Fundamentals of x-ray physics:
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English Russian |
| Published: |
Cambridge
Cambridge Internat. Science Publ.
2008
|
| Edition: | 1. publ. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XIV, 245 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9781904602644 |
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MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Pavlinsky, Gely V. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Fundamentals of x-ray physics |c G. V. Pavlinsky |
| 250 | |a 1. publ. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Cambridge |b Cambridge Internat. Science Publ. |c 2008 | |
| 300 | |a XIV, 245 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804138650453147648 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface
.......................................................................................................................ix
Introduction
...............................................................................................................xi
1.
Characteristic
x-ray radiation
....................................................1
1.1.
Development
of
concepts
of the atom
structure
........................................ 1
1.2.
The equation for the energy of x-ray levels of the atom
............................5
1.3.
Systematics of characteristic lines
.............................................................8
1.3.1.
The Moseley law
.......................................................................................8
1.3.2.
Spin-doublets in the x-ray spectrum
..........................................................9
1.3.3.
Screening doublets
................................................................................... 11
1.3.4.
Determination of the screening constants si ands2
................................12
1.3.5.
The fine structure of the x-ray levels
.......................................................13
1.4.
Intensity of the lines of the characteristic spectrun
..................................15
The relative intensity of lines
...................................................................16
.1.
Selection rules
.......................................................................................... 16
.2.
Effect of the population of the levels on the relative intensity
of
multiplet
lines
...................................................................................... 17
.3.
Effect of the Koster-Kronig transition on the relative intensity of lines
. 20
.4.
Determination of the probability of
pif
of intra-atomic transitions
..........22
1.4.
1.4.
1.4.
1.4.
1.4.
1.4.2.
X-ray fluorescence yield
ω
23
1.4.3.
The intensity of characteristic radiation, excited by the electron flux
.....25
1.4.3.1.
Basic equation for the intensity of characteristic radiation, excited by
electrons
...................................................................................................25
1.4.3.2.
Taking into account backscattering of the electrons
................................29
1.4.3.3.
Taking into account the absorption of characteristic x-ray radiation
.......30
1.4.3.4.
Taking into account the effect of selective excitation of target atoms
.....33
1.4.3.5.
Simulation of the processes of excitation of x-ray radiation by the
method of statistical evaluation
...............................................................34
2, Bremsstrahlung..........................................................................36
2.1.
Spectral distribution of the intensity of bremsstrahlung
..........................36
2.1.1.
Basic equation for the spectral intensity of bremsstrahlung
....................36
2.1.2.
Improvement and modification of Kramers formula
..............................41
2.2.
Spatial distribution of bremsstrahlung
.....................................................44
2.3.
Polarisation of bremsstrahlung
................................................................48
3.
Sources
of x-ray radiation
........................................................51
3.1.
X-radiatíon
excited by the electron beam. X-ray tubes
...........................51
3.1.1.
The ratio of the intensities of the characteristic and continuous compo¬
nents of radiation of x-ray tubes
..............................................................52
3.1.2.
Special features of the spectral distribution of radiation of the x-ray
tubes with an earthed cathode
..................................................................54
3.2.
Excitation of
х
-radiation by the ion beam
................................................57
3.2.1.
Characteristic radiation
............................................................................58
3.2.2. Bremsstrahlung
of ions
............................................................................60
3.3.
Radioactive sources of x-ray radiation
....................................................61
3.1.1.
Capture of the electron from K-shell by the atomic nucleus. Internal
conversion
................................................................................................62
3.3.2. Bremsstrahlung
and characteristic radiation of sources, associated with
nuclear
ß-radiation...................................................................................63
3.3.3.
X-ray radiation, accompanying
α
-breakdown
.........................................
64
3.4.
Synchrotron
-
a source of x-ray radiation
...............................................64
3.5.
X-ray radiation of high-temperature plasma
............................................68
3.6.
Х
-ray lasers
..............................................................................................70
4.
Absorption of x-ray radiation
..................................................74
4.1.
Electronic, partial and atomic coefficients of absorption
........................74
4.2.
Absorption jumps
....................................................................................79
4.3.
Structure of absorption edges
..................................................................82
4.4.
Linear and mass coefficient of attenuation of x-ray radiation
.................88
5.
Scattering of x-ray radiation
....................................................92
5.1.
The scattering of x-ray radiation on free electrons
..................................92
5.1.1.
Coherent scattering
..................................................................................92
5.1.2.
Non-coherent scattering
...........................................................................98
5.1.3.
Intensity of x-ray radiation, scattered on free electrons
.........................101
5.2.
The scattering of x-ray radiation on atoms
............................................103
5.2.1.
Coherent scattering by atoms
.................................................................105
5.2.2.
Non-coherent scattering by atoms
......................................................... 108
5.2.3.
The ratio of the intensities of coherent and non-coherent scattering
on the atoms
........................................................................................... 111
5.3.
Intensity of x-ray radiation scattered by a thick specimen
..................... 112
5.4.
Scattering of x-ray radiation by ordered structures
...............................117
5.5.
Resonance combination scattering of x-ray radiation
............................120
6.
Refraction and reflection of x-ray radiation
.......................124
6.1.
Theoretical fundamentals of studying dispersion
..................................125
6.2.
Refraction of x-rays
...............................................................................130
6.3.
Total external reflection of x-ray radiation
............................................133
6.4.
Interference of x-ray radiation
...............................................................138
6.4.1.
Reflection of x-ray radiation by the layer-substrate system and by
multilayer
structures
..............................................................................139
6.4.2.
Fields of standing waves
........................................................................144
6.5.
Practical application of the optical properties of x-ray radiation
..........148
6.5.1.
Expanding the possibilities of x-ray spectrometry
.................................148
6.5.2.
Methods of focusing x-ray radiation
......................................................151
6.5.3.
Comparison of the resolution power and reflectivity of x-ray optical
elements
.................................................................................................156
7.
Free electrons, formed in irradiated material.
Bremsstrahlung
of these electrons
........................................158
7.1.
Photoelectrons
....................................................................................... 158
7.2.
Auger electrons
......................................................................................161
7.3.
Recoil electrons (Compton electrons)
...................................................163
7.4. Bremsstrahlung
of photoelectrons, Auger electrons and recoil
electrons
.................................................................................................165
7.5.
Comparison of spectral distributions of bremsstrahlung of photo-,
Auger and Compton electrons
...............................................................170
8.
X ray fluorescence
....................................................................174
8.1.
Intensity of x-ray fluorescence
...............................................................174
8.2.
Effect of the particle size on the intensity of x-ray fluorescence
...........180
8.3.
Effect of the element composition of the specimen on the intensity
of x-ray fluorescence
............................................................................. 184
8.4.
Dependence of the intensity of x-ray fluorescence on primary
radiation wavelength
..............................................................................188
8.5.
Process of excitation of x-ray fluorescence for the case in which
the areas of absorption of primary radiation and formation of
a fluorescent photon coincide
................................................................191
8.5.1.
Formation of x-ray fluorescence as a result of cascade transitions
........192
8.5.2. Ionisation
of atoms by photo- and Auger electrons
...............................195
8.6.
Processes of excitation of x-ray fluorescence for the case in which
the areas of interaction of primary radiation and formation of the
fluorescent photon differ
........................................................................199
8.6.1.
Effect of scattering processes on the intensity of x-ray fluorescence
.... 200
8.6.2. Ionisation
of the L-shell by K-radiation of the same element (self-excita¬
tion)
........................................................................................................202
8.6.3.
Excitation of x-ray fluorescence by radiation of other elements,
present in the irradiated material
...........................................................202
8.6.4.
Third order effects
.................................................................................204
8.7.
Selective absorption of primary radiation
..............................................205
8.8.
Perturbing effect of elements on the intensity of x-ray fluorescence
.....207
8.9.
Excitation of x-ray fluorescence by polychromatic primary
radiation
.................................................................................................210
8.9.1.
The integral-free model of calculating the intensity of x-ray radiation
.211
8.9.2.
Equivalent parameters of inhomogeneous primary radiation
................212
8.9.3.
Second
order effects in inhomogeneous primary radiation
...................215
8.9.3.1.
Cascade transitions and self-excitation
..................................................216
8.9.3.2.
Ionisation
of atoms by photo- and Auger electrons
...............................215
8.9.3.3.
Selective excitation effect
......................................................................219
8.9.3.4.
Perturbing effect. Compensation
...........................................................221
8.10.
Special features of the excitation of x-ray fluorescence of elements
with low atomic numbers
.......................................................................223
Conclusions
............................................................................................................230
References
..............................................................................................................233
Index
...............................................................................................................244
|
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| discipline | Physik |
| edition | 1. publ. |
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| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781904602644 |
| language | English Russian |
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| spelling | Pavlinsky, Gely V. Verfasser aut Fundamentals of x-ray physics G. V. Pavlinsky 1. publ. Cambridge Cambridge Internat. Science Publ. 2008 XIV, 245 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier X-rays Röntgenstrahlung (DE-588)4129728-3 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4006432-3 Bibliografie gnd-content Röntgenstrahlung (DE-588)4129728-3 s DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017140583&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Pavlinsky, Gely V. Fundamentals of x-ray physics X-rays Röntgenstrahlung (DE-588)4129728-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4129728-3 (DE-588)4006432-3 |
| title | Fundamentals of x-ray physics |
| title_auth | Fundamentals of x-ray physics |
| title_exact_search | Fundamentals of x-ray physics |
| title_full | Fundamentals of x-ray physics G. V. Pavlinsky |
| title_fullStr | Fundamentals of x-ray physics G. V. Pavlinsky |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fundamentals of x-ray physics G. V. Pavlinsky |
| title_short | Fundamentals of x-ray physics |
| title_sort | fundamentals of x ray physics |
| topic | X-rays Röntgenstrahlung (DE-588)4129728-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | X-rays Röntgenstrahlung Bibliografie |
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