The state of world rural poverty: an inquiry into its causes and consequences
Gespeichert in:
Hauptverfasser: | , , |
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Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
New York, NY
New York Univ. Press
1992
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Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Beschreibung: | XXIII, 514 S. graph. Darst. |
ISBN: | 0814737536 0814737544 9290720034 |
Internformat
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245 | 1 | 0 | |a The state of world rural poverty |b an inquiry into its causes and consequences |c Idriss Jazairy ; Mohiuddin Alamgir ; Theresa Panuccio |
264 | 1 | |a New York, NY |b New York Univ. Press |c 1992 | |
300 | |a XXIII, 514 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
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650 | 4 | |a Entwicklungsländer | |
650 | 4 | |a Rural development |z Developing countries | |
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adam_text | Contents
Acknowledgements xiii
Abbreviations and acronyms xiv
Foreword by Idriss Jazairy xvii
1 Overview and background /
Introduction 1
A balanced and equitable development 3
2 From the old to the new development paradigm 5
The dominant development paradigm 5
Variants of the dominant paradigm 9
Challenges to the dominant paradigm 12
Towards a new paradigm centered on poverty alleviation 14
3 The world of the rural poor 26
Introduction 26
The measurement of rural poverty and deprivation 26
Poverty indices: comparison between countries 30
Income distribution 44
Rural poor and functionally vulnerable groups 45
Poverty in the household 53
Types and location of rural poor 64
4 Rural poverty processes 69
Policy induced processes 69
Dualism 70
Population growth 71
Resource management and the environment 51
Natural cycles and processes 84
The marginalisation of women 84
Cultural and ethnic factors 85
Exploitative intermediation 86
Internal political fragmentation and civil strife 86
International processes 87
The regional and country profile of poverty processes 87
A framework for rural poverty analysis and poverty mapping 90
5 Access of the rural poor to resources: land 105
Introduction 105
Land: access of the rural poor to land 106
Conclusion 132
6 Access of the rural poor to resources: infrastructure, technology and social
services 134
Introduction 134
Irrigation development for alleviating rural poverty 134
Technology and farming systems for the rural poor 742
Improving the access of the rural poor to transport, communication and
social services 152
Conclusion 159
7 Access of the rural poor to resources: labour and capital markets 160
Introduction 160
The rural labour market 161
New employment opportunities / 71
Training and development of micro management capacity 182
The capital of the rural poor 191
Conclusion 270
8 Reorienting government policies and institutions to help the poor 213
Introduction 213
Internal and external balances 274
Agricultural pricing policy 234
Interest rate and credit policies 245
Institutions 249
Debt management and capital flow 266
Conclusion: the adjustments under way 268
9 Rural women in development 273
Introduction 273
The contribution of rural women to economic development 274
Rural women s role in economic development: a conceptual framework 275
Rural women s access to resources and opportunities 279
Conclusion: major lessons 298
10 Alleviating rural poverty through natural resource management and preservation 305
Introduction 305
Degradation of renewable resources in developing countries 305
Factors contributing to the degradation of the environment 306
Preserving the environment and alleviating rural poverty 310
Conclusion 321
11 Strategies for targeting specific groups 322
Introduction 322
Landless and near landless populations 322
Small scale and artisanal fishermen 325
The Amerindian peoples of Latin America 327
Nomadic pastoralists 332
Displaced wanderers 337
The tribal population in India 338
Conclusion 340
12 Partnership and participation: necessary elements for poverty alleviation 342
Introduction 342
The importance of participation 342
The need for a better partnership 343
National governments and the need for decentralisation 343
Local governments 344
Non governmental organisations (NGOs) and the rural poor 347
People s organisations and participatory development 351
Conclusion 360
Annexes 363
Annexe I GNP per capita and selected poverty indicators 364
Annexe II Determinants of poverty 365
Annexe III List of IFAD financed projects referred to in the study 366
Statistical appendix 371
Selected bibliography 482
Boxes
2.1 The economic and financial return on programmes to alleviate poverty 25
3.1 New poverty indicator: the spread of landlessness 50
3.2 The differentiation of the rural world in Paraguay 53
3.3 Rural women in Ethiopia 63
3.4 Dilemmas in targeting: growth and fragmentation in Yemen 65
3.5 In search of the poor in China 66
4.1 The three faces of dualism in Latin America 72
4.2 The proletarisation of the poor in Nepal 75
4.3 Relieving the pressure of people on the land in Indonesia 80
4.4 The hills above, the plains below: Nepal s environmental catastrophe 82
5.1 Land titling in Latin America 117
5.2 Land tenure and project effects: the case of Bhutan 121
5.3 The communal lands of Zimbabwe and Namibia 124
5.4 Right to land for the tribals of Orissa 126
5.5 Pasture management in Inner Mongolia 130
6.1 On farm water management in Bhutan 139
6.2 Irrigation projects: the lessons learned 140
6.3 Why poor farmers reject new technologies 143
6.4 The impact of research on income and production 145
6.5 IFAD s programme of technical assistance grants 146
6.6 The potential of agricultural research: faba beans 148
6.7 Crop diversification: five examples 149
6.8 The Laotian opium growers: what is their future? 151
6.9 Problem diagnosis and project response in the South Simbu Rural Development Project (SSRDP)
in Papua New Guinea 158
7.1 Collaboration with WFP food for capacity creation 775
7.2 IFAD s experience with micro enterprises 180
7.3 The Grameen Bank: breaking a vicious circle by providing credit 206
7.4 Credit: four approaches to opening the door to the poor 207
8.1 Poverty alleviation and structural adjustment 270
9.1 A difficult environment for rural women: the African experience 280
10.1 Soil and water conservation: project experience and lessons learned 311
10.2 The dynamics of consultation with farmers: soil and water conservation in
The Niger 312
10.3 China: the salt desert of Hebei 315
10.4 Working with NGOs to preserve the environment 318
10.5 Using food aid to improve the environment 318
10.6 Inter governmental collaboration for environmentally sustainable development: the example of
Algeria and Tunisia 319
10.7 Thailand a multi faceted approach to conservation of the environment 320
11.1 Support for the landless and near landless 325
11.2 The fisherfolk of Djibouti 328
11.3 The survival strategies of the Amerindian populations of Latin America 331
11.4 Helping the Guaymi people to help themselves 332
11.5 Reviving traditional handicrafts 332
11.6 Balancing autonomy with participation: IFAD s experience with the Aguarunas
of Peru 333
11.7 IFAD s support of pastoralists 337
12.1 Local government initiatives for development 346
12.2 Efforts at decentralisation: Kenya and Bangladesh 348
12.3 Partnership in the mountains: working with the Aga Khan Rural Social Programme (AKRSP) in
Chitral 349
12.4 Building a complementary partnership: IFAD s collaboration with NGOs 352
12.5 Designing projects for people s participation 353
12.6 Fostering participation by targeting the poorest groups 355
12.7 Participation and institution building 356
Text tables
1.1 Rural population below the poverty line in 114 developing countries, 1988 2
2.1 Growth, income distribution and poverty in selected countries, 1965 1988 6
2.2 Growth of GNP per capita and changes in the incidence of rural poverty and the income
share of the lowest 20 percent for selected countries, 1965 1988 7
2.3 Social indicators for selected countries from the lowest and highest ranked 20 countries
according to annual rate of growth of GNP per capita, 1965 1988 8
2.4 Social indicators for selected countries from the lowest and highest ranked 20 countries
according to GNP per capita in 1988 US dollars 9
2.5 Share of smallholder farmers in total crop production, 1965 1988 (percent) 75
2.6 Growth of agriculture and GNP per capita, 1965 1988 (percent) 18
2.7 Economic rate of return (ERR) of IFAD financed projects by type (post 1985) 24
3.1 Frequency distribution of 113 countries by food security status, 1988 31
3.2 Frequency distribution of 108 developing countries according to per capita daily energy supply
(DES) as a percentage of requirement by region, 1965 and 1985 32
3.3 Countries with positive growth (1965 1985) of per capita daily energy supply (DES) failing to
meet minimum calorie requirements in 1985 32
3.4 Growth of per capita daily energy supply (DES) and food production for the lowest and
highest 20 developing countries ranked according to annual growth rate of GNP
per capita, 1965 1988 33
3.5 Food staples self sufficiency by region, 1965 1967 and 1986 1988 33
3.6 Number of food deficit countries by region, 1965 1967 and 1986 1988 34
3.7 Variability of production and consumption of food staples for selected countries: 1965 1977,
1978 1988 and 1965 1988 34
3.8 Frequency distribution of countries according to variability of production and consumption of
food staples by region, 1965 1988 35
3.9 Regional profile of integrated poverty status, 1988 35
3.10 Lowest 20 countries according to head count ratio rank, and integrated poverty index
rank, 1988 36
3.11 Rural population below the poverty line (head count ratio) in selected countries,
1965 and 1988 37
3.12 India: percentage of rural population below the poverty line by state, 1970, 1983
and 1988 39
3.13 Education, health and basic needs status of the lowest and highest 20 countries ranked
according to 1988 GNP per capita 41
3.14 Rural/urban differences in access to services for lowest and highest 20 developing countries
ranked according to 1988 GNP per capita 43
3.15 List of countries which are among the 20 lowest ranked by different poverty/welfare
criteria 44
3.16 Head count ratio, Gini coefficient and quintile ratio of income distribution for selected
countries 45
3.17 Total, rural and agricultural population of the 114 developing countries by region 46
3.18 The profile of the rural poor in developing countries (percent of rural population) 47
3.19 Functionally vulnerable population in 64 developing countries, 1988 47
3.20 Changes in the distribution of landholding 48
3.21 The proportion of agricultural and rural populations in total population in 41 developing
countries with a shift of 10 percent or more in favour of non agricultural activities in
rural areas, 1965 1988 49
3.22 Incidence of rural poverty by occupational groups: Malaysia, 1970 1987 54
3.23 Per capita calorie intake by size of landholding in Bangladesh 55
3.24 Per capita calorie intake by age in Bangladesh 55
3.25 Cost sharing arrangements under share rent contracts in 62 Bangladesh villages, 1987 (figures in
percent of total villages) 58
3.26 Average ownership of work oxen per rural household in Ethiopia, 1984 60
4.1 Total population and projected change by region, 1990 and 2025 77
4.2 Rural poverty mapping for 56 developing countries 92
5.1 The share of marginal farmers (with less than one hectare of operational holding) in total
holdings and cultivated land in 24 developing countries (1980s) 107
5.2 Squatter settlements in Latin America and the Caribbean 122
6.1 Irrigated land under farmer management 138
7.1 Average annual growth rates of population and labour force by region and sector, 1970 1985
(percentages) 162
7.2 Occupational status of economically active population in agriculture in selected developing
countries 163
7.3 Share of non farm activities and manufacturing in rural employment in selected Asian countries
(percentages) 165
7.4 Employment status in selected countries 770
7.5 Trend in real agricultural wages, 1970 1985 172
7.6 Sources of finance for initial investment by small and micro enterprises in selected countries
(percentage by source) 177
7.7 Percentage distribution of small manufacturing enterprises by major buyers 777
7.8 A profile of IFAD financed credit projects 194
7.9 Selected credit programmes directed at the poor in Asia 205
7.10 Basic information on pilot projects adopting the Grameen Bank approach 210
8.1 Importance of government revenue and expenditure in national economies 214
8.2 Sources of government revenue (percentage of total revenue) 215
8.3 Government expenditure by economic classification, as a percentage of government expenditure
plus lending and repayments 216
8.4 Government strategy indicators: selected heads as percentages of government
expenditure 217
8.5 Importance of the rural/agricultural sector in national economies 218
8.6 Shares of rural areas and the smallholder sector in total government expenditure (excluding
wages and salaries) (percent) 219
8.7 The inflation tax in selected countries, 1987 222
8.8 Exports of selected commodities and export duties 224
8.9 Movement of real international prices of selected commodities, 1970 1988 226
8.10 Ratios of official to black market exchange rates in selected countries 1983 1988 229
8.11 Indices of real effective exchange rates for selected countries, 1977 1989 (1985=100) 230
8.12 Annual trend growth rate of real producer prices (percent), frequency distribution of values,
1970 1988 237
8.13 Percentage variability of real producer prices, frequency distribution of values, 1970 1988 237
8.14 Seasonal price ratios for selected commodities 239
8.15 Average ratios of producer to border prices 240
8.16 Averages of selected price ratios 241
8.17 Average ratios of fertiliser (urea) to output prices 243
8.18 Ratios of producer prices of export crops to food crops 245
8.19 Percentage of total credit to agriculture and share of agriculture in GDP 247
8.20 Smallholder share in total rural credit 247
8.21 Project lending rate and bank interest rate in selected countries (percent per annum) 247
8.22 Real interest rates for selected countries, 1976 1988 248
8.23 Relative advantages for small farmers of alternative marketing structures 255
8.24 Resource commitments to developing countries and to agriculture 268
9.1 Estimates of the number of rural women living below the poverty line in 114 developing
countries, 1988 273
9.2 Estimates of the number of rural women living below the poverty line in 41 developing
countries 274
9.3 Indicators of women s educational status for 114 developing countries by region 278
9.4 Indicators of women s employment status for 114 developing countries by region 279
9.5 Women s relative wage earning status for 114 developing countries by region, 1988 279
9.6 Percentage of total rural households headed by women in 114 developing countries by
region 279
10.1 Desertification in developing countries (early 1980s) 307
Charts
1.1 Rural population below the poverty line in selected countries, 1965 and 1988 3
2.1 Elements of a new development paradigm 16
3.1 Movement of staples self sufficiency ratio for selected countries, 1965 67 and 1986 88 34
3.2 Malnutrition among five year olds, Ghana, 1980 84 54
4.1 The case of Latin America: the dualistic process 71
4.2 The case of Sub Saharan Africa and Southern Africa: the dualistic process 74
4.3 The population process 76
4.4 Migration and rural poverty 79
4.5 Summary profile of poverty processes in 58 developing countries 88
4.6 A framework for rural poverty analysis: An overview 91
8.1 Trend in inflation: selected countries, 1980 89 220
8.2 GDP growth and inflation, 1965 80 and 1980 88 221
8.3 Movement of real international prices of selected crops, 1970 88 226
8.4 Movement of indices of real effective exchange rates, selected countries, 1977 89 229
8.5 Movement of real producer price indices, 1970 88 238
8.6 Ratio of producer to border prices, 1971 88 240
8.7 Price ratios of selected commodities, 1971 88 242
8.8 Ratio of fertiliser (urea) to output prices, 1971 88 244
8.9 Indices of price ratios of cash crops to food crops, 1971 88 246
8.10 Movement of real interest rates 249
9.1 Strengthening the role of poor rural women in development 277
10.1 The links between environment, poverty alleviation and growth 306
12.1 Partnership for a world without hunger and poverty 344
Figure
10.1 Contour stone bunds with demi lunes and planting pits: Illustrative field layout 312
|
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author | Jazaïry, Idriss 1936- Alamgir, Mohiuddin 1943- Panuccio, Theresa |
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author_facet | Jazaïry, Idriss 1936- Alamgir, Mohiuddin 1943- Panuccio, Theresa |
author_role | aut aut aut |
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author_variant | i j ij m a ma t p tp |
building | Verbundindex |
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dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
dewey-ones | 307 - Communities 362 - Social problems and services to groups |
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dewey-search | 307.1/412/091724 20 307.1/412/091724 362.5 |
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dewey-tens | 300 - Social sciences 360 - Social problems and services; associations |
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geographic | Entwicklungsländer (DE-588)4014954-7 gnd |
geographic_facet | Entwicklungsländer |
id | DE-604.BV006530119 |
illustrated | Illustrated |
indexdate | 2024-07-09T16:47:47Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 0814737536 0814737544 9290720034 |
language | English |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-004159366 |
oclc_num | 231457490 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | DE-12 DE-703 DE-521 DE-11 DE-188 |
owner_facet | DE-12 DE-703 DE-521 DE-11 DE-188 |
physical | XXIII, 514 S. graph. Darst. |
publishDate | 1992 |
publishDateSearch | 1992 |
publishDateSort | 1992 |
publisher | New York Univ. Press |
record_format | marc |
spelling | Jazaïry, Idriss 1936- Verfasser (DE-588)135643538 aut The state of world rural poverty an inquiry into its causes and consequences Idriss Jazairy ; Mohiuddin Alamgir ; Theresa Panuccio New York, NY New York Univ. Press 1992 XXIII, 514 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Entwicklungsländer Rural development Developing countries Agricultural development projects Developing countries Rural poor Developing countries Entwicklungshilfe (DE-588)4014948-1 gnd rswk-swf Ländlicher Raum (DE-588)4034026-0 gnd rswk-swf Armut (DE-588)4002963-3 gnd rswk-swf Ländliche Entwicklung (DE-588)4034450-2 gnd rswk-swf Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4034402-2 gnd rswk-swf Entwicklungsländer (DE-588)4014954-7 gnd rswk-swf Ländliche Entwicklung (DE-588)4034450-2 s Entwicklungsländer (DE-588)4014954-7 g DE-604 Armut (DE-588)4002963-3 s Ländlicher Raum (DE-588)4034026-0 s Entwicklungshilfe (DE-588)4014948-1 s Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4034402-2 s Alamgir, Mohiuddin 1943- Verfasser (DE-588)135643635 aut Panuccio, Theresa Verfasser (DE-588)13564366X aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=004159366&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Jazaïry, Idriss 1936- Alamgir, Mohiuddin 1943- Panuccio, Theresa The state of world rural poverty an inquiry into its causes and consequences Entwicklungsländer Rural development Developing countries Agricultural development projects Developing countries Rural poor Developing countries Entwicklungshilfe (DE-588)4014948-1 gnd Ländlicher Raum (DE-588)4034026-0 gnd Armut (DE-588)4002963-3 gnd Ländliche Entwicklung (DE-588)4034450-2 gnd Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4034402-2 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4014948-1 (DE-588)4034026-0 (DE-588)4002963-3 (DE-588)4034450-2 (DE-588)4034402-2 (DE-588)4014954-7 |
title | The state of world rural poverty an inquiry into its causes and consequences |
title_auth | The state of world rural poverty an inquiry into its causes and consequences |
title_exact_search | The state of world rural poverty an inquiry into its causes and consequences |
title_full | The state of world rural poverty an inquiry into its causes and consequences Idriss Jazairy ; Mohiuddin Alamgir ; Theresa Panuccio |
title_fullStr | The state of world rural poverty an inquiry into its causes and consequences Idriss Jazairy ; Mohiuddin Alamgir ; Theresa Panuccio |
title_full_unstemmed | The state of world rural poverty an inquiry into its causes and consequences Idriss Jazairy ; Mohiuddin Alamgir ; Theresa Panuccio |
title_short | The state of world rural poverty |
title_sort | the state of world rural poverty an inquiry into its causes and consequences |
title_sub | an inquiry into its causes and consequences |
topic | Entwicklungsländer Rural development Developing countries Agricultural development projects Developing countries Rural poor Developing countries Entwicklungshilfe (DE-588)4014948-1 gnd Ländlicher Raum (DE-588)4034026-0 gnd Armut (DE-588)4002963-3 gnd Ländliche Entwicklung (DE-588)4034450-2 gnd Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4034402-2 gnd |
topic_facet | Entwicklungsländer Rural development Developing countries Agricultural development projects Developing countries Rural poor Developing countries Entwicklungshilfe Ländlicher Raum Armut Ländliche Entwicklung Landwirtschaft |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=004159366&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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