The structure of an African pastoralist community: demography, history, and ecology of the Ngamiland Herero
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford u.a.
Clarendon Press
1993
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Research monographs on human population biology
11 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVI, 268 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 019852286X |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Pennington, Renee |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The structure of an African pastoralist community |b demography, history, and ecology of the Ngamiland Herero |c Renee Pennington ; Henry Harpending |
| 264 | 1 | |a Oxford u.a. |b Clarendon Press |c 1993 | |
| 300 | |a XVI, 268 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Research monographs on human population biology |v 11 | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Fécondité humaine - Botswana |2 ram | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Herders |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Herero (peuple d'Afrique) - Population |2 ram | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Herero (volk) |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Vruchtbaarheid |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Fertility, Human |z Botswana | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Herero (African people) |x Population | |
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| 651 | 7 | |a Ngamiland |0 (DE-588)4101172-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Ngamiland |0 (DE-588)4101172-7 |D g |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Herero |0 (DE-588)4024480-5 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Harpending, Henry |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 830 | 0 | |a Research monographs on human population biology |v 11 |w (DE-604)BV000019203 |9 11 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804122793676111872 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
List of figures xii
List of tables xv
1. Introduction and background 1
Introduction 1
Field work 4
Herero origins 5
The migration to Botswana 6
History in Namibia 8
Bantu expansion into Southern Africa 10
Biological approaches to history 11
Heterozygosity 11
Genetic distances 12
Mitochondrial typing 14
Summary of marker studies 14
Infertility and population history 16
Life in Botswana 17
Way of life 17
Subsistence 18
The homestead 21
Double descent and lineage 28
Paternal descent 28
Maternal descent 32
Marriage and kinship 32
Summary 34
2. Field work and methods 37
Introduction 37
Study area 37
Sampling the population 40
What to ask 43
Cultural specificity and data quality 45
Ageing people who do not know their age 46
Other aspects of demographic interviewing 47
The age sex distribution 49
Smoothing data 50
viii Contents
Details of the age structure 51
List of Herero and Mbanderu year names 53
3. Infant and childhood mortality 57
Introduction 57
Sex preference 57
Chapter overview 59
Infant and childhood mortality among Herero 59
Reproductive histories 59
Data quality 59
Results 60
Sex ratio 62
Indirect inference 62
An exploratory look at the mortality drop 63
A model of sex preference 64
Correlates of early mortality 67
Maternal heterogeneity in offspring survivorship 68
Other evidence of preference 69
Conclusions 71
Speculations 72
4. Mortality after early childhood 75
Introduction 75
Issues in adult mortality 76
Heterogeneity 76
Mortality crossover 78
Population dynamics in African history 80
Model mortality patterns 81
Coale Demeny and Brass models 81
A parametric model 82
Methods 83
Life table estimates of survivorship 83
Constructing the survivor function 86
Smoothing by logistic regression 89
Orphanhood methods 91
Results 92
Overall mortality 92
Late middle and old age 94
Conclusions 97
Speculations 98
5. Measures of fertility, past and present 102
Contents ix
Introduction 102
Age specific fertility rates 103
Definitions 103
Herero fertility by period 104
Sources of data bias 108
Under reporting of births 108
Selective maternal mortality 110
Family size distribution 114
Direct 114
Estimates of overall fertility 114
Differences by cohorts 116
Indirect 117
Parity progression ratios 120
Summary and conclusions 120
6. Causes of the fertility transition 123
Diseases 124
Tuberculosis 124
Malaria 125
Schistosomiasis 126
Sexually transmitted diseases 127
Pelvic inflammatory disease 127
Syphilis 128
Prevalence of STDs among Herero 128
Ecology and behaviour 131
Discussion of causes of low fertility 134
The history of sub fertility in Africa 136
Conclusions 137
7. Life history and marriage 138
Introduction 138
The context of Herero reproduction 140
Marriage 140
Social and biological reproduction 143
Does marriage increase fertility? 146
Hazard models 149
Deciding when women are married or not 150
Maternal age 152
Previous child s birth year 152
Estimating the model 153
Results 155
How the chances of changing marital state change with time 156
x Contents
Fertility for different types of birth intervals 159
A proportional hazards model of stopping rules 162
Summary and discussion 164
Conclusions 168
8. Child fosterage and social parenthood 170
Introduction 170
What is child fosterage 171
Collecting data on child fosterage 171
When children are fostered out 172
Why fosterage occurs 175
Why parents foster out their children 175
Benefits 175
Costs 177
Why foster in 180
Economic advantages 181
Biological costs and benefits 182
A test of ideas 185
Results 186
Log linear models 186
Sources of bias 187
Characteristics of fostered children 189
Fosterage and mother s age 192
Discussion 195
Sex preferences for foster children 195
Fostering and parents marital status 196
Fostering and fertility 197
Conclusion 198
9. Herero and !Kung comparative demography 200
Introduction 200
Background 201
Sources of data 203
Fertility 203
Popular explanations for low !Kung fertility 203
The quality of parental care 203
Breast feeding and the pace of child bearing 203
Did more food lead to higher fertility? 205
Fertility of !Kung and Herero in the past 205
The length of birth intervals 210
The length of the reproductive span 212
How food matters 216
Contents xi
Pre adult mortality 216
Mortality throughout the life span 220
Summary 221
10. History and population change 223
Estimating the number of Herero 224
The population projection matrix 224
The age structure of the refugee population 226
Projection of the population 230
Effect of sub fertility on population age structure 233
Generation time and the length of waves 234
Generation time and population growth 235
Results 235
Summary 237
References 239
Author Index 255
Subject Index 260
Figures
1.1. Location of western Ngamiland in Africa 2
1.2. Major villages in western Ngamiland 4
1.3. Locations of historical Herero migrations. 7
1.4. Mitochondrial difference distributions of Herero
and !Kung 15
1.5. Herero woman sewing distinctive Victorian dress 17
1.6. Herero fields and gardens 22
1.7. Herero huts 24
1.8. Milking and preparation of dairy products 25
1.9. Watering and tending cattle 27
1.10. Man preparing for lion hunt 29
1.11. Traditional and religious Herero homestead items 30
1.12. Male and female dress contrasted 36
2.1. Age sex pyramid of living Herero in 1986 by
single year 50
2.2. Age sex pyramid of living Herero in 1986 by 5
year age groups 51
2.3. Age sex pyramid of living Herero in 1986 by sin¬
gle year, smoothed by a tapered moving average 52
3.1. Proportion of children dead at time of interview,
by age of mother 63
3.2. Infant mortality rates through time 64
3.3. Triceps skinfolds and age among Herero children 70
4.1. Estimates of the hazard of death by race and sex
in the US in 1969 79
4.2. Number of person years available for estimating
survivor functions and hazards 88
4.3. Unsmoothed survivor functions. 89
4.4. Estimated survival of Herero by orphanhood
methods 92
4.5. Smoothed estimates of the yearly hazard of death
from age 5 to age 80 94
4.6. Five year hazard rates of the US White popula¬
tion in 1969 and of Herero 96
Figures xiii
4.7. Expectation of life at birth and male survival from
75 to 80 from various populations 99
5.1. Herero age specific fertility rates for four periods 107
5.2. The distribution of completed family sizes among
Herero women 115
5.3. Imputed Herero family size distributions 118
5.4. Herero parity progression ratios 121
6.1. Herero woman carrying infant on back 132
7.1. Young unmarried woman with infant 140
7.2. Three Herero co wives 141
7.3. Married Herero couple 142
7.4. A Herero wife with the young girl she married to
her husband 143
7.5. New Herero bride being received at her husband s
homestead 144
7.6. Hazards of giving birth for four types of birth
intervals 160
7.7. Survivor curves of the hazards of giving birth for
four types of birth intervals 161
8.1. Sehitwa school children 173
8.2. Neighbor babysitting infant 177
8.3. Survivor curves for fostered and non fostered
children 179
8.4. Old Herero woman with the young boy she raises 181
8.5. Young Herero boy helping tend cattle 182
8.6. Young Mbukushu boy watering Herero goats and
sheep 183
8.7. Fostering rates by parent s marital status 190
8.8. Fostering rates by mother s marital status and age
at birth 194
9.1. Map of places in western Ngamiland occupied by
!Kung and Herero 202
9.2. !Kung and Herero period and cohort age specific
fertility rates 206
9.3. Completed family sizes for cohorts of Herero and
!Kung women since the turn of the century 207
9.4. Cohort and period survivor curves of age at first
birth for !Kung and Herero 214
xiv Figures
9.5. Survivorship of !Kung and Herero offspring to age
15 through 1968 217
9.6. !Kung and Herero survivorship throughout the
life span 220
10.1. Population pyramids of Herero in Botswana and
Namibia 227
10.2. Inferred and projected Herero population pyra¬
mids: 1906, 1951, and 1986 229
10.3. Hypothetical age structure of Herero without sub
fertility 233
10.4. Smoothed 1986 female population pyramid 234
Tables
11 Heterozygosity at 17 loci in a sample of African
populations 13
1 2. Cattle counts in the Dobe region 19
1 3. List of Herero and Mbanderu otuzo 31
3.1. Infant mortality by period 61
3.2. Childhood mortality by period 61
3.3. Infant mortality by sex since 1960 62
3.4. Childhood mortality by sex since 1960 62
3.5. Logistic regression analysis of mortality in the
first 2 years 67
4.1. Numbers of person years and deaths available
for constructing life tables 86
4.2. Empirical survivor functions by sex and period 90
4.3. Changes in the log likelihood ratio X2 statistic
from adding succesive powers of age to the
logistic regression 91
4.4. Expectation of life at birth by period and sex 93
4.5. Observed and expected deaths 95
5.1. Age specific fertility rates by period, 1909 86 105
5.2. Age specific fertility rates by period, 1909 56 106
5.3. Mean age at first and last birth by cohort 110
5.4. Number of births to post reproductive Herero
women by cohort 116
5.5. Observed and weighted family size distribu¬
tions of informants mothers 117
5.6. Observed and weighted familiy size distribu¬
tions of the mothers of informants by cohort 119
7.1. Number of birth intervals contributed by
women 154
7.2. Effects on the length of birth intervals using
logistic regression 156
7.3. Effects on the logistic regression when mixed
birth intervals are apportioned 159
xvi Tables
7.4. Effects on the length of births intervals using
Cox regression 163
8.1. Ages at which children are fostered 174
8.2. Number of Herero who ever raised a foster child 180
8.3. Putative relationship of children to their foster
parents 184
8.4. Ascertainment, fosterage, sex and birth cohort 189
8.5. Fosterage, sex, parent s marital status and
birth cohort 191
8.6. Effects of cohort, parent s marital status, and
sex on fosterage 191
8.7. Effect of mother s age on fosterage for children
whose parents did not marry each other 195
8.8. Number of children fostered by survival of
mother s father and by parent s marital status 197
9.1. Log rank statistics for comparing equality of
survivor curves 215
9.2. !Kung and Herero offspring mortality to age 15
through 1968 218
10.1. Survival and fertility in the next 5 years by
period 226
10.2. Estimates of the number of Herero in Botswana
in 1906 86 232
10.3. Population growth rates and the frequency of
oscillation 236
|
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| geographic | Ngamiland (DE-588)4101172-7 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Ngamiland |
| id | DE-604.BV008424364 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T17:19:31Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 019852286X |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-005550835 |
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| physical | XVI, 268 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 1993 |
| publishDateSearch | 1993 |
| publishDateSort | 1993 |
| publisher | Clarendon Press |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Research monographs on human population biology |
| series2 | Research monographs on human population biology |
| spelling | Pennington, Renee Verfasser aut The structure of an African pastoralist community demography, history, and ecology of the Ngamiland Herero Renee Pennington ; Henry Harpending Oxford u.a. Clarendon Press 1993 XVI, 268 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Research monographs on human population biology 11 Fécondité humaine - Botswana ram Herders gtt Herero (peuple d'Afrique) - Population ram Herero (volk) gtt Vruchtbaarheid gtt Fertility, Human Botswana Herero (African people) Population Herero (DE-588)4024480-5 gnd rswk-swf Ngamiland (DE-588)4101172-7 gnd rswk-swf Ngamiland (DE-588)4101172-7 g Herero (DE-588)4024480-5 s DE-604 Harpending, Henry Verfasser aut Research monographs on human population biology 11 (DE-604)BV000019203 11 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=005550835&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Pennington, Renee Harpending, Henry The structure of an African pastoralist community demography, history, and ecology of the Ngamiland Herero Research monographs on human population biology Fécondité humaine - Botswana ram Herders gtt Herero (peuple d'Afrique) - Population ram Herero (volk) gtt Vruchtbaarheid gtt Fertility, Human Botswana Herero (African people) Population Herero (DE-588)4024480-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4024480-5 (DE-588)4101172-7 |
| title | The structure of an African pastoralist community demography, history, and ecology of the Ngamiland Herero |
| title_auth | The structure of an African pastoralist community demography, history, and ecology of the Ngamiland Herero |
| title_exact_search | The structure of an African pastoralist community demography, history, and ecology of the Ngamiland Herero |
| title_full | The structure of an African pastoralist community demography, history, and ecology of the Ngamiland Herero Renee Pennington ; Henry Harpending |
| title_fullStr | The structure of an African pastoralist community demography, history, and ecology of the Ngamiland Herero Renee Pennington ; Henry Harpending |
| title_full_unstemmed | The structure of an African pastoralist community demography, history, and ecology of the Ngamiland Herero Renee Pennington ; Henry Harpending |
| title_short | The structure of an African pastoralist community |
| title_sort | the structure of an african pastoralist community demography history and ecology of the ngamiland herero |
| title_sub | demography, history, and ecology of the Ngamiland Herero |
| topic | Fécondité humaine - Botswana ram Herders gtt Herero (peuple d'Afrique) - Population ram Herero (volk) gtt Vruchtbaarheid gtt Fertility, Human Botswana Herero (African people) Population Herero (DE-588)4024480-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Fécondité humaine - Botswana Herders Herero (peuple d'Afrique) - Population Herero (volk) Vruchtbaarheid Fertility, Human Botswana Herero (African people) Population Herero Ngamiland |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=005550835&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV000019203 |
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