their Turkish-Arab names by Bulgarian ones,
while continuing to profess the Muslim religion. In the wake of September
9,
1944,
the people's democratic rale repeated to a higher degree the insanity of
1913.
The
Rodina
Society was banned. Its patriotic activities were declared
anti-popular. The Bulgarian Muslims were declared a population, strange to
the Bulgarian ethnicity. The official position of the ruling political force
-
the
Bulgarian Workers' Party (communists) was that: ".the proving that the
Pomaks are Bulgarians is tantamount to fascism and great Bulgarian
chauvinism". The old Turkish-Arab names were forcibly reintroduced.
Kamen
Bolyarov, the initiator of the
Rodina
Society (former name Arif Beiski) was
condemned to death and executed. Some others were sent to concentration
camps and prisons. Their only guilt was that they wanted to be Bulgarians and
to have Bulgarian names. Can anyone tell what terrible pain they had felt!
The ruling Bulgarian Workers' Party BWP (communists) pursued also a
policy on the Macedonian issue, which ran completely contrary to the national
interests of Bulgaria. In
1946,
the forcible Macedonization started of the
population of the region of Mount
Pirin,
the objective being to annex it to the
People's Republic of Macedonia, within the frameworks of Yugoslavia. For
this purposes, a big group of emissaries, agents of the UDBA Yugoslav Special
Services, were sent to Skopje, in the guise of teachers. The study of the
Macedonian language and Macedonian history was introduced in the schools.
Via administrative channels, the study of the Macedonian language was enforced
on the adults, too. One of the major communist municipal functionaries
-
Georgi
Madolev
-
addressed those present at a public meeting in
Razlog
in the following
way: "How long shall we endure the Bulgarian occupation and the Bulgarian
yoke over Macedonia?" And this went on until December
18, 1948,
when at
ЯКОРУДА
-
БЪЛГАРСКАТА ДРАМА
_ 24
the Fifth Congress of the Bulgarian Communist Party (BCP) that policy of
Macedonization was declared a mistake and was discontinued, but its
consequences were fateful.
In the early
1960s,
a new spontaneous movement emerged among the
Bulgarian Muslims in the region of Smolyan, aimed at overcoming the
aftereffects of the adoption of Islam. This time the movement was backed by
the ruling commumst party and was even headed by it. Aware that this was a
state policy, the residents of Yakorouda, with the exception of only about
25-20
hard
Hne
fanatic Turkophiles, set out on their own to the municipality building,
where the commission on changing the names was seated. A great number of
them joyfully accepted Bulgarian names. An atmosphere of enthusiasm had
been created. Within just a few days, the Turkish-Arab names in Yakoruda
were changed without any pressure and coercion whatever. But just a week
after the launching of that campaign, an order was received from the Central
Committee of the Communist Party that the old passports with the old names
be returned. This order brought desperation to the Bulgarian Muslims who had
taken on, by their free will, by their inner conviction and joyfully the Bulgarian
names. They felt betrayed and deserted, especially those who had wholeheartedly
accepted the idea of revival and had enthusiastically worked towards its
accomplishment. The Turkophiles and the fanatics were overjoyed. This was
the moment of breakthrough. Henceforth there was to be a very well organized
and highly outspoken counteraction to any manifestation of the Bulgarian spirit
and traditions in the Municipality of Yakoruda.
Notwithstanding the assurances that there would be no more campaigns for
the change of the names of the Bulgarian Muslims, just a few years later, viz.
on July
17, 1970,
the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Bulgarian
Communist Party came out with a resolution "For the National Awareness and
Patriotic Education of the Bulgarian Muslims", in which the issue of the
elimination of their Turkish-Arab names was officially formulated by way of
providing such conditions and prerequisites that they do it on their own,
prompted by their inner necessity. And this was actually done. The golden age
of the Bulgarian Muslims started in terms of socio-economic and spiritual aspect.
Radical changes set in in the life
ofthat
population. Production capacities were
built in the Municipality of Yakoruda, whereby unemployment disappeared
altogether; moreover there was even shortage of manpower. Asphalt roads were
built to all the villages and hamlets of the municipality and regular bus lines
were established. Kindergartens and schools, administrative and commercial
buildings were put up in them. Health care services and post offices were opened.
The children of the Muslims were enrolled with priority in all the secondary
25 _
Живко САХАТЧИЕВ
and higher educational establishments in the country. Scholarships and free
hostels were assigned to them. On completing their education, they had again
priority in getting employment. Many of them became teachers, physicians,
economists, and engineers: intelligent, well groomed and well fed
-
not like
before. This was the real essence of the so-called Revival Process. This period
of all-round flowering has now been most insolently and shamelessly referred
to by the country-less Turkophiles of the Movement for Rights and Freedoms
as "dark pages of the modern Bulgarian history".
But the Turkish secret services have struck deep roots. They have never
ceased their anti-Bulgarian activities. Under their leadership, a mutiny broke
out on May
17,1972
in the village of Buntsevo.
Georgi
Tsintsev, the Secretary
of the Fatherland Front, was brutally assassinated. BCP Party Secretary Angel
Rosnev, was saved by miracle. The mutiny began before the start of the campaign
of changing the names. The renamed Bulgarian Muslims declared to the
representatives of the authority: "If you leave to some fanatics their Turkish
names, they will pester and terrorize us all the time. That is why we all have to
be with Bulgarian names!" On the following day the Turkish-Arab names in
the composite villages and hamlets were changed, and on the day after that
-
those in Yakoruda were also changed.
On November
10,1989
T.Zhivkov, the head of state, was overthrown by his
closest associates. A restoration of capitalism began in Bulgaria, moreover in
the most monstrous way. Decline began in all the spheres of life. On December
29
of the same year, the Central Committee of the Bulgarian Communist Party
came out with a resolution on the return of the Turkish Arab names not only of
the Turks but also of the Bulgarian Muslims. The "Revival Process" was
condemned. For the nth time the top crust of the BCP showed inconsistency
and contradictoriness in resolving the national problems and made fateful
mistakes, like that decision. Henceforth the tragedy of the Bulgarian Muslims
has started in Yakoruda, who feel to be Bulgarians and have willfully accepted
to have Bulgarian names. They were to remain without any protection whatever
and to be subjected to isolation, threats, pressure and terror
-
physical and
mental, by the Turkophiles and the religious fanatics. State power in Yakoruda
passed completely in the hands of the Movement for Rights and Freedoms. A
raging Turkish assimilation began of the Bulgarian Muslims. As early as on
June
12, 1990,
Ahmed Dogan stated to Turkish diplomat Alev Kalic: "My
second mission is to do my best so that a Turkish self-awareness could be build
in the Pomaks. I am in duty bound to teach them the Turkish language and to
make them join the Turkish nation." So that the relationship with the Bulgarian
root could be broken, in flagrant violation of the law on the names, the old
ЯКОРУДА
-
БЪЛГАРСКАТА ДРАМА
_ 26
Bulgarian family names of the Muslim clans Hke Sharkov, Tsrankov,
Bikov
and others were replaced by Saadetin, Betola, Islam. Within a short time seven
mosques were built in the Municipality of Yakoruda, in which schools were
opened so that the Bulgarian children could learn the prayers of the Koran. It
has been constantly repeated to the children: "Since you are a Muslim, you
cannot be a Bulgarian, you are a Turk", and "It has been Turkish land here and
it will again be Turkish". US diplomat Steven Voyen from the US Embassy in
Sofìa
said to the activists of the MRF, gathered in the mosque of Yakoruda:
"Go ahead! We stand by you." Probably inspired by that support, at the Second
National Conference of the MRF, held on November
27-28,1993,
in Sofia, in
his report, Ahmed Dogan stated to all to hear that in the Western Rhodopes no
one else, neither Parliament, nor President, nor Government, nor executive
bodies could rule over the MRF. Otherwise he would provoke rough
developments.
On August
13,1996
an underground organization in the region of Yakoruda,
calling itself "Islamic Defense", declared its existence. Article
3
of its Statute
reads: "Formation of a Muslim ethnic community. Establishment of an Islamic
Autonomous Region (the ethnic groups of the Turks, Pomaks and Roma,
professing the Islam should be included in it), which region is to have its own
Television, Radio, Police and Administrative Structure".
This has been the true image of the Bulgarian ethnic model in action. And
the results are at hand. The data of the latest population census in Bulgaria,
held in
2001,
indicate that in the Municipality of Yakoruda,
7 826
one hundred
percent Bulgarians, with Bulgarian family roots and Bulgarian mother tongue,
have become Turks. As tragic is also the situation in the neighbouring Belitsa
and
Velingrad
municipalities. What the Turkish enslavers could not accomplish
for more than
500
years, has been achieved now in free and independent Bulgaria
within just a few years by Ahmed Dogan and his Movement for Rights and
Freedoms (MRF) with the tacit support and cooperation of the Bulgarian state
leadership, of the pitiable Bulgarian political elite, consisting of foreigners,
national apostates and betrayers of their kin. Living parts of Mother Bulgaria
are being torn before our eyes.
The second part of the book gives detailed biographical data about Petko
R.Slaveikov, the outstanding public figure and writer, who wrote himself that
his origin was also from the region of Yakoruda, as well as about
Nikifor
Popfilipov, a prominent teacher, ethnographer and popular writer. Considerable
space has been given to the livelihood of the residents of Yakoruda: in the past
-
stockbreeding and trading in tar, and now
-
timber, wood processing and the
27 _
Живко САХАТЧИЕВ
manufacturing of wood-working machines. Tailoring workshops have recently
been opened.
The development has been followed of church and educational activities,
community centres and public healthcare, sports and tourism, sectors in which
the settlement has major achievements. The popular lifestyle and ethnography
have been revealed in great detail: the traditional house of Yakoruda, the
traditional male and female costumes, the festivals, rites, rituals and customs
of Bulgarian Christians and Bulgarian Muslims alike.
Of interest to the readers would be the motley and most variegated folklore
(oral folklore). It is indeed, the mirror, reflected in which have been the life and
rich mentality of the residents of Yakoruda, having passed through so many
trials and tribulations, having endured so many hardships and sufferings over
the ages. The Yakoruda local speech
-
its wealth and specificities
-
will also be
of interest, while the toponymy provides ample evidence of the Bulgarian family
roots of the population in the municipality of Yakoruda, notwithstanding their
religious affiliation.
The author |
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| author | Sachatčiev, Živko A. 1934- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)104368039 |
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| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Sachatčiev, Živko A. 1934- |
| author_variant | ž a s ža žas |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV023075176 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)643166659 (DE-599)BVBBV023075176 |
| edition | 1. izd. |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Yakoruda (DE-588)4446760-6 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Yakoruda |
| id | DE-604.BV023075176 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T19:34:46Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:10:25Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789543780228 |
| language | Bulgarian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016278285 |
| oclc_num | 643166659 |
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| owner | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | 783 S. zahlr. Ill. |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSearch | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| publisher | Centăr za Izsledvanija na Bălgarite Tangra TanNakRa |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Sachatčiev, Živko A. 1934- Verfasser (DE-588)104368039 aut Jakoruda - bălgarskata drama Živko Sachatčiev 1. izd. Sofija Centăr za Izsledvanija na Bălgarite Tangra TanNakRa 2007 783 S. zahlr. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier In kyrill. Schr., bulg. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Heimatkunde (DE-588)4127794-6 gnd rswk-swf Yakoruda (DE-588)4446760-6 gnd rswk-swf Yakoruda (DE-588)4446760-6 g Heimatkunde (DE-588)4127794-6 s DE-604 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016278285&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016278285&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Sachatčiev, Živko A. 1934- Jakoruda - bălgarskata drama Heimatkunde (DE-588)4127794-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4127794-6 (DE-588)4446760-6 |
| title | Jakoruda - bălgarskata drama |
| title_auth | Jakoruda - bălgarskata drama |
| title_exact_search | Jakoruda - bălgarskata drama |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Jakoruda - bălgarskata drama |
| title_full | Jakoruda - bălgarskata drama Živko Sachatčiev |
| title_fullStr | Jakoruda - bălgarskata drama Živko Sachatčiev |
| title_full_unstemmed | Jakoruda - bălgarskata drama Živko Sachatčiev |
| title_short | Jakoruda - bălgarskata drama |
| title_sort | jakoruda balgarskata drama |
| topic | Heimatkunde (DE-588)4127794-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Heimatkunde Yakoruda |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016278285&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016278285&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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